Introduction to Linux

Steve Bogol sbogol@nd.edu

Part I

What is Linux?

Linux Mainstream Video

Linux Nutshell

What is Linux?

● A free operating system created by Linus Torvalds in 1991.● Based off of Unix using GNU tools and a kernel made by

Linus.● Originally called “Freax” (“free” + “freak” + “X”).● More focused on multiple users than a single user

(Windows/Mac).● Traditionally command line primary and GUI secondary.● Free to change and redistribute the changed version.

Distributions (distros)Wikipedia: A Linux distribution (often called a distro for short) is an operating system made from a software collection, which is based upon the Linux kernel and, often, a package management system.

Top 10 Distributions

1. Manjaro 2. MX Linux3. Mint4. Elementary5. Ubuntu6. Debian7. Fedora8. Solus9. OpenSuSE

10. Zorin

...according to distrowatch.com

Evolution of a Distro

What Do Supercomputers Use?

www.top500.org

What does the CRC use?

Mostly

A few

A couple

End Part I

Disclaimer: Might not be real.

Part II

Using Linux Demo

Basics, Hints, & Tips

Shells

What is a shell?“Simply put, the shell is a program that takes your commands from the keyboard and gives them to the operating system to perform. In the old days, it was the only user interface available on a Unix computer. Nowadays, we have graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in addition to command line interfaces (CLIs) such as the shell.”-- linuxcommand.org

Connecting to a Remote Server● Connect using a SSH client.● A SSH client is standard on a Mac and Linux OS.● Windows users have to install a SSH client such as MobaXterm.

Time To Connect

Command: ssh [NetID]@crcfe02.crc.nd.edu

Or

Command: ssh [NetID]@epyctestfe.crc.nd.edu

Live Demo Topics

● man● ls● tab complete● cd● mkdir● touch● cp● mv● rm● !● !$● history● vi● view● cat● grep● | (pipe)● echo

● > and >>● chmod● less● find● scp● clear● reset● wget (curl -o)● sudo● su● ping● host● which● for● env● variables● (x windows)● alias

FIN

Any Questions?