Introduction to Windows Server 2003,

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Objectives

• Identify the key features of each platform that makes up the Windows Server 2003 family

• Understand the advantages of using Windows XP Professional on a Windows Server 2003 Network

• Understand the features of Windows Server 2003 that make it an ideal server operating system

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Objectives

• Plan a Windows Server 2003 networking model

• Understand the protocols best suited for Windows Server 2003

• Implement TCP/IP in Windows Server 2003

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Windows Server 2003 Platforms

• Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition– For the everyday needs of small to large businesses

• Windows Server 2003, Web Edition– For hosting and deploying Web services and

applications

• Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition– For networks requiring high-end servers and a high

level of productivity

• Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition– For environments with critical applications, very large

databases, and a high level of information access

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Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition• File and print services

• Secure Internet connectivity

• Centralized management of network resources

• Supports up to two processors on an SMP computer

• Can utilize up to 4 GB of RAM

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Windows Server 2003, Web Edition

• Supports up to two processors

• Can utilize up to 2 GB of RAM

• Optimized to run Microsoft Internet Information Services 6.0

• Cannot manage network resources via hosting Active Directory

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Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition• Supports up to eight processors• Supports up to 32 GB for x86 computers

and up to 64 GB for Itanium computers• Enables clustering of up to eight computer

nodes• Supports hot-add memory• Provides Non-Uniform Memory Access

(NUMA) and Microsoft Metadirectory Services

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Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition• Support eight to 32 processors

• Eight-node clustering capacity

• Can utilize 64 GB for x86 computers and 128 GB for Itanium processors

• Supports hot-add memory

• Designed for large database applications

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What’s R2?

• New version

• Benefits:– Simplified Branch Server Management – Improved Identity and Access Management – Reduced Storage Management Costs – Rich Web Platform – Seamless UNIX/Windows Interoperability – Etc....

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Windows XP Professional

• A client is a computer that accesses resources on another computer.

• A workstation is a computer with its own CPU.• XP Professional is the client workstation most

compatible with Windows Server 2003.– Achieves a lower total cost of ownership (TCO) than

other operating systems– Features automatic installation and configuration

controlled by Windows Server 2003 – Compatible with Active Directory, a management

database

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Windows Server 2003 Features

• Centralized administration and management of resources

• Security

• Scalability and compatibility

• Reliability and distributability

• Fault tolerance and recovery

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Centralized Administration and Management of Resources• Active Directory service manages network

resources.

• Objects stored in Active Directory are easily accessible to all users.

• Objects are grouped into units, domains, trees, forests, and sites.

• Remote system administration through one central location

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Security

• File and folder permissions

• Security policies

• Encryption and authentication

• Event auditing

• Server management and monitoring tools

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Scalability and Compatibility

• Scales to multiple processors

• Supports multiple user connections– Up to 15,000 in the Standard Edition

• Compatible with many different operating systems and platforms– IBM, Novell, UNIX, Linux, Banyan, DEC,

Macintosh

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Reliability

• Kernel runs in privileged mode• Legacy applications run within a virtual DOS

machine• Multitasking support

– Ability to run multiple programs at the same time– Preemptive multitasking separates each program’s

memory areas

• Multithreading support– Ability to run several program code blocks at the

same time

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Distributability

• Divides computer functions across many computers

• Uses the Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM)– Software components can communicate over

a network.– Software applications can be integrated

across several computers.

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Fault Tolerance and Recovery

• Recovery from hard disk failure through RAID

• Protection from data loss through backup

• Recovery from system configuration errors

• Protection from power outages

• Advanced warning about system and hardware problems

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Planning a Windows Server 2003 Networking Model• Networks are communications systems linking

computers and their resources.– Physically connected by cables or wireless devices– Can be local or worldwide

• Windows Server 2003 implements two types of networks.– Peer-to-peer networking spreads administration

among all members. – Server-based networking centralizes the network

administration.

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Peer-to-peer Networking

• Designed for ten or less workstations• Only moderate network security

– Users manage their own account information.

• No centralized storage of information• No centralized administration control

– Lack of management for users and critical files– Inability to centrally back up important files

• Slower response times when sharing resources

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Server-based Networking

• Users log in once to access resources.

• Stronger security because of server management

• Shared files by members

• Shared printers and other resources

• E-mail capability through an e-mail server

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Server-Based Networking (cont.)

• Applications stored in a central location

• Backups scheduled and performed from a central location

• Shared resources can reflect the work patterns of subgroups.

• More efficient software upgrades

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Protocols for the Windows Server 2003 Networking Model• A protocol is a set of communication guidelines

for the following:– Formatting data into packets and frames– Transmitting packets and frames across networks– Interpreting packets and frames at the receiving end

• The Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite is most widely used.– Used for Internet communication– Designed as an open standard– Connects computers running almost any OS

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Transmission Control Protocol

• Provides connection-oriented communication– Ensures that packets are delivered in the right

sequence and with the right contents

• Controls data flow based on network traffic• Listens for communications requests and

establishes sessions• Handles transmitting and receiving data• Closes transmission sessions

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Internet Protocol

• Provides network addressing

• Routes data over different networks– A router reads IP addresses and forwards

packets to the appropriate network.

• Handles fragmented packets

• Connectionless– Relies on TCP to provide connection-oriented

communication

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IP Addresses

• 32-bits long, with four fields of decimal values representing 8-bit binary octets– Example: 10000001.00000101.00001010.01100100

converts to 129.5.10.100 in decimal format

• Divided into a network identifier and a host identifier, depending on the following factors:– LAN size – Whether the LAN is divided into smaller networks– The transmission type

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IP Addresses (cont.)

• Types of transmission – Unicast: Sent from a server to each requesting client – Multicast: Sent once from the server and reaching all

requesting clients– Broadcast: Sent to all points in a network

• Subnet masks– Show the class of address– Divide a network into subnetworks– Example: Subnet mask for class A addresses:

255.0.0.0

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IP Address Considerations

• 127.0.0.0 cannot be used for any network.

• 127.0.0.1 is the loopback address.

• Certain addresses are reserved for private network use (see Table 1-2).

• Network numbers cannot be assigned to a computer.

• The highest number on a network is reserved for broadcast messages.

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Static and Dynamic Addressing

• Static addressing assigns a permanent, unique address to a workstation.– Gives the administrator direct control– Useful for monitoring the network– Database is needed to keep track of the IP addresses

• Dynamic addressing assigns an IP address to a computer each time it logs on.– Leased for a defined period of time– Uses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

(DHCP)

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Default Gateway

• IP address of the network router that connect to other networks

• Used when the destination computer is on another network

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Name Resolution

• Computers are usually referred to by name rather than IP address.

• TCP/IP only uses IP addresses for connections. • NetBIOS names are used on older Windows-

based systems.– Use Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) or

LMHosts files for resolution.

• Host names are used for computers on networks that use the Domain Name System (DNS).– Use Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS) for

resolution.

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Physical Addresses and the Address Resolution Protocol• Each workstation has a physical address

associated with its network interface card (NIC).• The physical address is called the media access

control (MAC) address.• TCP/IP relies on both the IP and MAC address.• Addresses are obtained using the Address

Resolution Protocol (ARP).– The ARP cache contains recently resolved and static

MAC addresses.– ARP sends a packet requesting the MAC address if it

is not in the cache.

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Implementing TCP/IP in Windows Server 2003• Installed by default in Windows Server 2003• Can also be installed like any other protocol

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Configuring TCP/IP

• Decide on static or dynamic addressing.• Use static addressing for routers, servers,

and to track network problems.• Static addressing can be done manually,

but is error prone.• Windows Server 2003 supports automatic

addressing.– Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)– Dynamic addressing using a DHCP server

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Automatic Private IP Addressing

• Select the “Obtain an IP address automatically” option in the Protocol Properties box.

• If there is no DHCP server, an IP address in the range of 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 is assigned.

• The computer can only communicate with others on the same network that are automatically configured.

• Disable automatic configuration through the registry, but use caution.

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Dynamic Addressing through a DHCP Server• Install and configure a DHCP server.• DHCP saves administrative effort by assigning

the following:– IP address– Subnet mask– Default gateway– DNS server

• Select “Obtain an IP address automatically” in the Protocol Properties box.

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Summary

• The Windows Server 2003 platforms– Standard Edition– Web Edition– Enterprise Edition– Datacenter Edition

• Windows Server 2003 features – Scalable– Efficient

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Summary

• Two types of networking models– Peer-to-peer– Server-based

• TCP/IP – Default protocol installed with Windows Server 2003 – Required by Active Directory– Suite of protocols and utilities– Enables communication across local and wide area

networks

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Summary

• IP addressing– Unique address for each computer– Consists of a network identifier and a host

identifier– Has an associated subnet mask

• IP address configuration– Static– Automatic using APIPA or dynamic

addressing through DHCP