introduction to kinesiology and rehabilitation
TRANSCRIPT
KINESIOLOGY
M Farrukh Shahzad
BSPT, PPDPT
Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences
Lesson 1
Introduction
Kinesiology
Rehabilitation
INTRODUCTION TO KINESIOLOGY
Definition of Kinesiology
Definition of Rehabilitation
MECHANICS:
Mechanical Principles and Mechanics of
Position
Force - force system – Description of units.
Gravity: Center of gravity and line of gravity
Level of gravity
Equilibrium
Fixation and Stabilization
MECHANICS:
Mechanics of movement Axes /Plane
Speed
Velocity
Acceleration
Momentum
Inertia
Friction
Lever - types - application
Pulley - types - application
Anatomical application of lever system and other pulley system application
Angle of pull
INTRODUCTION TO MOVEMENT
The body levers
Forces applied to the body levers
Types of movement and posture
Patterns of movement
Timing in movement
Rhythm of movement
The nervous control of movement
STARTING POSITIONS
Definition
Fundamental positions
Standing
Kneeling
Sitting
Lying
Hanging
The pelvic tilt
POSTURE
Inactive postures
Active postures
The postural mechanism
The pattern of posture
Principles of Re- Education
Techniques of Re-Education
Prevention of muscles wasting
The initiation of muscular contraction
Strengthening methods
Abnormal postures
MUSCLE STRENGTH AND MUSCLE
ACTION
Types of Muscles contraction
Muscles tone
Physiological application to postural tone
Group action of muscles
Overview of muscle structure
Types of muscle work
Range of muscle work
Two joint muscle work
Active and passive insufficiency
Group movement of joints
Muscular weakness and paralysis
PRACTICAL TRAINING/ LAB WORK
Fundamentals of muscle testing
Methods of muscle recording
Basic muscle grading system
Evaluation of posture
Regional upper limb muscle testing as the region is covered in Anatomy I
Practical demonstrations of muscles work and its ranges
Practical demonstrations of various fundamental positions and posture analysis.
RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS
Practical exercise therapy by Margaret Hollis
Brunnstrom’s Clinical Kinesiology
Clinical kinesiology and anatomy by Lynn S Lippert
Joint structure and function: a comprehensive analysis by: Pamela. K. Levangie and Cynthia. C. Norkin.
Muscle function testing by: Cunningham and Daniel.
Human movement explain by kimjonas and karenbaker
The principles of exercise therapy by: M Dena Gardiner, 4th Edition
Review Kinesiology
Philosophy of Kinesiology
Related Fields
3 Types of Kinesiology
Rehabilitation WHO Definition
Prescription
Functions of Rehabilitation
Intervention
Rehabilitation Program
Types of Rehabilitation Physical Therapy
Occupational Therapy
Speech Therapy
Rehabilitation Facilities
Definition of Kinesiology
The word 'kinesiology' comes from the Greek
work kineses, which means motion
Kinesiology, also known as human kinetics, is
the scientific study of human movement.
Kinesiology is a tool for the therapist in
analyzing faulty movement patterns, and
deciding the adequate treatment
Kinesiology
Mechanic aspect of the body tissues, assessing of structural deviations, the examining of passive and active ROM, testing muscle force and fatigue and the evaluation of the movement coordination
Kinesiology includes the principles of biomechanics, neurophysiology and the communication with the CNS.
Impaired movement may be caused by different reasons:
Diseases, impact of external forces, genetic defects, evolutional defects, mental degeneration or other reasons.
Philosophy of Kinesiology
Our concept of kinesiology is based on the
holistic aspect* of the body and its movement.
Local aspect must always be completed with a
global look on the function of the whole body
moving in actual circumstances surrounding
the body.
Related Fields
Related sciences are:
Anatomy
Physiology.
Neurophysiology
Biomechanics
Biophysics
psychology
Pathology
3 Types of Kinesiology
Applied kinesiology: It has to do with muscle tone. Its says that the muscle tone
changes quickly according to psychological conditions
Special kinesiology; Studies inter-relations between individual segments
Clinical kinesiology: Consists of functional anatomy and physiotherapy
Functional anatomy deals with joints, bones, ligaments, basic movements, and
muscles.
Physiotherapy consists of examination: (joint play, muscle shortening,
muscle weakness) and treatment: (mobilization, manipulation)
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation is a treatment/(s) designed to facilitate the process of recovery from injury, illness, or disease to as normal a condition as possible
WHO Definition
Rehabilitation of people with disabilities is a process aimed at enabling them to reach and maintain their optimal physical, sensory, intellectual, psychological and social functional levels. Rehabilitation provides disabled people with the tools they need to attain independence and self-determination
Rehabilitation
Prescription
It is prescribed after many types of injury, illness, or disease, including amputations, arthritis, cardiac disease, neurological problems, orthopedic injuries, spinal cord injuries, stroke, sport injuries and traumatic brain injuries.
Functions of Rehabilitation: Rehabilitation addresses the patient's physical,
psychological, and environmental needs.
It is achieved by restoring the patient's physical functions and/or modifying the patient's physical and social environment
Rehabilitation
Intervention
Physiotherapists perform rehabilitation for patients
Exercises and other physical interventions must take into account the patient's deficit or injury
Program
A proper and adequate rehabilitation program can reverse many disabling conditions or can help patients cope with deficits that CAN NOT be reversed by medical care
Time taken for a program can vary from weeks to months depending on the diagnosis
Types of Rehabilitation
Physical Therapy
Physical therapy helps the patient restore the
use of muscles, bones, and the nervous system
through the use of heat, cold, , whirlpool
baths, ultrasound, mobilization, manipulation,
exercise and other techniques
It seeks to relieve pain, improve strength
,mobility, and train the patient to perform
important everyday tasks.
Exercise is the most widely used and best
known type of physical therapy. Depending on
the patient's condition, exercises may be
performed by the patient alone or with the
therapist's help
Exercise equipment for physical therapy could
include an exercise table or mat, a stationary
bicycle, walking aids, a wheelchair, practice
stairs, parallel bars, and pulleys and weights.
Occupational Therapy
Occupational therapy helps the patient regain the ability to do normal everyday tasks
This may be achieved by restoring old skills or teaching the patient new skills to adjust to disabilities
Prescribed to rehabilitate a patient after amputation, arthritis, cardiac disease, neurological injuries, orthopedic injuries, spinal cord injuries, stroke, and other injuries/illnesses
The duration of the occupational therapy program varies depending on the injury/illness being treated and the patient's response
Occupational therapy includes learning how to use devices to assist in walking (artificial limbs, canes, crutches, walkers), getting around without walking (wheelchairs or motorized scooters), or moving from one spot to another (boards, lifts, and bars)
Speech Therapy
Speech therapy helps the patient correct
speech disorders or restore speech
Speech therapy may be prescribed to
rehabilitate a patient after a brain injury,
cancer, neuromuscular diseases, stroke
The duration of the speech therapy program
varies depending on the injury/illness being
treated and the patient's response to therapy.
Rehabilitation Facilities
Rehabilitation services are provided in a
variety of settings including:
clinical practices, hospitals, nursing homes, sports
medicine clinics, offices
Some therapists make home visits
Advice on choosing the appropriate type of therapy
and therapist is provided by the patient's medical
team or doctor