Introduction to Zoology

Classification of Animals

ReviewBiology is the study of life…

So what makes something living?

All living things must:1. Made up of at cells that contains

genetic material (DNA)2. Obtain and use energy3. Grow (increase in size, mature,

develop, etc.)4. Metabolize (have a need and use for

energy)5. Respond to stimuli

That’s all fine and good, but when do we get to the animals?Zoology-__________________

Two Major Categories:Vertebrates-have a backboneInvertebrates-do not have a backboneVertebrate or Invertebrate?

Characteristics of AnimalsMulticellular (eukaryotes)

Nearly all reproduce sexually

Specialized cells/tissues/organs

Motility (ability to move)

Consumers/heterotrophs

Life Processes

1.) Locomotion:___________-can move from one location

to another on their own___________-cannot move from place to

place, but do have moving partsSessile Motile

2. Ingestion-take in food3. Digestion-chemical

breakdown of food4. Assimilation- using the

substances obtained from food and utilizing it for growth

5. Respiration-taking in O2 and breaking down glucose to release energy

Ingestion

So now that we’ve got all these animals, how do we make sense of it all?

TAXONOMY!Taxonomy-Science of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name.

Linnaean Classification SystemCreated by Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778)

Before Linnaeus, organisms were classified based on their type of locomotion and physical characteristicsProblem? Names were too long, and people

describe things differently.Rosa sylvestris inodora seu canina Rosa sylvestris alba cum rubore, folio glabro

Rosa canina

Utilizes binomial nomenclature- a twoname system (genus and species)_________________________________

Ex: Homo sapiens

Scientific NameFirst name is _______; second name is ________

3 Rules For Scientific Name1. Italicized or underlined2. Genus name is Capitalized3. Species name is lower-case

Example: Tursiops truncatus

The Modern Classification System7 Taxa:

KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies

KingsPlay ChessOn FatGirl’sStomach

Kingdom _____________Has 7 Major Phyla

PoriferaCnidariaAnnelidaMolluscaArthropodaEchinodermataChordata

ANIMALIA!!

Phylum PoriferaPorifera- “pore bearer”_______________Simplest of all animalsFilter feedersNo true tissues or organs

Phylum _________________Includes hydras, sea anemones, jelly fish, and

coralHave stinging cells for defense and prey

captureSimple body plan (gastrovascular body cavity

with one opening)

CNIDARIA

Phylum _______________Annelid- “little ring”Includes marine worms, earthworms, leechesCute Segmented Bodies

ANNELIDA

Phylum ______________Includes snails, octopusses, squids, clams,

mussels, conchs, etc.Soft BodiedHave a mantle lining the shell

MOLLUSCA

Phylum __________ “jointed foot”Most diverse groupMost numerousHave an exoskeleton (outer hard covering is

their skeleton)

arthropoda

Phylum ___________________Includes sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars,

and brittle stars.Radially symmetricalPosess a water vascular system- fluid filled

channels that function in gas exchange, locomotion and feeding.

echinodermata

PhylumCharacterized by the presence of a vertebral

column

FishAmphibiansReptilesBirdsMammals