•INTRODUCTION TO INTERVIEWING AND COUNSELING IN SPEECH PATHOLOGY

I will be citing several sources:**I will be citing several sources:**

• Roseberry-McKibbin, C., & Hegde, M.N. (2016). An advanced review of speech-language pathology: Preparation for PRAXIS and comprehensive examination (4th ed.). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed www.proedinc.com

• Flasher, L., & Fogle, P. (2012). Counseling skills for speech-language pathologists and audiologists (2nd ed.). New York: Cengage-Delmar.

• Berry, J.O. (2009). Lifespan perspectives on the family and disability (2nd ed.). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.

• Cormier, S., & Hackney, H.L. (2012). Counseling strategies and interventions (8th ed.). New York: Prentice Hall.

• Ponterotto, J.G., Casas, J.M., Suzuki, L.A., & Alexander, C.M. (2010). Handbook of multicultural counseling (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

• Luterman, D.M. (2008). Counseling persons with communication disorders and their families (5th ed.). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.

• Haynes, W.O., & Pindzola, R. (2012). Diagnosis and evaluation in speech pathology (8th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

• Chabon, S.S., & Cohn. E.R. (2012). The communication disorders casebook: Learning by example. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

• Turnbull, K., & Justice, L.M. (2012). Language development: From theory to practice. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

• Owens, R.E. (2016). Language development: An introduction (9th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

• DiLollo, A., & Naimeyer, R.A. (2014). Counseling in speech-language pathology and audiology: Reconstructing personal narratives. San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing.

• Reed, H.C. (2011). The Source for counseling for SLPs. East Moline, IL: LinguiSystems.

• Holland, A.L., & Nelson, R.L. (2013). Counseling in communication Disorders: A wellness perspective (2nd ed.). Plural Publishing.

• Owens, R.E., Farinella, K.A., & Metz, D.E. (2015). Introduction to communication disorders: A lifespan evidence-based perspective (5th ed.). USA: Pearson Education.

• Hulit, L.M., Fahey, K.R., & Howard, M.R. (2015). Born to talk: An introduction to speech and language development (6th ed.). USA:

Pearson Education.

• Dr. Tommie Robinson – ASHA Schools Conference July, 2014

• Pittsburgh, PA

• Counseling in Communication Disorders

I. INTRODUCTION**I. INTRODUCTION**• A major key to

clinical success is dealing with the EMOTIONS of our clients and their families.

Until emotions are dealt Until emotions are dealt with…**with…**

• People may not make progress in therapy or follow through with our recommendations for improvement

• Cone: foundation is dealing effectively with emotional issues

We can’t just skim over our We can’t just skim over our clients’ emotional issues…clients’ emotional issues…

Robinson, 2014:Robinson, 2014:

Owens, Farinella, & Metz Owens, Farinella, & Metz (2015):**(2015):**

•A person with a communication disorder may experience a host of feelings such as anger, depression, shame, embarrassment, and inadequacy

DiLollo & Naimeyer, 2014: **DiLollo & Naimeyer, 2014: **• World Health Organization (WHO) has

a health classification system:

• International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)

ICF proposes:ICF proposes:

Haynes & Pindzola, 2012, pp. Haynes & Pindzola, 2012, pp. 45-46:**45-46:**

• There is an unfortunate tradition of “sweetness and light” in client counseling. A person has a problem. The person is sad and depressed, and we try to cheer that person up. Sometimes this degenerates into a debate, with the interviewer trying to persuade the person not to feel miserable. A person who feels depressed, anxious, and fearful does not want to count his or her blessings.

Haynes & Pindzola (2012; Haynes & Pindzola (2012; continued)**continued)**

• That person wants you to feel miserable too, and to share and identify with him or her on the same level. Thus, you are given a basis for communication…start with where the person is…and agree that it is a sad state of affairs that would make anyone sad and depressed. Then, using this bond…you can assist in solving the problem. The main ingredient is empathy.

• B. Counseling by:**

– 1. Informing

– 2. Persuading

– 3. Listening and Valuing—help clients become congruent

1. Informing**1. Informing**• Medical model; information-based

• Luterman 2008, p. 1: “….we adopt an attitude of detached concern and proceed to control the clinical interaction by delivering set speeches.”

• Usually we give the diagnosis and then suggestions for what clients and families can do

A problem with this is that…A problem with this is that…

A favorite quote from Maya A favorite quote from Maya Angelou:Angelou:

2. Persuading**2. Persuading**• Counseling by persuasion--poor

approach--clients do not own their behavior

• The professional takes the responsibility for the decision, not the client

• People often don’t follow through because the decision has not come from inside them

3. Helping clients become 3. Helping clients become congruentcongruent

For clients who are feeling a For clients who are feeling a lot of emotion (e.g., anger, lot of emotion (e.g., anger,

sorrow):sorrow):

For example: (Chabon & For example: (Chabon & Cohn, 2012)Cohn, 2012)

II. OBTAINING INFORMATION**II. OBTAINING INFORMATION**• A. Case History Questionnaires

• Ideally, we can read these and think about clients before they come

• Saves time during the first interview; makes you seem prepared

• “I understand from this form that...can you tell me more about that?”

Some limitations—people may not Some limitations—people may not fill out the form accurately because fill out the form accurately because

they don’t:they don’t:

B. Observation**B. Observation**• 1. Spectator observation

• The observer is physically apart from the client (e.g., one-way mirror)

• 2. Participant observation

• We are in there with the person

C. Interviews**C. Interviews**• 1. Introduction

• An interview is a serious conversation between two parties conducted for one or more important purposes.

• There is 1) a purpose, and 2) a plan of action, and 3) good communication

• 2. Information-getting interview— we need both objective and subjective info.**

• Subjective info—how the client feels about the problem

• 3. Information-giving (more later)

Asha Leader (Margolis): Asha Leader (Margolis): Boosting Memory with Boosting Memory with

Informational CounselingInformational Counseling

Factors interfering with Factors interfering with retention of information retention of information

included…included…

Help people remember info byHelp people remember info by::

In addition…**In addition…**• Make recommendations specific rather

than general

• E.g. “Have your child read a list of 10 /r/ words once a day” instead of “have your child practice at home”

• Say to the person “If you were to explain this to ****, what would you say?”

The very best thing:**The very best thing:**• Provide info in writing

• Use clear, easy-to-read, illustrated materials

• Provide materials in patient’s primary language; use an interpreter if necessary

III. INITIAL STAGES OF III. INITIAL STAGES OF COUNSELING**COUNSELING**

• 1. Making personal contact

• 2. Explaining the process

• 3. Providing realistic hope for improvement

• 4. Planning for termination

IV. TERMINATING THERAPYIV. TERMINATING THERAPY

3. Say something like:3. Say something like: ****• I’m glad we’ve been able to work

together. I think that perhaps, at this time, due to ZYZ reason, continued therapy is not the best use of your time and money.

• I think you might be happier/better served by ------ person/facility.

4. Have List of other 4. Have List of other Resources**Resources**

• Phone numbers

• Websites

• Etc.!

Berry (2009) states that: Berry (2009) states that:

Roseberry-McKibbin & Roseberry-McKibbin & Hegde 2016:Hegde 2016:

Robinson, 2014—what is Robinson, 2014—what is outside our scope of practice outside our scope of practice

(make referrals)(make referrals)

In conclusion… ***In conclusion… ***• No matter how much we want to stay

clinical and fact-based….

• It is important to address the emotional, human side for our clients and their families