introduction to photovoltaic system photovoltaics pv applications pv industry solar energy...
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Introduction to Photovoltaic System
Photovoltaics
PV Applications
PV Industry
Solar Energy Technologies
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US Energy Consumption
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Why Renewable Energy?
• Pollution from fossil fuel causes an increase in greenhouse gases such as CO2 which will lead to global warming and cause significant changes in the world's climate system such as a rise in sea level and disruption of agriculture and ecosystems.
• In 2005 the U.S. emitted 2,513,609 metric tons of carbon dioxide, 10,340 metric tons of sulfur dioxide, and 3,961 metric tons of nitrogen oxides from its power plants.
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Harnessing the Sun
• Commonly known as solar cells, photovoltaic (PV) devices convert light energy into electrical energy
• PV cells are constructed with semiconductor materials, usually silicon-based
• The photovoltaic effect is the basic physical process by which a PV cell converts sunlight into electricity– When light shines on a PV cell, it may be reflected, absorbed, or
pass right through. But only the absorbed light generates electricity.
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Various Renewables
• Solar• Geothermal• Wind• Hydroelectric
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Today’s Solar Picture
• Germany leads solar production (over 4.5 times more then US production) – Japan is 2nd (nearly 3 times more then US production) – this is mainly due to incentives
• Financial Incentives– Investment subsidies: cost of installation of a system
is subsidized – Net metering: the electricity utility buys PV electricity
from the producer under a multiyear contract at a guaranteed rate
– Renewable Energy Certificates ("RECs")
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Invention of Solar Cell
The first practical photovoltaic cell was invented at Bell Laboratories in 1954.
The first practical photovoltaic cell was invented at Bell Laboratories in 1954.
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Applications in Photovoltaics
• Nearly every satellite and spacecraft since 1958 has relied on a PV system for power generation.
• Nearly every satellite and spacecraft since 1958 has relied on a PV system for power generation.
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Applications in Photovoltaics
• Portable PV systems tend to be small and intended for specific loads.
• Portable PV systems tend to be small and intended for specific loads.
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Applications in Photovoltaics
• Remote areas where conventional utility-supplied power is out of reach are ideal for the application of PV technology.
• Remote areas where conventional utility-supplied power is out of reach are ideal for the application of PV technology.
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Applications in Photovoltaics
• PV technology can be used for large-scale power production.
• PV technology can be used for large-scale power production.
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Module Price
• Decades of development and manufacturing improvements have decreased the price per watt for PV systems.
• Decades of development and manufacturing improvements have decreased the price per watt for PV systems.
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Module Installation
Production and installation of PV systems is growing rapidly.Production and installation of PV systems is growing rapidly.
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Job Creation
• Skilled and well-trained installers are needed to ensure quality PV system installations.
• Skilled and well-trained installers are needed to ensure quality PV system installations.
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Renewables Portfolio
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Flat Plate Collector
• A flat-plate collector can utilize any solar radiation, direct or reflected, that strikes its surface.
• A flat-plate collector can utilize any solar radiation, direct or reflected, that strikes its surface.
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Solar Thermal Collectors
• Solar thermal energy is a relatively simple way to provide domestic hot water or heating.
• Solar thermal energy is a relatively simple way to provide domestic hot water or heating.
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Concentrating Collectors
• Concentrating collectors focus a large area of direct solar radiation onto a relatively small area.
• Concentrating collectors focus a large area of direct solar radiation onto a relatively small area.
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Different Collectors
• The intense solar radiation needed to produce electricity from thermal energy requires solar concentrating systems.
• The intense solar radiation needed to produce electricity from thermal energy requires solar concentrating systems.