introduction to the civil war 1861-1865
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Introduction to the Civil War 1861-1865. Kyle Woodward Old KY Home Middle School Bardstown, KY. The regimental colors of the 19th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment were damaged in battle during the American Civil War. The Civil War. Who was involved? . #1 The Confederate States of America. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Introduction to the Civil War
1861-1865
The regimental colors of the 19th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment were damaged in battle during
the American Civil War.
Kyle WoodwardOld KY Home Middle SchoolBardstown, KY
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The Civil War
Who was involved? #1 The Confederate States of America
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The Civil War
Who was involved? #2 The Union (Free States & Territories)
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The Civil War
Who was involved? #3 The Border States
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The Civil War
Why were the Border States so important?
• Important geographically
Why were the Border States so unusual?
• Slave states that stayed with the Union
“I hope to have God on my side but I have to have Kentucky” -- Abraham Lincoln
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The Civil War
How did they fight? Total War - organisation of all the resources (people and products) of a country towards the war effort
• The resources of enemy civilians are fair targets in total war (ex. Farms, food, etc)
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Thinking Question:
(Don’t write! Just think!)
Are governments ever justified in targeting civilians (non-soldiers) in wartime?
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Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
• Population: 22 million
• 4 million men of combat age
South
• Population: 9 million
• 1.2 million men of fighting age
• 3.5 million slaves
North has the advantage in population
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Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
• Economy:100,000 Factories
• 70,000 miles of Railroad
• $190,000 in bank deposits
South
• Economy: 20,000 factories
• 9,000 miles of Railroad
• $50,000 in bank deposits
North has the advantage in industrial power
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Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
• Armed Forces:mostly drafted soldiers with overly cautious officers
• More soldiers
• African Americans - 10% of Union forces
• Strong navy
South
• Armed Forces: better trained soldiers & better leadership
• No real navy
North has the advantage in # of soldiers, but South in the quality of
soldiers & generals
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Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
• Government - Strong well-established government
South
Government - Weak government, most power given to states
North has a stronger government, better able to direct resources (people & products)
towards the war
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Advantages and Disadvantages:
North
• Motivation: Preserve the union
• Later - free the slaves
South
• Motivation: Preserve way of life
Who has the advantage in motivation? You decide.
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Goals:
North
Anaconda Plan
1. Blockade the South
2. Divide - Split the Confederacy by gianing control of the Mississippi River
3. Conquer - remaining parts
South
1. Defend existing territory
2. Gain recognition of Confederacy as independent nation
Whose goals would be easier to reach?
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Leaders:
Abraham Lincoln:
“A House divided against itself cannot stand” -- A. Lincoln
• Little political experience (served 1 term in the House of Representatives)• Strong reputation for honesty, temperance, jokes and storytelling
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Leaders:
Jefferson Davies:
“All we ask is to be left alone” -- J. Davies
• West Point graduate, Colonel in Mexican-American war, Secretary of war, & Senator from Miss.
Who has the advantage in leadership?
• Not a popular president, especially with big fans of state’s rights
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Northern Commanders
George McClellan
A. E. Burnside
Joseph Hooker
George G. Meade
Irwin McDowell
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Northern Commanders
Ulysses S. Grant
-- “When in doubt, fight” U.S. Grant
• Son of an Ohio tailor & drunken failure until the Civil War
• Reputation for boldness, resourcefulness, &persistance
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Southern Commander
Robert E. Lee
“It is a good thing war is so terrible; else we should grow too fond of it” -- R.E. Lee
Who has the advantage in Commanders?
• Offered command of Union armies
• Brilliant southern gentleman from one of country’s oldest families
• Family plantation occupied early in the war and turned into Arlington National Cemetary
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Thinking Questions:
(Don’t write: Just think!)
Is it more important to have strong generals or strong civilian leadership in a war?
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So how did it begin?
Fort Sumter:Where?
• Fort Sumter lies in the harbor of Charleston, S.C.
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So how did it begin?
Fort Sumter:Why?
• When Lincoln enters office, fort is running out of food
What? • Lincoln can either defend the fort
and risk war or abandon it and look weak in the eyes of the South
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So how did it begin?
Fort Sumter:So..
. • Lincoln sends unarmed vessel with food, giving the governor of S.C. plenty of warning
• S.C. attacks anyway and Lincoln asks for Northern volunteers
• This attack on the Union probably helps him keep many of the border states