investigations of paleobotanical and zooarchaeological data from dust cave, alabama kandace...
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Investigations of Investigations of Paleobotanical and Paleobotanical and Zooarchaeological Data Zooarchaeological Data from Dust Cave, Alabamafrom Dust Cave, Alabama
Kandace HollenbachKandace Hollenbach (University of (University of Tennessee)Tennessee)
Renee B. Walker Renee B. Walker (SUNY Oneonta)(SUNY Oneonta)
Location of Dust CaveLocation of Dust Cave
Test and Excavation Test and Excavation UnitsUnits
Entrance TrenchEntrance Trench
StratigraphyStratigraphy
Hearth
Ash Pit
Remnant of Clay-lined floor
Hearth
Dust Cave ChronologyDust Cave Chronology
Late PaleoindianLate Paleoindian– Quad/Beaver Lake/Dalton ComponentQuad/Beaver Lake/Dalton Component
11,500-9,500 cal B.C. 11,500-9,500 cal B.C. Early Archaic Early Archaic
– Early Side-Notched ComponentEarly Side-Notched Component 9,500-6,900 cal B.C.9,500-6,900 cal B.C.
Middle ArchaicMiddle Archaic– Kirk Stemmed ComponentKirk Stemmed Component
8800-8200 cal B.C.8800-8200 cal B.C.– Eva/Morrow Mountain ComponentEva/Morrow Mountain Component
6400-4000 cal B.C.6400-4000 cal B.C.– Benton ComponentBenton Component
4500-3600 cal B.C.4500-3600 cal B.C.
Current AnalysisCurrent Analysis
Focus on Quad/Beaver Lake/Dalton, Early Focus on Quad/Beaver Lake/Dalton, Early Side-Notched, and Kirk Stemmed Side-Notched, and Kirk Stemmed components. components. – These components span a time of These components span a time of
environmental change in North America, environmental change in North America, including both the end of the Pleistocene and including both the end of the Pleistocene and the beginning of the Holocene and the the beginning of the Holocene and the Hypsithermal period. Hypsithermal period.
– The data from these components represent the The data from these components represent the greatest overlap between the analyses of the greatest overlap between the analyses of the archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data.archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data.
Animal ClassAnimal Class
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
U T R Q P
Zone
Percent
Fish Amphib Rep Bird Mammal
11
, 50
0 ca
l B
.C.
95
00
cal
B.C
.
58
00
cal B
.C.
Canada Goose humeri Canada Goose humeri cachecache
Branta canadensis Branta canadensis (Canada Goose) (Canada Goose)
Cut and scrape marks on 19 Cut and scrape marks on 19 of the 23 specimens of the 23 specimens specimensspecimens
Located in zone T3, which Located in zone T3, which corresponds to the corresponds to the Quad/Beaver Lake Quad/Beaver Lake component.component.
Walker and Parmalee 2004
Aquatic Species Aquatic Species RepresentedRepresented
Aquatic species
050
100150200
250300350400
11,500-9500 cal B.C. 9500-6900 cal B.C. 8200-5800 cal B.C.
NISP
Aquatic species
Beaver Humerus Beaver Humerus (with cutmarks from Quad/Beaver Lake/Dalton (with cutmarks from Quad/Beaver Lake/Dalton Component)Component)
Richness, Diversity & EquitabilityRichness, Diversity & Equitability
Richness is the number of taxa represented.Richness is the number of taxa represented. Diversity (H’) is the heterogeneity of an Diversity (H’) is the heterogeneity of an
assemblage.assemblage.
Equitability (V’) is the evenness of the distribution Equitability (V’) is the evenness of the distribution between taxa.between taxa.
i
Logps
iipH
1
LogSHV /
Shannon-Weaver Function (Reitz and Wing 1999:105)
RichnessRichness
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
U T R Q P
Zones
N
11
, 50
0 ca
l B
.C.
95
00
cal B
.C.
58
00
cal B
.C.
DiversityDiversity
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
U T R Q P
Zones
11
, 50
0 ca
l B
.C.
95
00
cal B
.C.
58
00
cal B
.C.
EquitabilityEquitability
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
U T R Q P
Zones1
1, 5
00
cal
B.C
.
95
00
cal
B.C
.
58
00
cal B
.C.