Engr. Ezrha C. Godilano, CIE

ecgodilano@mcl.edu.ph

analyze and evaluate methods of

production and point out ways to

improve them.

They decide how a company should

allocate its limited tangible resources

(equipment and labor) within the

framework of existing physical

constraints (physical plant).

Includes designing, creating and selecting the

best manufacturing methods, processes, tools,

equipment, and skills to manufacture a product

based on the specifications that have been

developed by the product engineering section.

When best method interfaces with the best skills

available, an efficient worker-machine relationship

exists.

Once the complete method has been established, a

standard time for the product must be determined.

Before establishing time standards, there is a

responsibility to see that:

Predetermined standards are met

Workers are adequately compensated for their

output, skills, responsibilities, and experience

Workers have a feeling of satisfaction from the

work that they do

A technique for increasing the production per

unit of time or decreasing the cost per unit

output or in other words, Productivity

Improvement

It entails analyses at two different times during

the history of a product:

1. Design and development on how the product will be

produced

2. Restudy to fine better way to produce the product

and/or improve the quality (corporate

reengineering)

Implies the utilization of technological capability

Improvements are never ending

Uses a systematic procedure to develop a work

center, produce a product, or provide a service

1. Select the project

Projects that are either new or existing

products that have a high cost of

manufacture and a low profit.

Products experiencing difficulty in

maintaining quality

Products having problems meeting

competition

2. Get and present the data

Assemble all important facts relating to the

product or service

Includes drawings and specifications, quantity

requirements, delivery requirements, and

projections of the anticipated life of the

product or service.

Once all information are has been acquired,

record it in an orderly form for study and

analysis

3. Analyze the Data

Utilize the primary approaches to operations

analysis to decide which alternative will result

in the best product or service

4. Develop the ideal method

Select the best procedure for each operation,

inspection, and transportation by considering

the various constraints associated with each

alternative, including the productivity,

ergonomics, and health and safety implications.

5. Present and install the method

Explain the proposed method in detail to those

responsible for its operation and maintenance.

6. Develop a job analysis

Conduct a job analysis of the installed method

to ensure that the operators are adequately

selected, trained, and rewarded.

Job analysis – process to identify and determine in

detail the particular job duties and requirements and

the relative importance of these duties for a given

job.

7. Establish time standards

Establish a fair and equitable standard for the

installed method

8. Follow up the method

Audit the installed method to determine if the

anticipated productivity and quality are being

realized.

to increase productivity and product

reliability safely

to lower unit cost- this allows more

quality goods and services to be

produced for more people

1. Minimize the time required to perform

tasks

2. Continually improve the quality and

reliability of products and services

3. Conserve resources and minimize the

cost by specifying the most appropriate

direct and indirect materials for the

production of goods and services

4. Consider the cost and availability of power

5. Maximize the safety, health and well-being

of all employees

6. Produce with an increasing concern for

protecting the environment

7. Follow a humane program of management

that results in job interest and satisfaction

for each employee

1750: For the first time, industrial engineering emerged

as a profession during the industrial revolution

1776: Adam Smith wrote Wealth of Nations and

advocated the concept of division of labor, skill

development, specialization

1832: Charles Babbage systematically observed factory

operations in England and USA. He wrote his

experiences in a book “On the economy of Machinery

and Manufacturing”. His observations, regarding skill,

match with operations and his conceptual foundations

on division of labor acted as the foundation blocks of

some later developments in industrial engineering.

1880: Frederick W. Taylor almost changed the approach

towards industrial management. His focus was on

improvement in work content, specialization and division

of labor. His contributions are treated as the real

beginning of industrial engineering by many authors.

1911: Frank Gilbreth focused on identification, analysis,

measurement and setting standard for the fundamental

motions, which were required to accomplish a job. His

contributions were helpful in designing a job, deciding the

time required to perform a job and improvement in ways

to perform a job. Dr. Lillian Gilbreth, who was the wife of

Frank, worked on human relation aspect of engineering.

• 1913: Henry L. Gantt provided the concept of planning and

scheduling the activities on a graphical chart. This type of

chart is still widely used and is called as Gantt Chart. This is

very helpful in reviewing the progress and updating the

schedule of work.

• 1924: W.A. Shewhart developed the fundamental concept of

statistical quality control. During this period, fundamental

approaches on inventory control, incentive plans, material

handling, conceptions of organization, theory and

management, plant layout, etc, evolved.

• 1940s: conceptual foundation for value engineering, system

analysis and operations research emerged.

Form groups of 3 members. Think of a

service/product set-up where you can apply

improvements.

Determine the problems/opportunities to

improve and list the different ways you can

change or introduce improvement on the

system. (Bullet form). Prepare to present it

on class.

• Niebels’ Methods, Standards, and Work Design

• http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/industrial-management/industrial-engineering/historical-development-of-industrial-engineering.aspx

• http://www.princetonreview.com/careers.aspx?cid=79