introduction to oop with java - abu khleif · notes •the boolean expression is enclosed in...
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to OOP with Java
Instructor: AbuKhleif, Mohammad Noor
Sep 2017
www.abukhleif.com
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Control Flow Statements:Selection
Instructor: AbuKhleif, Mohammad Noor
Sep 2017
www.abukhleif.com
Lecture 03:
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Instructor
• AbuKhleif, ‘Mohammad Noor’• Computer Engineer (JU 2012-2017)• Software Automation Engineer @ Atypon – John Wiley and
Sons Company - Jordan Branch
• Reach me at:• www.abukhleif.com• [email protected]• facebook.com/moh.noor94• twitter.com/moh_noor94
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Course
• Java SE Basics• Object Oriented Programming• Course Page:
www.abukhleif.com/courses/java-101-sep-2017• Or, go to: www.abukhleif.com Courses Java 101 Course – Sep 2017
• Course Facebook Group:www.facebook.com/groups/AKF2017Java
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Let’s Start!
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Quick Review
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• Relational (Comparison) Operators: > >= < <= == !=
• Logical Operators: && || !
• A boolean expression is an expression that evaluates to a booleanvalue: true or false
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Selection
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Motivations
If you assigned a negative value for radius in Lecture 02 -Task 2, ‘ComputeVolumeOfCylinder’, the program would print an invalid result. If the radius is negative, you don't want the program to compute the volume. How can you deal with this situation?
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One-way if Statements
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One-way if Statements
•A one-way if statement executes an action if an only if the condition is true.
• If the condition is false, nothing is done.
• The syntax for a one-way if statement is:
if (boolean-expression) {
statement(s);
}
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Notes
• The boolean expression is enclosed in parentheses.
• The block braces can be omitted if they enclose a single statement.
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if i > 0 { System.out.println("i is positive");
}
(a) Wrong (b) Correct
if (i > 0) {
System.out.println("i is positive");
}
if (i > 0) { System.out.println("i is positive");
}
(a)
Equivalent
(b)
if (i > 0)
System.out.println("i is positive");
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Example
•Write a program that prompts the user to enter an integer. If the number is a multiple of 5, print HiFive. If the number is divisible by 2, print HiEven.
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Example Solution
import java.util.Scanner;
public class SimpleIfDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter an integer: ");int number = input.nextInt();
if (number % 5 == 0)System.out.println("HiFive");
if (number % 2 == 0)System.out.println("HiEven");
}
}
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Let’s Code
• Write a program that prompts the user to enter a string. If the string length is divisible by 2, print ‘EvenString’.
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Two-way if Statements(if – else)
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Two-way if Statements
• A two-way if-else statement executes an action if the condition is true and another action if the condition is false.• The syntax for a two-way if-else statement is:if (boolean-expression) {statement(s); // for the true case} else {statement(s); // for the false case}
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Two-way if Statements
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Boolean
Expression
false true
Statement(s) for the false case Statement(s) for the true case
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Example
if (radius >= 0) {
area = radius * radius * 3.14159;
System.out.println("The area for the "
+ "circle of radius " + radius +
" is " + area);
}
else {
System.out.println("Negative input");
}
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Let’s Code
• Write a program that prompts the user to enter his/her name and birth year. If the user is 18 years or older print ‘Welcome [user-name]’. Otherwise, print ‘Sorry, you are not eligible yet, please come back in (18-[user-age]) years’.
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Multi-way if Statements(Nested if)
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Multi-way if Statements
• An if statement can be inside another if statement to form a nested if statement.• Example:if (i > k) {if (j > k)System.out.println(“i and j are greater than k”);}elseSystem.out.println(“i is less than or equal to k”);
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Multiple Alternative if Statements - Example
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score >= 90
true
grade = 'A'
false
score >= 80
true
grade = 'B'
false
score >= 70
rue
grade = 'C'
score >= 60
true
grade = 'D'
false
false
grade = 'F'
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• Equivalent, but?!
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if (score >= 90.0) grade = 'A';
else
if (score >= 80.0)
grade = 'B';
else
if (score >= 70.0)
grade = 'C';
else
if (score >= 60.0)
grade = 'D';
else
grade = 'F';
Equivalent
if (score >= 90.0)
grade = 'A';
else if (score >= 80.0)
grade = 'B';
else if (score >= 70.0)
grade = 'C';
else if (score >= 60.0)
grade = 'D';
else
grade = 'F';
Multiple Alternative if Statements – Example Solution
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Let’s Code
• Write a full working program for the previous example, the mark should be entered by the user.
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Note
• The else clause matches the most recent if clause in the same block.
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int i = 1; int j = 2;
int k = 3;
if (i > j)
if (i > k)
System.out.println("A");
else
System.out.println("B");
(a)
Equivalent
(b)
int i = 1;
int j = 2;
int k = 3;
if (i > j)
if (i > k)
System.out.println("A");
else
System.out.println("B");
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Note, cont.
• Nothing is printed from the preceding statement. To force the elseclause to match the first if clause, you must add a pair of braces: int i = 1;
int j = 2;
int k = 3;
if (i > j) {
if (i > k)
System.out.println("A");
}
else
System.out.println("B");
This statement prints B.
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Common Error
• Adding a semicolon at the end of an if clause is a common mistake.
if (radius >= 0);{
area = radius*radius*PI;System.out.println(
"The area for the circle of radius " +radius + " is " + area);
}
• This mistake is hard to find, because it is not a compilation error or a runtime error, it is a logic error.
• This error often occurs when you use the next-line block style.
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Tip
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if (number % 2 == 0) even = true;
else
even = false;
(a)
Equivalent
boolean even
= (number % 2 == 0);
(b)
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Tip
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if (even == true)
System.out.println(
"It is even.");
(a)
Equivalent if (even)
System.out.println(
"It is even.");
(b)
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switch Statements
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switch Statements
•Nested if can be used to write code for multiple conditions.•However, it makes the program difficult to read.
•A switch statement simplifies coding for multiple conditions.
•A switch statement executes statements based on the value of a variable or an expression.
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switch (switch-expression) {
case value1: statement(s)1;
break;
case value2: statement(s)2;
break;
…
case valueN: statement(s)N;
break;
default: statement(s)-for-default;
}
The switch-expressionmust yield a value of char, byte, short, or int type and must always be enclosed in parentheses.
The value1, ..., and valueN must
have the same data type as the
value of the switch-expression.
The resulting statements in the
case statement are executed when
the value in the case statement
matches the value of the switch-
expression. Note that value1, ...,
and valueN are constant
expressions, meaning that they
cannot contain variables in the
expression, such as 1 + x.
switch Statements Rules
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switch (switch-expression) {
case value1: statement(s)1;
break;
case value2: statement(s)2;
break;
…
case valueN: statement(s)N;
break;
default: statement(s)-for-default;
}
switch Statements Rules
The keyword break is optional,
but it should be used at the end of each case in order to terminate the remainder of the switchstatement. If the break statement is not present, the next casestatement will be executed.
The default case, which is
optional, can be used to perform
actions when none of the
specified cases matches the
switch-expression.
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switch Statement Rules
• The case statements are executed in sequential order, but the order of the cases (including the default case) does not matter.
• However, it is good programming style to follow the logical sequence of the cases and place the default case at the end.
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Let’s CodeProblem: Chinese Zodiac
• Write a program that prompts the user to enter a year and displays the animal for the year.
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rat
ox
tiger
rabbit
dragon
snake horse
sheep
monkey
rooster
dog
pig 0: monkey
1: rooster
2: dog 3: pig
4: rat
5: ox 6: tiger
7: rabbit
8: dragon
9: snake
10: horse
11: sheep
year % 12 =
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Ternary Operator(Conditional Operator)
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Ternary Operator (Conditional Operator)
•A conditional operator evaluates an expression based on a condition.• The syntax is:
booleanExpression ? expressionIfTrue : expressionIfFalse;
• The result of the conditional operator is expressionIfTrue if booleanExpression is true, otherwise the result is expressionIfFalse.• Example: max = (num1 > num2) ? num1 : num2;
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Let’s Code
• Rewrite the following if-else statement using the ternary operator:
if (num % 2 == 0)
System.out.println(num +
“ is even”);
else
System.out.println(num +
“ is odd”);
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TasksAll tasks should be well-documented, well-designed, and well-styled.
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Task 01
• (Sort three integers) Write a program that prompts the user to enter three integers and display the integers in non-decreasing order.
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Task 02
• (Find the number of days in a month) Write a program that prompts the user to enter the month and displays the number of days in the month.
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Task 03
• (Financials: currency exchange) Write a program that prompts the user to enter the exchange rate from currency in U.S. dollars to JOD.• Prompt the user to enter 0 to convert from U.S. dollars to JOD and 1 to
convert from JOD to U.S. dollars.
• Prompt the user to enter the amount in U.S. dollars or JOD to convert it to JOD or U.S. dollars, respectively.
• Sample runs in next slide.
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Task 03 – Sample Runs
Enter the exchange rate from dollars to JOD: 0.71Enter 0 to convert dollars to JOD and 1 vice versa: 0Enter the dollar amount: 100$100 is 71 JOD
Enter the exchange rate from dollars to JOD: 0.71Enter 0 to convert dollars to JOD and 1 vice versa: 5Enter the JOD amount: 1000010000 JOD is $14100
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Tasks Submission• Submit a zipped file contains all the 3 .java files, 1 file for each task.
• Name your zipped file as follow [Lect3_YourName.zip].
• Upload your zipped file to the Facebook group.
• Submission due: Monday, Sep 18 - 10:00 PM
• Late submission will not be reviewed by the instructor.
• Public solutions upload goal is to share knowledge, you can see other’s solutions, but, please, don’t cheat yourself!
• Don’t forget, all tasks should be well-documented, well-designed, and well-styled.
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Test Yourself
•Answer all questions (exclude 3.1 & 3.2):
http://www.cs.armstrong.edu/liang/interactivequiz/public_html/Chapter3.html
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- Liang, Introduction to Java Programming 10/e- Eng. Asma Abdel Karim Computer Engineering Department, JU Slides.
Instructor: AbuKhleif, Mohammad Noor
Sep 2017
www.abukhleif.com
References:
End of Lecture =D