introduction to protective security

8/8/2019 Introduction to Protective Security

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C4 Risk Management Group Ltd

INTRODUCTION TO

THE SECURITY

INDUSTRYUnit Standard 21105


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Introduction

Every day of the year members of the public, companies and organisations across

New Zealand are subject to risks and threats which can include;

yViolenceyIntentional damageyFraudyTheftyTrespassyDamage from fireyNatural disastersyBomb threats

The costs of preventing these are immense and are carried by the individuals,

companies and organisations. The costs include financial (replacing stolen items),

emotional (people fearing to go out at night) as well as environmental (graffiti).

While the New Zealand Police provide a responsive approach to criminal attacks

such as violence, theft & fraud they do not maintain a day to day preventative

capability.

This capability is provided by the security industry in New Zealand. The security

industry contains a number of different areas such as Security Staff Services,

Private Investigators as well as security consultants and product providers and

installers of electronic and physical security measures.

In this module we will cover these different security groups as well as looking at

the basic principles of protective security which are used to prevent loss, injury,

damage etc to individuals, companies and organisations.


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Protective Security

In the security industry we use the term Protective Security to define what we

do. This term actually covers a large range of security activities as well as some

important principles.

This module will provide you with a basic awareness of these things. It is

important at this level to understand some of the terms that are used as well as

their definitions.

In the level 3 module on Protective Security you will go into this topic in greater

depth and look at more risk management considerations and how they are put

into place to enhance security.

Definitions

The term protective security is defined as the PROTECTION & PREVENTION from

LOSS, DAMAGE and HARM, to PEOPLE and their activities, ASSETS as well as their

INFORMATION

Protection can be defined as defending people or property from harm, damage or

loss.

We can protect people in a variety of ways; providing security guards to stand

outside their offices or houses, installing electronic security items such as CCTV,

alarms and access control measures, or by putting physical security measures in

place such as bollards, fences, grills, reinforced glass windows.

Prevention

This means to stop something from happening, in security work it is mainly to

prevent security breaches, this or course is the ultimate aim of protective

security. It is better to prevent something from happening than to have to deal

with it after it has happened.


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Security Principles

The following terms describe the basic principles of security that are used to

provide a level of protection to the clients and customers who use security

services.

In particular there are the four Ds (Deter, Deny, Detect, Delay) and their

derivatives (Deterrence, Denial, Detection, Delaying).

Deter

This means to put someone off from doing something or discourage them. An

example of this might be a CCTV camera recording the activities of a criminal. The

presence of the CCTV may deter the criminal from committing activity.

Detect

To detect means to uncover, observe or find out. An example is a security officer

watching a criminal act such as graffiti or by watching a CCTV monitor and seeing

an intruder.

Deny

Denying someone entry of denying them the opportunity to carry out criminal

activity is an important security principle. For instance a razor wire and electrified

fence may deny an intruder access to an important site.

Delay

At times it is not always possible to totally deny someone access to a site. For

instance a standard fence may keep most people out but if someone wants to

climb over it or cut it they will always get in. It will however delay them, hopefully

allowing a security officer or police time to respond the site.


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Security in Depth

This is an extremely important aspect of providing a comprehensive security

approach to the security of somebody or something. Security consultants spend a

lot of time trying to develop a unique security plan.

A security in depth plan includes;

yThere must be more than one level of securityyDifferent types of security should be in placeyThe higher the value or loss the higher the level of security should beySecurity systems should enhance each other

An example: A Bank

A bank is a good example of security in depth.

In a bank there are a number of items or assets at risk. There is the staff and

members of the public, there is information and there are low value items such as

computers as well as high value items such as the cash being held on site.

The first layer of security is the wall, windows and doors which keep people outand prevent loss of low value assets.

The second layer could be the alarms and barriers that protect the staff behind

their counters and prevent a robber from getting to them.

The third layer is the safe which is impenetrable to prevent the criminal from

taking millions of dollars.


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Risk Management

This is another security principle as well as being a term and a process often used

in security.

Risk management is the identification of risk, identifying the causes and effects as

well as putting into place a plan (treating) to minimizes or eliminate the risk to an

individual person, a company or an organisation.

Running a company or an organisation involves various risks. For instance any

company is at risk that their building may be broken into and their assets or

information stolen by a burglar. A licensed premise is at risk that a robber may

enter the building, steal their money and threaten or injure their staff or patrons.

The process of risk management identifies these risks or threats, identifies that

the effects can be serious loss or harm to people and designs a security system

that covers all these risks.

Risk management recognizes that it is impossible to eliminate all the risks to a

person or their company. It is however possible to minimize those risks that

cannot be eliminated by putting protective security measures in place.

Another important aspect of risk management is that the assessment of risksmust be ongoing. Every year or even more often the risks need to be reassessed

to see if they have changed at all. Some risks may have got worse due to some

changes in the business or in society. An example of this might be if a licensed

premise was built near your home. Imagine the increased risk of extra noise and

the chances of cars being stolen from around the area.

Once systems, policies procedures etc have been put in place it is important to

ensure they are maintained just as it is important to maintain an alarm systemand check the batteries. Audits are the checks that are carried out to ensure that

the standards are being maintained.

Audits are carried out regularly, sometimes weekly. It is likely that you will be

audited regularly to ensure you are doing your job correctly.


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Security Measures

Measures that enhance security can be categorized into the following groups;

ySecurity Staff ServicesyPhysical Security MeasuresyElectronic Security Measures

Security Staff Services include the following groups

ySite Security guardingyMobile PatrolsyAlarm ResponseyVenue SecurityySecure Transport

yPersonal ProtectionyMonitoringyDocument DestructionyPrisoner EscortyConsultantsyInstallation & servicing

Site Security Officers (Guards)

A site security guard (or security officer) is usually a privately employed person

who is paid to carry out the role of protecting property, assets, or people.

The main responsibilities of security officers are to act to protect property by

maintaining a high visibility presence to deter illegal and inappropriate actions,

observing (either directly, through patro ls, or by watching alarm systems or video

cameras) for signs of crime, fire or disorder; then taking action and reporting any

incidents to their client and emergency services as appropriate.

Special conditions: Security officers are required to be licensed under the Private

investigators and Security Guards Act 1974.

Security officers enhance security by providing a physical presence, taking on the

responsibilities mentioned above and interacting with other security measures

such as physical and electronic security.


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Mobile Patrols & Alarm response

Mobile security patrols provide the role of a uniformed officer in a vehicle who is

able to move from site to site and is capable of checking a large number of sites in

a short period of time. The mobile patrolman also maintains the role of alarmresponse. A monitoring company advises when an alarm has been activated.

Responsibilities include tasks such as lockups, bed downs, inspections and a

number of other checks such as car parks, windows etc.

Special conditions: Mobile patrolmen are required to be licensed under the

Private investigators and Security Guards Act and are required to have a full

drivers license.

Venue Security

Security staff working at venues such as sports games, carry out much the same

role as a site security officer as well as the roles of crowd control and traffic

management

Venue security staff often work as a large team and in conjunction with other

emergency management professionals such as the police.

Responsibilities of venue security staff includes access control, searching for

unauthorised items, identifying unlawful intruders, removing them or notifying

the police, Being prepared to assist in an evacuation or emergency and ensuring

law and order is maintained at the venue

Special conditions include the need to be licensed and carry COA, carry any other

ID as well as having a specific knowledge of the evacuation and emergency

procedures for that site.


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Secure Transport

The role of security officers working in secure transport is to enable the

transporting of high risk items from one place to another in a safe and secure

fashion.

Responsibilities include the planning and selection of routes, identifying risk or

threat, providing protection to the item (cash, artwork, jewellery etc), reporting

to base their location & timings etc, and ensuring integrity of the high risk item

itself.

Special conditions: Mobile patrolmen are required to be licensed under the

Private investigators and Security Guards Act and are required to have a full

drivers license.

Personal protection

The role of staff working personal protection details is to provide immediate and

close protection to a person at risk.

Responsibilities include identifying the threat, planning, securing, and providing acommunications capability. This often also includes residential security

responsibilities, Driving as well as an understanding of the physical & electronic

security measures used.

Special conditions: Security officers are required to be licensed under the Private

investigators and Security Guards Act 1974. Personal protection officers who

provide a driving service must also have a valid drivers license.


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Control room operator

The role of staff working in a control room is to provided a 24/7 communications

ability to support operational field staff. Responsibilities include answering calls in

a short timeframe, identifying staff at risk, providing support & information,passing on information as well as carrying out a monitoring Capability for

operational staff and often carrying out welfare checks.

Special Conditions: There are no special conditions attached to this aspect of the

security industry. However staff employed in this area should have very good

computer, telephone, radio and customer service skills as well as a very good

understanding of the roles and responsibilities of site and mobile security staff.

They should also be able to work under pressure, prioritise their work and multi-

task when more than one job is happening at once.

Monitoring

The role of staff that monitor systems is to ensure that the system (whether

electronic or electrical) continues to operates as designed and required on that

site. An example may be CCTV system or an electrical thermostat system.

Responsibilities include regular checking of the system, recording the functioning

of the, System and reporting faults as required. They must also


security industry. However staff employed in this area should have very good

telephone; radio and customer service skills as well as a very good understanding

of the roles and responsibilities of site and mobile security staff.


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Document Storage & Destruction

There are a number of companies that carry out the role of storing sensitive or

confidential documentation and when necessary destroy the documentation

under controlled circumstances.

These companies employ security personnel that will up the documentation in

secure bins (often blue in colour) and deliver it to storage and destruction

facilities.

Responsibilities include the need to maintain confidentiality, personal discipline

and understanding the sensitivity of their work.


security industry. Staff who provide a driving service must also have a valid

drivers license.

Installation and servicing of Mechanical and Electronic Security Equipment

Rather than being security staff these persona are normally technicians

experienced in electrical and electronic installation and have an in depth

knowledge on the capabilities of the equipment that they install and maintain.

Their responsibilities include ensuring the right piece of equipment is installed

and that the installation is in accordance with equipment instructions and in

compliance with any New Zealand law or Standard.

Special Conditions: Staff operating in this area are not required to have a security

license; however they are required to hold the required electrical operators

certificate relevant to the work they are carrying out.


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Consultancy

Consultants are normally experienced security staff operating who are contracted

or employed to give advice on security matters and to carry out risk assessments

security audits, and determine risk management plans.

Their responsibilities include identifying threats, assessing the threat and

determining an appropriate response to it.

Special Conditions: Security consultants are required to be licensed under the

Private Investigators and Security Guards Act 1974.


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Physical Security Measures

Examples of physical security measures are;

yFencesyBollardsySteel Grills over windowsyReinforced Glass Windows

Physical security provides deterrence to a lot of criminals. For example a high

fence which is electrified deters anyone from trying to climb over it. It therefore

prevents access to the criminal.

However these measures can be overcome with time and effort.F

or example afence can be climbed or cut to allow access by an intruder. In this way we

consider that the measures delay an offender from gaining entry and allow time

for them to be detected by a CCTV camera or a patrolling site security officer.

Physical security measures enhance security by preventing, delaying and

deterring criminals as well as working in conjunction with staff security services

and electronic security measures.


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Electronic Security Measures

Examples of electronic security measures are;

yClosed Circuit Television Cameras (CCTV)yAlarm systems & SensorsyAccess Control Systems

Systems such as these provide a detection capability. For example an electrified

fence detects when someone touches it and sends a message to a monitoring

company. The monitoring company can alert a security patrol who can go to the

site and inspect the site for an intruder. Alarm systems also indicate if someone

has entered the building unlawfully.

Electronic security systems enhance security by allowing a very wide coverage of

a site. One site security officer is not able to see everything all the time, however

if the site is covered with electronic systems then the security officer can be

alerted when unlawful activity has been identified. This allows for a more

effective and cheaper security system. It is also the best system as relying on

security offices is impossible as they cant be everywhere and they get tired.

Electronic systems, if installed and maintained properly will work all the time and

do a very effective job.


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Specialised Security Occupations

We have looked at the Staff Security Services earlier in this module. However it is

important to realize that the security industry is made up of a number of security

occupations. We consider that staff security services is a general occupationbecause hey cover a wide range of security functions; the following are

considered to be specialised security occupations. They normally have particular

roles and often have special conditions around those roles.

Courts Security

Role is to provide security and safety to the court system and those that operate

within it. They are responsible for the access control, searching of people

attending the court as well as providing protection to the judge and others within

the building.

Special Conditions: They operate under the Court Security Act 1999 as well as

compliance with other statute such as the Crimes Act 1960. They are often

employed by the courts but at times security companies supply additional staff.

Prisoner Escort and courtroom custodial services

Their role is to provide for the transport of prisoners to and from the courts. They

are responsible for the timely delivery as well as maintaining the safety of the

prisoners.

Responsibilities include ensuring the prisoners do not escape or injure each other

as well as the lawful and safe operation of the vehicle they are using. Courtroom,

custodial services responsibilities includes the management of the prisoner within

the court, cell and court room. These staff operate under standard law with some

provisions under the relevant Prisons act.


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Aviation Security

Role is to provide safety and security to the airport environment includes airside

and landside. They are responsible for security to all buildings, aircraft, personnel

and visitors. They maintain a watch for suspicious activities, unlawful intrudersand suspicious items such as IEDs.

Special Conditions: International requirements as well as NZ statutes such as the

Civil Aviation Act and Aviations Crimes Act must be complied with.

Airport Security

They have roles primarily on landside and work in tandem with aviation security.

Responsibilities include access control, parking management, patrolling all areas,

and responding to breaches or incidents assisting in evacuations etc.

Special Conditions: They operate under standard NZ law, Crimes Act etc, and are

normally required to be licensed and carry COA dependant on their employer.

Hospital Security Officers

The main role is to provide a safe and secure environment within hospital

facilities and associated areas such as car parks.

Responsibilities include access control, site patrols, responding to incidents and

security breaches as well as conducting evacuations. Special responsibilities

include the need to understand relevant Mental Health Act legislation and being

trained to deal with the patients requiring calming and restraint.

Special Conditions: Hospital security staff are required to be licensed under the

Private Investigators and Security Guards Act 1974 as well as maintaining current

certification in Calming & restraint skills.


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Prison Service Staff

While not actually security officers as in the security industry prison staff carry out

similar functions. Their role is to provide security within a prison establishment.

This includes the prevention of violence, use of drugs as well as the operation ofsecurity systems such as access control and CCTGV monitoring systems.

Their main responsibilities are the security and safety of the prisoners, prevention

of illicit drugs and weapons entering the prison, responding to emergencies within

the prison, preventing assaults, suicides etc as well as preventing escape.

Special Conditions: These persons are employed by the Corrections department.

They are covered by Prisons Act.

Parking Wardens

Parking wardens do not work as security officers. However their roles and

responsibilities are included here as some security officers carrying out

community patrols actually carry out similar and supportive roles to parking

wardens.

Security officers often provide for the protection of a parking warden as they go

about the lawful business of issues infringement notices.

The main role of parking wardens is to monitor vehicle parking and licensing

compliance infringements.

Their responsibilities include identifying the infringements and issuing

infringement notices, towing vehicles when necessary, checking parking metres

and other street equipment, monitoring the serviceability of street equipment

and responding to customer companies.


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Major End Users of Security Services & Security Measures

The following list gives an idea of the users of the security services mentioned on

the previous pages. Examples of the services often used by each user group.

Banks

ySite security officersyIntruder alarmsyAlarm monitoring & responseyCCTV SystemsySecure Cash TransportyConsultants

y Reinforced glassy Barriersy Security grillsy Safes

Commercial sites

yMobile patrolsyAlarm monitoring & responseyIntruder alarmsyCCTV

yCCTV systemsySecurity grillsyBollardsyReinforced glassyAnti theft sensors

Residential

yHoliday mobile patrolsyIntruder alarmsyAlarm monitoring & response

yCCTV systemsySensor LightsyPanic alarms


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Hospitals

ySite Security OfficersyConsultancyyAlarm monitoringyDocument storage & destruction

yCCTVyIntruder alarmsyAccess controlyPanic alarms

Casinos

ySite Security OfficersySecure transportyConsultancy

yCCTVyIntruder alarmsyPanic alarms

Industrial sites

ySite Security OfficersyAlarm monitoring & responseyMobile patrols

yCCTVyIntruder alarmsyFencing, locks, chains

Military

ySite Security GuardsyAlarm monitoring & responseyMobile patrols

yCCTVyAccess controlyFencing, barrier arms at gates


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Museums & Art Galleries

ySite Security OfficersyMobile patrolsyAlarm monitoring & responseyConsultancy

yCCTVyAccess controlyReinforced glassyMovement sensors

Parliament

ySite Security OfficersyPersonal Protection OfficersyMobile patrolsyAlarm monitoring & responseyDocument storage & destruction

yCCTVyIntruder alarmsyAccess controlyX-ray scannersyBollards, reinforced glass

Hospitality Industry

ySite Security OfficersyVenue security Alarm monitoring

& response

yConsultancyySecure transport

yCCTVyAccess controlySensor lightsyCrowd control barriers


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Roles and Responsibilities in the security industry

Within the security industry there are a number of roles and responsibilities

which enable the industry to function as an organisation. Each role compliments

the others and also allows each group to focus on their efforts in combating risks

and threats to clients whether they are individuals, companies or organisations.

Security Officers

The front line group of the security industry are the security officers who carry

out a variety of roles on static sites or as mobile patrolmen.

Their primary roles include;

ySite securityyMobile patrolsyVenue securityyRetail securityyTransfer secure items (Cash)yCommunity securityyNoise controlyCourt security

Their main responsibilities include;

yMaintaining a uniformed security presenceyPrevent & deter criminal offendersyControlling access & egressyMonitoring for suspicious behavior & criminal activityyResponding to security breaches & incidentsyApprehend offendersySecure valuable itemsyOperating site security equipment (Physical & electronic)


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yControlling crowds & traffic flow at venuesyEscort staffyManage clients requestsyMaintain customer careyReport on security eventsyGuard crime scenesySupport police & emergency service requests for assistanceySupport evacuations & emergency procedures on sitesySupport health & safety proceduresyFollow instructionsyMaintain industry best practiceyUphold personal & professional standards

Team Leaders/Supervisors

Team leaders and supervisors are experienced security staff who have a very

good practical knowledge of the security work carried out by security officers and

have the ability to lead and make decisions on the spot. They should also have

god reporting skills and be able to work closely with the clients as well as the

police.

Their primary roles include;

yManage a team situationyCoordinate security operations and activityyManage reports and administrative workyAct as a link between the security company management and the security

officers

Their responsibilities include;

yMaking decisions, on the spot if necessary


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yManaging staff during a security incidents tor emergencyyEnsuring workplace documents are completed accurately and submitted

on time

yHaving good communication skillsyBeing able to give orders

First Line Managers

First line managers are the middle managers of a company. They have a direct

relationship with security staff at all levels as well as with the clients serviced by

the company. They often also manage the sales and marketing, customer

servicing and complaints.

Roles include;

yRostering staffyClient developmentyManaging fleet, equipment & resourcesyProviding training for staffyInterviewing potential new staff

Responsibilities include;

yDealing with complaintsyProviding sufficient resourcesyDisciplining staffyProviding career guidance for staffyEnsuring license requirements are metyReporting to operational management


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Operations Managers

The Operations manager is normally the one who controls the entire security

operational base of a business or company. He or she is ultimately responsible for

the work conducted by all security staff.

Their main roles include;

yManaging the business operation & client relationshipsyRecruiting new staffyProviding the necessary equipment & resources

Their responsibilities include

yDeveloping company policies and proceduresyMaintain administrative functions such as financesyDevelop business plans

Executives

Company executives may not have an active day to day involvement in the

security side of the business. Their roles are normally based around company

management & accountancy practices, their main responsibilities include

maintaining industry relationships and developing marketing strategies.

Specialists

Specialists within a company are generally experts in technical areas such as CCTV

and alarm installations. However they may have specialist knowledge in particular

areas of security such as law, venue security, fraud, or any other area that us

required by the client.

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