Introduction to mass and energy balance calculationsABDUL HALIM/TRI PRIJADI BASUKI

What Will we learn?

Material Need

Material Accompanie

d in the Process

UNITS AND DIMENSIONSWhat are units and dimensions and how do they differ?

Mathematical Operation of Units and Dimensions

Solve these problems1. 1 kg + 100 gram = 2. 4 kg 2 m=3. 5 m + 7 s =

Conversion of Units and Conversion Factors

Never forget that the pound (mass) and pound (force) are not the same units in the American Engineering system

Dimensional Consistency

A basic principle exists that equations must be dimensionally consistent

molThe amount of a substance that contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon 12

A mole is composed of 6.02 1023

g mol, kg mol, lb mol

DensityDensity is the ratio of mass per unit volume

Specific Gravity and Specific Volume

Calculation of density by specific gravityCalculation of mass and mole by specific gravity

Concentration

Mole fraction

Mass fraction

In pulp industry, Many terms of chemicals is expressed as Na2O

Flow rate

Kg/sm3/s

Temperature and Pressure

gauge pressure + barometer pressure = absolute pressure

Term Used in Alkaline Pulping1. Total Chemical

2. Total alkali

3. Total titratable alkali

4. Active alkali

5. Activity

6. Effective alkali

7. Causticizing efficiency

8. Causticity

9. Sulfidity

10. Reduction

11. Unreduction salt cake

12. Chemical consumtion

13. Chemical recovery

14. Chemical loss

referenceHimmelblau, D. M., 2004, Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering 6th ed, Printice Hall, New Jersey

Casey, J. P., 1960, Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Chemical Technology 2nd ed IntersciencePublishers, New York