introduction to renewable energy - cap 1
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RENEWABLE ENERGIES
2023284
Period: 2015-1I
Introduction to Renewable Energy
Lecture schedule:
Introduction
Energy Worldwide
Environmental and global problems
regarding energy production
Overview of traditional energy sources Review of renewable energy systems
Pros and cons of alternative energy
processes
Introduction to Ren. Systems Dr.-Ing. Carlos Andrés Forero August 24, 2015 2
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Remarkable things to think about
Where and when do we need energy?
Could we live without energy?
Which types of energy do you know?
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Humanity´s top ten problems forthe next 50 years
Democracy
Disease
Education
Energy
Environment
Food
Population
Poverty
Terrorism & War
Water
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1. Energy
2. Water
3. Food
4. Environment
5. Poverty
6. Terrorism
7. Disease
8. Education
9. Democracy
10. Population
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Population growth
Population growth is increasing theenergy demand worldwide
Introduction to Ren. Systems Carlos Andrés Forero August 24, 2015 5
Population growth
Population growth is increasing the
energy demand worldwide
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Population growth
Population growth is increasing theenergy demand worldwide
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Population growth
Population growth is increasing the
energy demand worldwide
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Population growth
Population growth is increasing theenergy demand worldwide
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Population growth
Population growth is increasing the
energy demand worldwide
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Population growth
Population growth is increasing theenergy demand worldwide
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Energy consumption
Population growth affects the energy
demand worldwide
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Source: IEA, 2012
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Energy consumption
Likewise, electricity consumption rose up.
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Source: IEA, 2012
Energy flow at different scenarios
How do we use energy worldwide?
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Source: www.iea.org
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Energy flow at different scenarios
How is the energy flow in Brazil?
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Source: www.iea.org
Energy flow at different scenarios
In Sweden
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Source: www.iea.org
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Energy flow at different scenarios
In Colombia
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Source: www.iea.org
Anthropogenic effects on theenvironmentFossil fuels are so important to our life, buttheir combustion causes…
Greenhouse gas emissions
Global warming
Acid rains
Unsafe drinking water
Hazardous / solid waste disposal
Loss of plants and animal species
Ocean Acidification
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Global Warming
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Greenhouse Gases
Species SourcesResidence
Time (yr)GWP % Contribution
Water vaporNatural processes;
HC Combustion---
CO2Natural processes;
HC Combustion50 – 200 1 56
CH4Organic decay;
HC Combustion12 21 18
O3 Natural Processes 7
N2O
Microbial processes;
Agriculture
Waste & sewage
treatment
HC Combustion
120 310 6
CFC´s & HCFC´s Anthropogenic 60 – 10000 1000-10000 13
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CO2 emissions
CO2 emissions could not be neglected
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Source: IEA, 2012
Energy consumption and CO2production
Please check this video at least once
Video
Introduction to Ren. Systems Dr.-Ing. Carlos Andrés Forero August 24, 2015 22
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-0nOo5hYcMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-0nOo5hYcMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-0nOo5hYcM
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Considering these problems, we must develop
different technologies capable of harnessingrenewable sources and producing clean
sustainable energy
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Renewable energy sources:
◦ Are available faster than fossil fuels, and their
consumption rate is slower than their production rate
Clean systems:
◦ Do not produce environmental assessment or
hazardous wastes
Uncommon or alternative sources:
◦ Depend upon the location, because something
common here can result uncommon in other country.
Basic concepts
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Sustainable development:
Some definitions:
◦ “Meeting the need of the present generations without
compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their needs” Brundtland, 1987
◦ “Process of change in which the exploitation of
resources, the direction of investments, the orientation
of technical development, and institutional change are
all in harmony and enhance both current and future
potential to meet human needs and aspirations”
Basic concepts
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Renewable energy resources organized by the
main source
Renewable energy resources
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Renewablesources
Solar radiation
Solar power
Wind power
Biomass
Hydropower
Wave energy
Ocean Thermalgradient
Gravitationaleffect
Tidal energy
Thermalgradient
Geothermal
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These resources have a so valuable potential
Renewable energy
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Renewable energy share of global final energy
consumption, 2011
Renewables into the energy market
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Source: REN21, 2013
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Renewable energy share of global final electricityproduction, 2010
Renewables into the energy market
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Source: REN21, 2013
Renewable energy installed capacity
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Added during 2012 Existing at end of 2012
Power Generation (GW)
Hydropower 30 990
Wind power 45 283
Biomass power 9 83
Solar PV 29 100
Geothermal Power 0,3 11,7
Concentrating Solar Power 1 2,5
Ocean Power 0 0,5
Hot water/Heating (GWth)
Modern Biomass Heating 3 293
Solar collectors for heating 32 255
Geothermal heating 8 66
Transport fuels (Billion liters/year)
Biodiesel production 0,1 22,5
Ethanol production -1,1 83,1
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Annual global new investment slightly decreased,but, however, the trend moves upwards
Renewable energy
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Some causes of this decrease:
• International economic cr isis
• Uncertain policy environments
• Declining policy support
Source: REN21, 2013
Nevertheless, there are some policies which
promote the use of renewable energy systems,
e.g.:
- 20,20,20 policy
- Feed in tariffs (FIT´s)- Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPSs)
- New building codes and standards
In Colombia: PROURE and Proyecto de ley 278 de 2013
(3,5 to 6,5 renewable in SIN 2015-2020)
Renewable energy
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Scenarios up to 2050
Renewable energy
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Source: REN21, 2013
OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
SYSTEMS
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It provides about 20% of the world electricity.In the developing countries, proportion rises
up to 40%
Hydropower
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The amount of solar energy incident on the
Earth is equivalent to 160 times the energy
stored in the world´s proven reserves of fossil
fuels
From these sources, the developed systems
can produce either heat or electricity
◦ Solar thermal collectors
◦ Photovoltaic panels
Solar power
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From simple systems for water heating tocomplex power plants capable of delivering
electricity.
Solar collectors
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From simple systems for water heating to
complex power plants capable of delivering
electricity.
Solar collectors
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Devices capable of transforming solar radiationinto electrical current.
Photovoltaic systems
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External wall:
10 floor building
Wind power offers the chances of generating
electricity by using a free resource without
emitting pollutants
Wind Power
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On- or off-shore wind power systems arecommercially available.
Wind Power
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Dimensions affect the power capacity; bigger
systems transform more energy. Although, how
much can the size increase?
Wind Power
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Sustainable
processes
Biomass
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Wide variety of processes
Biomass
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Geothermal power results from heat stored inrocks by Earth´s natural heat flow
Geothermal energy
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Feasibility depends upon the location
Geothermal energy
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Worldwide geothermal temperature levels
Depth in the layer with dT=170 K
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Some plants operate near the boundariesbetween tectonic plates, and over the ring of
fire.
Geothermal energy
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In this field, we can find tidal, wave power, and
ocean thermal gradient.
Ocean power
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Pros Cons
Low emissions Cost (time dependent)
Sustainable Intermittent
Huge potential Noise (not everyone)
Free fuel Geographically dependent
Decentralized generation Low energy density
Employment (5,7 million people) New infrastructure required
New industries creation Low conversion efficiency
Pros and Cons
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Supply side Demand side
CCS Fossil fuel power generation Energy efficiency in buildings and
appliances
Nuclear power plants Heat pumps
On- and offshore wind Water heating
Biomass IGCC and co-firing Energy efficiency in transport
PV´s systems H2 fuel cell vehicles
Concentrating solar power CCS in industries
Coal: IGCC Industrial motor systems
Coal: supercritical Rural energy
Second generation biofuels More capable professionals
What do we have vs our needs
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