introduction to psyc

8/3/2019 Introduction to Psyc

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An Introduction to the stuff youwill be learning this year.


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Psychology

What is it?The study of our innerfeelings and behaviors.

Do our feelings always match our behaviors?

If you call me adumbass, I may feelsad inside.

But I willstill act

tough.(but I will becrying on theinside, so begentle).


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History of Psychology Although the science of psychology

started in the late 1800s, the concept hasbeen around a lot longer.

There was evidence of trephination(cutting holes into a skull to let evil spiritsout) back in the stone age.

It was like a bad SAW movie!!!!


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Waves of Psychology

The science of psychology has gonethrough about 5 different waves since

it started. Waves are different ways of thinking

over time.


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Wave One: IntrospectionKickin it old school

Started with William Wundts firstpsychological laboratory and his

concept of introspection(structuralism).

Then William James wrote ThePrinciples of Psychology and

discussed functionalism.

In reality these ideas do not havemuch impact on how psychologiststhink today. These guys were

considered hot, back inthe day!!!!


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Wave Two: Gestalt Psychology Led by Max Wertheimer, these guys focused not on how

we feel, but on how we experience the world. The whole of an experience can be more than the sum

of its parts.

Think for a moment of all the reasons that you love your mom.If you add all those reasons up, do they equal your love for your mom?Hopefully not!!!

This may seem likeone picture, but it can

be perceived as 3

different faces. Can

you find them?


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Wave Three: Psychoanalysis

This wave of thinking started withSigmund Freud (in the early 1900s).

In a nutshell, during this time periodpeople believed that most of yourfeelings come from a hidden place inyour mind called the unconscious.

We protect ourselves from our realfeeling by using defense mechanisms.


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Wave Four: Behaviorism During this time period (early to mid 1900s), people

started to ignore how you feel inside.

All that mattered was how you acted.

If you they could change your behavior, who careshow you feel.

Very popular during the conservative 1950s whensocial appearance mattered more than selfexpression.


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Wave Five: Eclectic

We are now in wave five.which is about variety.

Psychologists pick and choose what theories touse depending on the situation and the client.

Just like Ben 10 choosing the right alien tofight the bad guy depending the situation.


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Wave Five is made up of about 7

different perspectives.In other words, psychologists today, pick

and choose from about 7 schools ofthought to help you with your problems.

Thus we have:

THE SEVEN SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY


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Biopsychology (Neuroscience)Perspective All of your feelings and behaviors have

an organic root.

In other words, they come from your

brain, body chemistry,neurotransmitters, etc

Let us imagine for a second that your dog died

(sad but it will happen). You becomedepressed. You stop eating and sleeping.

What would a psychologist from this school say

is going on and how might they help you?


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Evolutionary Perspective

Focuses on Darwinism. We behave the way

we do because we

inherited thosebehaviors. Thus, those behaviors

must have helped

ensure our ancestorssurvival. How could this behavior ensuredHomers ancestors survival?


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Psychoanalytic Perspective

Focuses on theunconscious mind.

We repress many of

our true feelingsand are not awareof them.

In order to getbetter, we must

bring forward thetrue feelings wehave in ourunconscious.

If a man hasintimacy issues

and cannot form

relationships

with others.

What do you

think someonefrom this school

may think?

Perhaps they may

delve into the mans

unconscious anddiscover that he was

bullied when he were

younger. The bullying

may have caused fear

in getting close to

others.


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Behavioral Perspective

Focuses on observablebehaviors while puttingfeelings to the side.

We behave in waysbecause we have beenconditioned to do so.

To change behaviors,

we have to reconditionthe client.

Pretend that you

fail psychology

class. You become

depressed. In turn,

you begin to binge

and gain weight.

What do you think a

behaviorist may do?

They would probably ignore

the fact that you are

depressed and just focus on

your overeating.

Maybe make you run a mile every time you eat over 2000 calories.


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Humanist Perspective

Peaked in the late190s and 70s.so itfocused on spiritualityand free will.

We have to strive tobe the best we can beself-actualization.

Happiness is definedby the distance

between our self-concept and idealself.


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Cognitive Perspective

Focuses on how wethink (or encodeinformation)

How do we see theworld?

How did we learn to actto sad or happy events?

Cognitive Therapistattempt to change theway you think.

You meet a girl

Hopes are high!!!

She rejectsyoudont even

get digits.

How do you react to the rejection?

Some learned get back on

the horseAnd try again.

Some learned to give up

and live a lonely life ofsolitude.


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Social-Cultural Perspective

Says that much of yourbehavior and yourfeelings are dictated bythe culture you live in.

Some cultures kiss eachother when greeting,some just bow.

Does your culture placevalue on individual orthe group?

This is my culture!!!

(this is the point when

my wife rolls here eyes).


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Psychologys Three Big Debates

Nature Versus Nurture

Stability VersusChange

C

ontinuity VersusDiscontinuity

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