Introduction to Personal Care ServicesWritten final review

careers

•Cosmetologist can work:• Salons, day spas, full service

salon/shops, cruise ships, hotels, specialty salons such as wig salons, as product trainers, educators, in the media business such as video or photos

Professional traits

• Un-professional traits can include procrastination, arrogance, disrespect, tardiness, dishonesty, laziness, lack of responsibility, rudeness

• Professional traits can include ethical behavior, motivation, sensitivity, manners, respect time management, understanding, empathy, courteous behavior, punctuality, honesty, acceptance, politeness

Ergonomics

• The design of items or spaces to insure the health and ease of the user is at the level of not causing injury or fatigue while the work tasks are being performed.• Items can be redesigned, added to or adjusted to

make them easier to use.• Spaces should encourage ease of use keeping

size, shapes, lighting, posture in mind.

Human relations• Security is a fundamental factor for feeling safe • Being heard while speaking is important for self esteem and

importance• Talk less and listen more• Reflective listening; repeating back what is said exactly• Don’t interrupt• Always have eye contact• Communication involves sharing information between people

or groups of people

Communication• Consultation is the first step in any service; provides a needs

assessment for what should or should not be done for this client

• Consultation is a chance to communicate with the client about things that can make decisions for services more successful; lifestyle, time management, hair type, face shape, hair texture

• Speaking to supervisory people in you field must include factual information, honesty, minus an attitude, quiet voice, not complaining about others and having a possible solution for what ever the problem might be

Bacteria and infection control• OSHA – occupational safety and health administration• Regulates all work related safety guidelines• Regulates all contaminates and disposal protocol(Universal Precautions)

• EPA – environmental protection agency• Governs air, land and water• Disposal of chemicals, storage of hazardous materials

• Disinfectants• Destroys bacteria, fungi and viruses• Used only on non living items• Different uses depending on manufactures directions

• Antiseptics• Used on living tissue• Controls (not destroys) bacteria, fungi and viruses on skin and nails

• Hospital grade disinfectants – must destroy bacteria, fungi, viruses, pseudodomicidal bacteria –

• Sodium hypochlorite – household bleach is hospital grade disinfectant

Condt.• MSDS – material safety data sheet• Lists ingredients, safety issues, uses, hazards, EPA registration number

for poison control, disposal of container• Clean – remove dirt and debris without the control of bacteria• Disinfect – destruction of bacteria, fungi and viral cells; makes

items ready for reuse• Sterilize – completely destroy pathogens on items but must be kept

free from the pathogens during use• Hand washing – twenty seconds of vigorous rubbing with the use

of soap and warm water• Infections – swelling, redness, heat in tissue, pus are indication of a

pathogenic infection

Bacteria • Bacteria – one celled, vegetable origin; also called germs,

microbes. Can have animal and plant characteristics• Pathogenic – disease causing, harmful• Non pathogenic – non disease causing, harmless, aids in

digestion, causes decomposition of dead matter• Cocci bacteria family – round cells, slowest movement,

pathogenic• Bacilli bacteria family – rod shaped cells, has flagella or cilia to

aid in motility, pathogenic• Spirilla bacteria family – spiral shaped cells, self movement

due to shape, pathogenic• Life cycles of bacteria are the active stage and the spore

forming stage. Controlled by environmental circumstances

Condt.• Infections – local and general• Local: pimples, abscess, infected injuries, will contain pus• General: can’t see infection but can see symptoms of the illness that are

usually treated by a physician• Viruses – sub microscopic particles that live within other cells• HIV / AIDS – viruses that have no cure• Human immunodeficiency virus – acquired immune deficiency syndrome

• Parasites – bacteria or animals that survive only by living on another entity as a host

• Mitosis – the healthy division of cells – active stage in the life cycle• Spore forming stage – the time when cells are dormant; not dividing –

inactive stage in the life cycle – toxins, injuries, certain diseases• Cells are the basic unit of all living things

Skin and hair• Dermatology – the study of the skin and it’s functions• Largest organ is the skin – integumentary system-nails and hair are

appendages of the skin – regulates heat, allows excretion of toxins, allows sensation of pain for protection

• Callused skin is caused by constant pressure on an area• Hormones control specific body functions –(estrogen and testosterone)

sexual identity, insulin, adrenaline-these are secreted by endocrine system and ductless glands

• Follicles – tube like depression in skin containing the hair root• Arrector pili muscle is a tiny muscle that causes goose bumps at the base

of all follicles• Melanin – the natural pigments grains in the natural color of hair and skin

– albinism is the lack of natural pigment• Comedones – black heads milia – white heads – both are follicles that

have been filled with sebum, keratin cells and/or sweat and outside products

• Herpes simples – fever blisters – contagious – no facials performed

Condt.• Hair bulb - the club like area at the bottom of the hair root containing living keratin

cells• Dermal papilla – the coned area at the base of the follicle that de- keratinizes protein

cells to form the hair root• Cuticle layer (protection and shine) cortex (bonds, melanin, elasticity)• Side bonds of the hair – hydrogen (changed with heat and water) salt (changed with ph

levels, weak bond) disulfide bond ( chemically changed only)• Skin cancer – basal cell carcinoma(most common), squamous cell carcinoma and

melanoma (malignant and non malignant)may have jagged edges around a darker brown area on the skin

• Skin cancer can be caused or increased by natural sun or artificial sun rays exposure. UVA / UVB uva are the aging rays, uvb are the burning rays

• Exfoliation – the act of removing dead, dull skin cells on the surface of the skin; chemical scrubs, buff pads or clothes, mechanical scrubs

• Facials – cleanse, tone and moisturize the skin. • Cleanser removes dirt and debris and deep cleanses• Toner restore the pH level of the skin and removes product residue• Moisturizing restores the moisture level removed by cleansing and helps to smooth skin for

make up application

Condt.• Wave patterns – straight, wavy, curly very curly• Lanugo or vellus hair – extremely short, fuzzy hair on cheeks

and all other areas of the skin with the exception of the eyelids, palms and soles of the feet; no color pigment

• Hair texture – fine, medium, coarse; fine hair damages easily and takes less time to process chemically, coarse hair is opposite of fine.

Pediculosis – parasites that feed and breed on human scalp and hair- very contagious and can not be treated in the salon

Nails • Healthy nails – pink in color, good moisture level for flexibility, no

grooves or thickness or spots• Nail bed is what the nail plate rests on, provides the pink color with

blood circulation and nerve endings, bruises if injured looking dark in color due to an accumulation of blood

• Free edge is overhanging past the end of the finger• The matrix is the area where keratin cells are transformed into the

nail plate – controls the natural shape of the nails• Eponychium is the colorless skin that surrounds the nail plate

helping it to adhere to the nail bed – over matrix it is called the cuticle

• Hyponychium is the “seal” that keeps debris from going under the nail plate – under the free edge – painful if broken

• Infections around the nails should be referred to a physician and not serviced in the nail salon

Shampoo services• Three processes : shampooing, massage and conditioning• Never brush hair before a chemical service• Open sores, scabs or excessive abrasions on the scalp would stop services

in the salon; refer to physician• Chemically processed hair can tangle easily during an aggressive shampoo

or with shampoos with strong ingredients• High pH shampoos are usually the strong, clarifying shampoos that fade

color and cause a brittle feeling• Acid (ph)balanced shampoos are less damaging to hair and will not over

clean or cause color fading ( non stripping ) and close the cuticle layer for shine

• Ingredients of shampoo: mostly water and surfactants (soap or detergents) and other ingredients that cause suds and fragrance

• Surfactant molecules: • Hydrophilic head – is attracted by water and carried away in rinsing• Lipophilic head – attracted by dirt and oil

Manicures• Equipment: long lasting items used for manicures• Tables, lamps, chairs, dryers, sanders

• Implements: not disposable, can be disinfected• Nippers, pushers, sanitizer jars, scissors, clippers

• Implements: disposable, can not be disinfected• Emery boards, wooden sticks, cotton, spatulas

• Cosmetics: lotions, polish products, massage oils, disinfectants, non acetone remover, acetone, alcohol

• Artificial nails need non acetone remover; dark colors on natural nail surfaces need acetone for removal

• Color coat – adds color to nail surface• Base coat – provides adhesion of color coat on nail bed• Top coat – provides shine and chip resistance• Nail shapes: square, oval, squoval, round, pointed

Ect to be a good employee/person/friend• Keep in mind all the professional terms and actions you have

been practicing all semester• Creativity and motivation come within and can only be

controlled by you• You are free to make choices but remember you are not free

from the consequences of those choices• Being kind allows people around you to hold you in high

esteem • Respect breeds respect from others