introduction to living things
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Introduction to Living Things. 1.2, 1.3, 1.4. Organism. Any living thing Bacteria Animals Fungi Plants Etc. Characteristics of L.T. In order to be considered alive, organisms must have these 5 characteristics: Living things are organized Living things respond to stimuli - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to Living Things1.2, 1.3, 1.4
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Organism•Any living thing
⚫Bacteria⚫Animals⚫Fungi⚫Plants⚫Etc
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Characteristics of L.T.•In order to be considered alive, organisms must have these 5 characteristics:⚫Living things are organized⚫Living things respond to stimuli⚫Living things use energy⚫Living Things grow and develop⚫Living things reproduce
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Living things are organized•Every living thing is made up of one or more cells.⚫Cells=the basic unit of life⚫Cells contain the hereditary material, called DNA
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Living things respond to stimuli•Stimulus=something that causes a change in an organism
•Response= the reaction to the stimulus
•Homeostasis= an organisms ability to keep proper conditions inside, no matter what is going on outside
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Living things use energy•Plants, and some bacteria get energy from the sun
•Animals get energy from food
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Living things grow and develop• Growth=organism gets bigger
• Development=Changes that take place during the lifetime
• Lifespan= How long an organism is expected to live
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Living things reproduce•Reproduction=making babies
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Living things have 2 needs1. A place to live (habitat)
1. Must be a place that suits the needs of the organism
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What else?2. Raw materials
•ALL organisms need water to survive
•Humans also need ⚫Food ⚫Oxygen
•Plants also need ⚫Sunlight ⚫Carbon dioxide (plants do not need oxygen!)
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Where does life come from?•Living things only come from other living things⚫This is called biogenesis
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How are living things classified?
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Carolus Linneaus•Born Carl Linne in 1707
•Looked for a way to classify organisms⚫Based his classification on how organisms looked
⚫Example: All trees together, all bear-looking creatures together, all fish together, etc.
•Developed Binomial Nomenclature⚫2 word naming system still used today.
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Binomial Nomenclature
•2 word naming system developed by Linnaeus ⚫1st word=genus
⚫A group of closely related organisms⚫Ex. Pinus = pine trees
⚫2nd word=species⚫Tells us something about the organism
⚫Ex. Pinus virginana
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Rules for Scientific Names1. First word capitalized
2. Second word lowercase
3. Both words in italics or, if handwritten, underlined
Example:
Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens
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What is wrong with these Scientific Names?•canus familiaris
•Felis Domesticus
•Equus caballus
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Why use scientific names?• 4 main reasons
1. To avoid mistakes/confusion
2. To show how organisms are related
3. Because they give us information about the organism
4. Allows organisms to be easily organized
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1. To avoid confusion/mistakes• So we can avoid confusion/mistakes
⚫We use some words to refer to many organisms that are
actually not closely related⚫ Black Bear & Koala Bear-
⚫ Koalas are NOT bears
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2. To show how organisms are related• The first word gives us the genus, which is a related group of
organisms⚫Canus lupis=wolf⚫Canus familaris=dog⚫Canus latrans=coyote
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3. The names give us some information about the organism
• It may be who discovered the species, where it is found, or a feature
• Nothura darwinii Cornus florida
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Allow organisms to be easily organized•Organisms part of the same genus are grouped together⚫Phylogeny=grouping organisms based on relationships
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Modern Classification• Life is broken down into categories
• 3 Domains⚫Bacteria⚫Archaea⚫Eukarya
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Kingdom• Life is broken down into categories
• 6 Kingdoms⚫Domain Bacteria
⚫ Kingdom-Eubacteria
⚫Domain Archaea ⚫ Kingdom-Archaea
⚫Eukarya ⚫ Animalia
⚫ Plantae
⚫ Fungi
⚫ Protista
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Eubacteria• “True” Bacteria
• Single cell
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Archaea• Similar to bacteria
• Single cell
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Animalia• Animal kingdom
• Many cells
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Plantae• Plant kingdom
• Many cells
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Fungi• Mushrooms, mold, yeast
• Many cells
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Protists• Mostly one cell
• Most are microscopic
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More classification levels•Phylum
•Class
•Order
•Family
•Genus
•Species
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Species•A group of organisms that can reproduce and have fertile offspring
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Mnemonic for remembering levels of organization• Did
• King
• Phillip
• Come
• Over
• For
• Great
• Spaghetti
• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
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Tools for Identifying Organisms• Field Guide & Dichotomous Key
• Field Guide-Pictures and descriptions of organisms
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Tools for Identifying Organisms• Dichotomous Key
⚫Detained list of characteristics that helps identify organism