Introduction to Waste Management Systems in Japan

Toyohashi University of TechnologyToyohashi University of TechnologyToyohashi University of TechnologyToyohashi University of Technology

Department of Environmental and Life ScienceDepartment of Environmental and Life ScienceDepartment of Environmental and Life ScienceDepartment of Environmental and Life Science

Aichi, JAPANAichi, JAPANAichi, JAPANAichi, JAPAN

Hiroyuki DaimonHiroyuki DaimonHiroyuki DaimonHiroyuki Daimon

daimon@ens.tut.ac.jp

Biomass Town Training in JapanBiomass Town Training in JapanBiomass Town Training in JapanBiomass Town Training in Japan ２０１１２０１１２０１１２０１１....２２２２....２８＠２８＠２８＠２８＠GlobizGlobizGlobizGlobiz, Tokyo, Tokyo, Tokyo, Tokyo

●●●●Supercritical TechnologySupercritical TechnologySupercritical TechnologySupercritical Technology

●●●●Development and Assessment of Recycling TechnologyDevelopment and Assessment of Recycling TechnologyDevelopment and Assessment of Recycling TechnologyDevelopment and Assessment of Recycling Technology

●●●●Biomass Town and Eco TownBiomass Town and Eco TownBiomass Town and Eco TownBiomass Town and Eco Town

●●●●Biomass Utilization in IndonesiaBiomass Utilization in IndonesiaBiomass Utilization in IndonesiaBiomass Utilization in Indonesia

Waste Management Concept in JAPANWaste Management Concept in JAPAN

Waste management:CollectionTransportProcessingRecyclingDisposal

Reduce the negative impacts waste has on environment and society.

Reduce the negative impacts waste has on environment and society.

Methods of Waste Management:

Disposal Methods

• Incineration

• Land fills

Recycling Methods

• Biological reprocessing (C and M)

• Energy recovery

i) Pyrolysis

ii) Gasification

Waste Classification:Industrial � Enterprise is responsible for

treating it.

Municipal � Municipalities are responsible for management

Attention!!!

Biomass M

Biomass I

Efficiency?

Food waste (I and M), Leaf and Wood (I)Sludge (I and M jokaso)

Recycling -oriented Society

Transformation into a Recycling-oriented Society:•Reduction of natural resource

consumption and waste generation

•Minimization of environmental risks in the process of waste treatment

Transformation into a Recycling-oriented Society:•Reduction of natural resource

consumption and waste generation

•Minimization of environmental risks in the process of waste treatment

Waste Management Hierarchy under the Fundamental Law:1. Source reduction or waste prevention2. Re-use3. Recycling4. Energy recovery5. Appropriate disposal

Waste Management Hierarchy under the Fundamental Law:1. Source reduction or waste prevention2. Re-use3. Recycling4. Energy recovery5. Appropriate disposal

General Law Concerning the Dissemination of the 3R

� Reduce the generation of sub-

products in the production process.

� Adopt Zero Emission measures;

Collection and recycling of used

products.

� Reduce the generation of sub-

products in the production process.

� Adopt Zero Emission measures;

Collection and recycling of used

products.

Considering Recycling (Cascade Utilization)

Amount

Quality（（（（Separation ））））

High value materialNote) Factor in

●●●●Organic and inorganic●●●●Location●●●●Scale●●●●Social status●●●●Self-sufficient ・・・・

Recycling society●●●●Oil price●●●●Low carbon society●●●●Others ・・・・・・・・・・・・

※※※※Image

High

Low

Few A lot

Fuel

Human food

Horizontal use ・・・・Composite

Pet food

Feed

Compost ・・・・ Fertilizer

Building material

a.Plantation・・・・Forestry●●●●Development of high performance forestry machines introduced●●●●rediscovery of non - timber forest products●●●●Plantation conversion

e.e.e.e.Agriculture Engineering

●●●●Cellulose feed ●●●●Bark compost

a.Biofuela.Biofuela.Biofuela.Biofuel productionproductionproductionproduction●●●●Bioethanol from wood

c.c.c.c.Hydrothermal treatment of waste

●●●●Methane fermentation ●●●●Burning

●●●●Hydrogen fermentation

Forest resource base in Aichi and

creation of a recycling society

【【【【１１１１】】】】 BiomassAdvanced technology available

「「「「Natural Wisdom」」」」alive

Activation of primary industry, environmental and mountains protection

「「「「Natural Wisdom」」」」alive

Activation of primary industry, environmental and mountains protection

【【【【2】】】】Next generation tool for forest management and forestry support

d.d.d.d.MixedMixedMixedMixed combustioncombustioncombustioncombustion●●●●CO

2emissions ●●●●Mixed catalyst

a. a. a. a. Evaluation of environment and biodiversity●●●●CO2absorbtion ・・・・fixation ●●●● Landslide prevention ●●●●Water conservation ●●●●shoreline ・・・・

beach sands ・・・・fishery conservation●●●●Biodiversity conservation

b.b.b.b.Economic system

evaluation

●●●●CDM national practice●●●●Eco-economy

c.Infrastucturec.Infrastucturec.Infrastucturec.Infrastucture and network formationand network formationand network formationand network formation●●●●Core of various group ●●●●Information dispatch base ●●●●Entire summary

Low-carbon society through cooperation in different fields and industries

【【【【３３３３】】】】 Evaluation of sustainable society base on forest

Com

plex regional resource recovery plan(2) Effective utilization development of unused bio mass resources

b.Forestry activity●●●●Human resources . Employment●●●●Recreation and ecotourism●●●●Business Development Citizen Participation

●●●●Fiber ●●●●Plastic ●●●●New material

b.Biorefineryb.Biorefineryb.Biorefineryb.Biorefinery

Effect of material properties and liquid introduced to methane fermentation on liquid fertilizer utilization ＞＞＞＞＞＞＞＞＞＞＞＞ Biomass town concept

Abandoned farmland

Sorghum cultivationSorghum cultivation

A large number of cow manure

Manure 10～～～～30kg/day/cowUrine 6～～～～20kg/day/cow

Livestock feed

Methane fermentation

✔✔✔✔Wastewater treatment costs

Digested wastewater Problem

Chita Biomass utilization project year 2010

Used as liquid

fertilizer

Milk

cow

Food wasteEthanol

production

✔✔✔✔ Manure surplus✔✔✔✔ Odor problem✔✔✔✔ Water

contamination ？？？？

Chita Hantou Goichigo region fiscal year 2011Livestock, Bio-oil,Bamboo and pruning branches,Sludge and garbage, Bank group

Sewage treatment

Methane fermentation

Fertilizer

Fuel conversion

Purification

Drying

Carbonization

★Discharge

★Power★Car fuel★Pretreatment

fuel

★Home garden★Phosphorus

recovery

★Municipal wasteIncinerator

Treated water

Biogas

High fertilizer

Carbonized fuel

Wastewater

A waste-based business

Human wasteSeptic tank sludge

Volume reduction

Pruned branches

Center for biomass compound utilization and waste wat er treatment (My plan)

○Domestic waste project

○Industrial waste

○Households garbage

○Pruning branches and grass

○Septic tank sewage sludge

○Sewage sludge

Plastic waste

Biomass

Survey ・・・・Social research

Carbonization

Pretreatment ・・・・Bio-gasification

Drying of liquid feed

Compost ・・・・Fertilizer conversion (drying)

Pig

Power ・・・・Truck fuel

FertilizerField

Carbonized fuel

Fuel material

Sewage plant

Digested waste

Biogas

Compost

Cleaning

Waste heat utilization

First precipitated sludge

Waste sludge

Recycling Center

Utilization of biomass from sewage sludge to produce high quality fertilizer

Composting

Material recycle

Fuel conversion

Dry feed conversion

Crop farmers

Dry feed

The resource conversion center which utilizes incinerato r exhaust heat

Org

anic

sou

rces

Plastic waste washing machine

Hot water(Hot

fermentation)

High

Low Fra

ctio

nal p

reci

sion

Liquid feed

2010.8.2

Steam

Cattle farm

Energy Plant（（（（Incenerator ））））

Food retailing

Fish company

Restaurant

Farm houseAerobic system

or

Vacuum dry process Fracture

bag separation

Difficulty of use

Warm water ultrasonic washing system

Cow manure

Compost

Agricultural plastic waste type

Resource recovery recycle support data base

○○○○ Effect of separation emitted by factories (reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increase recycling rate) presented i n a number○○○○Construction support of food recycling loop ○○○○Production conditions Recycling Technology, a compo nent of

a product display

Quality Management○○○○Regular analysis of compost and manure nutrients

ingredients in feed○○○○Simple and accurate quality check of the compost by

microbial community structure analysis

Container and packaging plastic waste

Agricultural residu

Pig feed ：☆：☆：☆：☆Solid content ①①①① for, Moisture ③③③③ intake★★★★Variety of subjects. But ….

High-quality organic resources liquid feeding conversio n by hydrothermal reaction cycle

Establishing an Environmental Recycling-based Socie ty research Project FY 2007 - 2009

Dry Feed Dry feed from liquid feed

By professionalLiquid feedFermentation feed

An organic resource recycling1Liquid Feedorganic resource recycling2Liquid FeedEco-Feed

Hydrothermal reaction

High quality liquid feed conversion

(Less than 200 oC)

Dry feed

Total available ・Recycling society ・Local production for local consumption ・

Increased self-sufficiency ・Only one technology ・Japan meat

Material1

Material2

Material3

Existing Technology

(such as lactic acid fermentation)

Technology apply(Hydrothermal

treatment)

…

�Validation hydrothermal advantage�High value-added liquid feed �Network construction and FS

investigation

【【【【Purpose of this study 】】】】

Object

Expanding the scope of the material

Material1

Material2

Material3

Material4

Material5

① Reduce processing costsDrying after-treatment is unnecessary Decrease of manure discharge quantity

② Quality Improvement of FeedImprove meat qualityImproved feed efficiencyShortening Fattening period Disease decrease (sinusitis)Odor abatement

～Expected social effects ～

① Construction of a recycling society

Effective waste utilization

Promotion of the Food Recycling system

Livestock manure emissions reduction

② Activation of domestic pig industry

Improvement of food self-sufficiency

Food Manufacturing Brands

③ Creation of innovation

Regional revitalization

Development of eco-life

Innovation and expected social benefit ～Purpose～～Promising technological innovation～

～Technological innovation by hydrothermal reaction～

★ Expansion of raw material★ Improvement of digestion

and absorption ★ Effective use of phosphorus ★ Sterilization effect ★ Quality stabilization ★ Feed conversion for cow

Construction of energyrecycling

Oil Palm

Crude Palm Oil

POME

More efficient anaerobic digestion process

Palm oil factory

CH4

Energy

Ener

gyE

missions

Trea

tmen

t

Products

Material

Liquid fertilizer

High concentrations

of water

Research Overview

Biogas

2/12

Production: World No. 1

Palm oil production process

Palm oil（（（（1ton））））Palm oil（（（（1ton））））

Oily water separatorOily water separator

Fruit Seed

SteamSteam

Crushing, GrindingCrushing, Grinding

ClarificationClarification

Drying, purificationDrying, purification

Fruit removalFruit removal

CPO※※※※（（（（0.22t））））CPO※※※※（（（（0.22t））））

POME（（（（0.84m3））））

POME（（（（0.84m3））））

※CPO：Crude Palm Oil

Emission at high temperature

TS (mg/L)

CODCr (mg/L)36000

44000

2/12

Summary (in JAPAN?)

� Out put � Amount and Quality� Material and Energy Balance� Complex System� Cooperation� Sustainability ・・・・ Flexibility�Waste Treatment Enterprise� Purpose