Introduction to Introduction to PhilosophyPhilosophy

Introduction to PhilosophyJason M. Chang

Lecture Outline

1. Defining philosophy

2. Relevance of philosophy

3. Beginnings of philosophy

Defining Philosophy

• Literal translation (from Greek)

• Questions of philosophy

o Irresolvableo Interminableo Inescapable

Defining Philosophy

Defining Philosophy

Defining Philosophy

A discipline that aims at truth about or understanding of reality, existence, and meaning through disciplined reasoning

Red – the aimBlue – the topicsYellow – the method

Relevance of Philosophy

Why study philosophy?

1. Critical thinking skills2. Skills in argumentation3. Communication skills4. To be like Bruce Lee5. Plato’s answer

Source: http://www.scu.edu/cas/philosophy/whystudy.cfm

Relevance of Philosophy - Plato’s answer

• Introduction to Plato

• Plato’s cave

o “Imagine a dark scene…”

Plato 427-347 BC

Relevance of Philosophy - Plato’s answer

• Prisoners in the cave

o Features of the prisonerso Prisoners as a metaphor for what?

• Escapee who ascends the cave

o Features of the escapeeo Escapee as a metaphor for what?

Relevance of Philosophy - Plato’s answer

The importance of philosophy for Plato

• Frees us from our prejudices

• Enlarges our understanding of the True and Good

• Part of a well-lived human life

Beginnings of Philosophy

• Introduction to Socrates

Socrates 469-399 BC

Beginnings of Philosophy

Why is Socrates important?

• Represents philosophy (and the examined life)

• Challenged others to live the examined life

• Willing to die for philosophy

Beginnings of Philosophy

Socrates’ mission in life

• Origins of his mission

o Oracle of Delphi’s proclamation

o Recognition of corruption and ignorance

o Twofold mission

Beginnings of Philosophy

Carrying out his mission

• Challenge to Athenians

• Socratic method

• Public reception of Socrates’ actions

Beginnings of Philosophy

Socrates’ trial and execution

• Official charges

• Socrates in jail

• Socrates’ execution (399 BC)