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It is a pleasure for me to address the audience of this Symposium on the follow-up to the World Conference on Science, Harnessing Science for Society: Further Partnerships

S&T is such a critical issue for the betterment of Humanity, that we came for all parts of the globe for jointly pursue this noble task.

Inventing a Better Future: A strategy for building worldwide capacities in

science and technology

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Word Population and GDP per-capita (2001)

www.interacademycouncil.net

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Rising Inequities

Inequities are rising within countries and between countries

Assets of world’s 3 richest people exceed combined GDP of poorest 48 countries

World’s 15 richest people have assets that exceed total GDP of Sub-Saharan Africa

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Tertiary Enrollment Ratios

Task Force, 2000

0

20

40

60

80

1965 1975 1985 1995

SS AfricaLow & Middle

Rep. KoreaHigh Income

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Recall:High-income vs. Low-income Countries

Income = 42 times

Research = 218 times

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National Research and Development Expenditures

as a Percent of Gross Domestic Product

Nation % Nation %

Sweden 3.70 Russian Federation 1.06Japan 3.01 Brazil 0.91United States 2.63 Spain 0.89Republic of Korea 2.55 Poland 0.75Germany 2.38 China 0.69France 2.17 South Africa 0.69Taiwan-China 1.97 Hungary 0.68Netherlands 1.95 Chile 0.63United Kingdom 1.87 Turkey 0.49Singapore 1.47 Mexico 0.34India 1.20 Malaysia 0.22Italy 1.04 Ecuador 0.08

www.interacademycouncil.net

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Scientists and Engineers in Research and Development (per million people)

www.interacademycouncil.net

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Patents Granted to Residents (per million population, 1999)

www.interacademycouncil.net

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TWAS Academies & & ICTP S&T Communities & &

ICSU Governments& &

UNESCO Foundations

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Five Clusters of Recommendations

Science and Society

Human Resources

Institutions

Public/Private domain

Financing mechanisms

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Organize systematic input of science into public policy

Policy for Science

Government must adopt strategy for science prepared in consultation with science academy

Identify priorities

Commit national financial support of 1% - 1.5% of GNP

Policy disseminated widely

Science for Policy

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Components of Strategy

Government policy must be coherent and promoting of science

Promote partnerships with others Recognize and fund public goods Strike balance between basic and applied

research Recognize and work with private sector

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On Expanding Human ResourcesNations can only aspire progress with indigenous knowledge

High-quality education at all levels and training are essential in all countries. S&T education policy should be established addressing national needs. Popularization of Science is crucial for the support and betterment of Society.

Brain drain must be addressed:

Developing nations should develop, attract, and maintain S&T talent. Brain drain can be contained with a Pro-Talent Program and scientific cooperation with expatriates and colleagues from more advanced countries.

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Brain Drain

Foreign graduates in S&EWant to stay in the US :

45% (1990) – 72% (1999)

Get offers:

32% (1990) – 50% (1999) 27% of doctorate holders in the US labor

force are foreign born

S&E Indicators 2002

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Special outreach and support programs should be promoted by the S&T community for assuring ethnic, gender and cultural diversity.

S&T capacity-building is a shared regional and global responsibility. South-South cooperation including doctoral, post-doctoral fellowships and open laboratories should be offered to the developing countries by the more S&T-proficient nations such as Brazil, China, India, South Africa, Chile and Mexico, among others.

Regional S&T networks should be stimulated.

On Expanding Human Resources

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On Creating World-Class Institutions Strong universities are critical for expanding

national S&T capacities. Autonomous Centers of Excellence to address local

or regional challenges formed by groups of high scientific caliber, located at universities and research Institutions. Special support to the Least Developed Countries-LDCs must be provided.

Digital libraries of S&T that can bring knowledge to virtually everyone, everywhere, to be freely available or at a modest fee in the developing world

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Virtual Networks of Excellence, linking for research and training scientific talents of nations and regions. Excellent examples have been promoted by the Millennium Science Initiative in Brazil, Chile, Mexico and now Uganda, with support of the World Bank . Engagement of international science community is important to guarantee quality control.

Academies of science, engineering, medicine, professional associations, UN/UNESCO, to urgently help to improve quality of national S&T programs and institutions. Special role for TWAS, IAC, IAP, ICSU, among others and centers like the International Centre for Theoretical Physics - ICTP.

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Public/Private Domains

Promote Public-Private Partnerships. University, Research Centers and Industry. Innovation

IPR & Technology Transfer

Imaginative approaches to patents

Protect public goods

Funding from Private Sector is very important:68% of all funding in the US – up from 32% in 196075% of actual R&D in the US is executed by the PS

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On Funding for Research and Training National “sectoral” funds for sustainable financing of

high quality indigenous Research and Development - R&D in sectors of strategic importance for the country.

Global funds A Global Institutional Fund to provide soft funding for 5

to 10 years to Centers of Excellence in developing countries. The Centers can have national or regional character.

A Global Program Funding for developing nations to create new partnerships with S&T-advanced or S&T-proficient countries.

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From Ideas to Impacts Urgent national and international actions to strength local

S&T.

Urgent regional and international collaboration with LDCs.

S&T-proficient countries, share responsibilities for regional and international S&T training and research programs

A global S&T-capacity “implementation strategy” to promote new initiatives.

International conferences of financial donors to help develop new mechanisms for increasing S&T capacity in developing countries.

In all actions proposed, Government commitment is essential.

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Meeting the Goals

Important cases: Many programs on Teaching and Diffusion of Science for

young students, children. Inclusion of the disadvantage. Special working conditions for young scientists avoiding

Brain Drain, like in China. Similar measure needed all over.

Brazil, China, India and Mexico sharing responsibility for S&T strengthening in the developing world: International Doc and Post-Doc Fellowships with TWAS. Others.

Implementation of Millennium Institutes in Latin America, Africa and Asia.

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Synopsis of ReactionsReactions have been very positive towards the IAC Report.

Launching at the UN by Secretary General Kofi Annan

Workshops in South Africa promoted by the Academy of

Sciences and Government, including the IAC Report and the

UN Millennium Goals (Rio + 12, Johannesburg + 2).

IAC Meeting with World Bank and Foundations, 3-4 February

Translation into Portuguese. Soon to be launched by the

Brazilian Academy of Sciences and Government.

Translation into Chinese, Arab and French (summary).

Launching?

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