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BEng (Hons) Petroleum Engineering

Course:

Introduction To Petroleum Engineering

Instructor

Dr. Tarek Darwich

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Course Outlines: What is Petroleum Engineering?

The Life Cycle of Oil and Gas projects,

Origin, formation and accumulation of Petroleum,

Oil & Gas Exploration,

Appraisal of Oil & Gas Discoveries,

Development of Oil & Gas Discoveries,

Producing Oil & Gas Fields, Transportation of Oil & Gas,

The Petroleum Industry & the Environment,

Petroleum Economics.

I ntroduction to Petroleum Engineer ing

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Formation Evaluation

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Formation evaluation is the analysis and interpretation of core data, logdata, well test data, in terms of the nature of the formation andthe fluids content.

Main parameters evaluated Lithology

Rock properties (porosity and permeability)

Fluids types and saturation

Well data include: Mud logging

Core data (routine and special core analysis)

Well logging (wireline and while drilling

Downhole pressure data and fluid sampling

Formation testing

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Drill Stem Test (DST)

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Year 2012 - 2013Typical Offshore Layout for an exploration Well Test

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Drill Stem Test (DST)

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http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=oil+well+testing&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=4_Lz9W07dG8IUM&tbnid=QgzwwyUgGY2PYM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Foilandgasdrilling.blogspot.com%2F2012%2F11%2Fintroduction-to-well-testing.html&ei=l1YwUcKHMK6N0wW76IHACA&bvm=bv.43148975,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNE3mPcdIYGoUUDLiTbrBwq_BfKHYQ&ust=1362208763926098

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Drill Stem Test (DST)

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Drill Stem Test (DST)

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In general, well logs provide initial information on fluid types andproducibility.

Testing provides confirmation, detailed fluid properties, accurate

pressure measurements and production evaluation.

Drill Stem test can be conducted in a an open or cased hole.

Failure of packers against wall in open-hole is a common problem.

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Well Testing Applications

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There are many applications of well testing but they may be grouped intofour fundamental classes:

Formation pressure measurement

Permeability and skin (degree of formation damage or stimulation)

Formation fluids characterisation

Reservoir characterisation

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Well Testing Applications

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Formation Pressure Measurement: Static reservoir pressure measurement and depletion determination

Determining the inflow performance relationship of the well (IPR), productivity index (PI) andabsolute open flow potential (AOFP).

Infinite Acting Radial Flow

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Well Testing Applications

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Formation Pressure Measurement: The IPR of a well is a relationship between its producing bottom-hole pressure and production

rate under a given reservoir condition. It indicates the producing characteristics of the well.

J = Q / (Pr Pwf)

J is the productivity index PI

Q is the flow rate

Pr is the reservoir pressure

Pwf is the bottom-hole flowing pressure

AOFP

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Well Testing Applications

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Permeability & Skin: The transient pressure data (and associated measurements) are interpreted to give information

on reservoir dynamic parameters that are relevant to fluid flow.

This information is mainly formation permeability and any occurrence of skin (formation

damage or enhancement that may impair or enhance the flow.

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Well Testing Applications

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Permeability & Skin:

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Well Testing Applications

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Multi-rate

Testing

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Well Testing Applications

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Formation Fluid Characterisation:

Well testing enables collecting representativereservoir samples

Well testing also enables characterising the fluidcomposition, its phase behaviour and the Pressure-Volume-Temperature (PVT) properties.

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Well Testing Applications

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Formation Fluid Characterisation:

Temperature

Pressure

Initial Reservoir

Conditions

CPPath of Production

Separator Conditions

25%50%75%

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Well Testing Applications

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Formation Fluid Characterisation:

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Well Testing Applications

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Formation Fluid Characterisation:

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Well Testing Applications

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Formation Fluid Characterisation:

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Well Testing Applications

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Formation Fluid Characterisation:

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Well Testing Applications

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Formation Fluid Characterisation:

Gas Formation Volume Factor:

P1V1=z1RT

PscVsc=RTsc

Bg=V1/Vsc=(14.7/520)*z*T/P

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Well Testing Applications

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Formation Fluid Characterisation:

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Well Testing Applications

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Reservoir Characterisation:

The pressure response during a well test provides the characteristic signatureof reservoir fluidflow events that will be interpreted in terms of barriers, heterogeneities and reservoir volume. WellTesting enables:

Determining the total reservoir pore volume connected to the tested well.

Determining the reservoir boundary configurations such as impermeable barriers

Characterising reservoir heterogeneities such as layered systems and natural fractures

Quantifying vertical and horizontal reservoir communications.

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Well Testing Applications

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Well Testing Applications

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Well Testing Applications

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Well Testing Applications

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Well Testing Applications

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