Introduction toTRIZ

Educational trainingPart 2

Defining the OpportunitiesTo formulate Opportunities we use the following control questions and templates:

Question: What functions do we want to maximize?Opportunity: Find a way to improve the useful function.

Question: What functions do we want to minimize?Opportunity: Find a way to counteract the harmful function.

Question: What contradiction do we have if try to apply a known solution?Opportunity: Resolve the contradiction: Contradictory Function should produce a useful result, and should not produce a harmful result.

Select Opportunities for Guided Brainstorming

Guided Brainstorming Process

Transform a challenge into a well defined inventive problem

Define opportunities and generate preliminary ideas

Evaluate ideas and develop solution concept

Develop Concepts

SolutionChallenge

and Problem

Steps 4: Generate Ideas

Define Objectives

Formulate Opportunities

Generate Ideas

Inventive Principles

Patents(worldwide)

2,000,000

Inventive Principles

60

• The same inventive principles have been used over and over again.

• The screening of more than two million patents has yielded 60 principles incorporated in our method.

Inventive Principle “Integrate”Consolidate two or more systems for a synergistic effect (1 + 1 = 3 rule)

How Inventive Principles Work

Trialand

errorapproac

h

Problem Solution

3x2+5x+2=0 x=-1,-2/3

Abstract Problem Abstract Solution

ax2+bx+c=0 -b±√b2 - 4ac 2a

x=

?

How Inventive Principles Work

Inventive Principle

Real World Problem Real World Solution

Conduct sequential functions simultaneously

Problem Solution

Trial and errorapproach

Where place

separator?

Combine separation

and transportation

Applying Inventive Principles

Applying two inventive principles (Partitioning and Integration) to improve

the design of an ax.

1.Create a series of mental images of change. Simply imagine that the Inventive Principle implemented.

2.Write down all ideas.

3.If one mental image of change doesn’t work, then apply additional inventive principles to form hybrid images.

Software – one click access

The Same Principles

Basic directions to new Ideas

Change Outcome (Vision)(How it’s used)

Mobilize Resources(What it takes)

Change Functioning (How it works)

Mobilize Resources

System

Substances – all of the materials and elements in the system and its surroundings

Space – free, unoccupied space in the system and its surroundings

• There are more resources than you might realize at first.• The most creative solutions use resources that are already in the system.

Information – knowledge about the system which can be obtained though interaction with fields and substances

Energy – any type of energy, action or force available within the system or its environment

Time – time intervals before, after and between cycles of the process which are available for use

Mobilize Resources

Electrical heater example

Air

What resources are available in this system?Majority of people: Copper wire, air, voltage, current

“Ready” Resources

CopperContaminatesTypeAmountDiameterLengthShape of WireAmountForm of signal (A/C)FrequencyAmountForm of signal (A/C)FrequencyHydrogenOxygenNitrogenPressureTemperatureSpeed

Mobilize Resources

Resistance

Magnetic Field

Oxidation

Moisture

Cooling/Heat Dissipation

Wire

Current

Voltage

Air

“Derived” Resources

There are more resources than you might realize at first.

Fishing Boats: Iced, Capsized, Sunk

Resource Needed to Remove Ice

Mobilize Resources

Saving the Fishing Boats: Customer Reaction

1. Watering the boat? Nonsense! Water is our main enemy!

2. Too simple – somebody would have suggested it long ago!

3. Let’s test it! Very strange . . . but it works ! ! !

4. Simplest implementation – paragraph added to safety instruction manual

How to measure the length of a poisonous snake?

Change Functioning

Logs transported must be measured to calculate volumes.

Photographs are taken and measuring the images.

Buildings near the Arctic Circle constructed on piles. The positions of the piles must be measured.

Photographs are taken and measure the images.

Inventive Principle - Use a Model

Change Functioning

Change Functioning

We can employ the inventive principle Use a Model or Copy. Take a photograph of the snakes and measure them with a curvemeter to calculate the actual length.

Pump Ball Valve

Valve travel stop

Ball

Metal waste from stamping process is about 82%

Change Functioning

Change Functioning

Inventive principle: Exclude

Change Outcome (Vision)

• Coring bell peppers• Shelling sunflower seeds• Start the engine• Splitting diamonds

Intensify by Concentrating Resources

Change Outcome (Vision)

Apply the Inventive Principle “Intensify” to “Unwrap ball bearings”

Unwrapping Ball Bearings

Resolve the contradiction by separating contradictory requirements:

• Separate in Space• Separate in Time• Separate in Structure• Separate on Conditions

Resolving Contradictions

Useful Function

Useful Result

Harmful result

Useful Function

Useful Result

Harmful result

State 1

State 2

Resolve the Contradiction

The lower part of the lens serves for reading; the upper part provides correction for long-distance vision

Separation in Space: A function should be in one place and should not be in another

Resolve the Contradiction

The airplane wings can extend to provide large area for landing, and retract for high-speed flight

Separation in Time: A function should be during one time and should not be during another

Resolve the Contradiction

A bicycle chain is made up of multiple rigid components, yet is flexible overall

Separation in Structure: A function should be at the system level and should not be at the component level (or vice versa)

Resolve the Contradiction

A light-sensitive circuit is open in the presence of light and closed in the dark

Separation on Condition: A function should be under one condition and should not be under another

Contradiction

The Boeing 737 required bigger engines with more air flow. This can be achieved by increasing the diameter of the engine. But a larger air intake would reduce the ground clearance.

Larger enginediameter

Increases air intake

Decreases groundclearance

Resolve the Contradiction

Separate contradictory requirements in space by the Inventive Principle “Different locations.” - Separate the function into two states and assign them to different locations.

Asymmetric tire have the outer sidewall thicker than the inner sidewall. This increases the strength where necessary, while saving weight and material.

When tire rub against a curb, the sidewall become damaged.

Resolve the contradiction: Thick tire should produce protect from damage, and should not produce expensive and heavy tires.

Resolve the Contradiction

Resolve the contradiction: Lager engine diameter should produce Increases air intake, and should not produce Decreases ground clearance.

Separate in Space by the Inventive Principle “Different locations”

Idea: make the radius of the air intake large in one direction

Inventive Principles Work Together

Preliminary action + Counteract

Preliminary Counteraction + Localize

Local preliminary counteraction

Rescuing a Ship

Resolve the Contradiction: Strong water flow should produce Ship is rescued fast and should not produce Recoil pushes diver away.

Rescuing a Ship Stranded on a Sand Bar

Rescuing a Ship

Ideal vision: monitor itself compensates for recoilEnergy resource - excessive water pressureIntegrate - connect a second monitor in the opposite direction to compensate for the recoilExclude - second monitor, but complete the function “compensate recoil” by a water streamSolution - make a hole in back of the existing monitor