INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS

By:Samantha Rose BernardoVanessa Celine Gabaldon

AAPD2F

What is Genetics? It is the science that deals with the study

of heredity and variation. GENETICS came from the word gen,

genetikos meaning generative and genesis meaning beginning.

HEREDITY: transmission of traits from parent to offspring.

VARIATION: similarities and differences

SCIENTISTS WHO CONTRIBUTED TO

GENETICS

CHARLES DARWIN

Idea of natural evolutionOrigin of Species Pangenesis Theory

also contributed in Pangenesis Theorygemmules

ARISTOTLE

Father of modern Genetics

He used Pisum Sativum (Graden Pea) in his study.

There are 7 characteristics of pea in his study

LAW: Mendelian Laws of Inheritance (Law of Segragation and Independent Assortment)

GREGOR MENDEL

WHO DUPLICATED THE WORK OF MENDEL

(1900)

CARL CORRENS

HUGO DE VRIES

ERICH VON ISCHERMAK

FRIEDRICH MIESCHER

He said that within the chromosomes, there is weak acid.

WILLIAM HENRY SUTTON

Affiliated the behavior of chromosomes to the genes.

SCIENTISTS WHO CONFIRMED DNA

OSWALD AVERY

COLIN MUNRO MACLEOD

MACLYN McCARTY

ROSALIND FRANKLIN

Gave an idea that the structure of DNA is a helical structure.

SCOPE AND BRANCHES

CYTOGENETICSScience that deals with the physical basic of

heredity (cell)

MOLECULAR GENETICSChemical basis of heredity

Newest and most advanced field of Genetics

BRANCHES OF MOLECULAR GENETICS

GENOMICS Study of genes of an organism

PROTEONICS study of proteins coming from DNA replication.

CLASSICAL GENETICS Study of analysis of offspring to mating (parents to

offspring)

POPULATION GENETICS Deals with the transmission of trait with a large group

of individual through a passage of time.

BEHAVIORAL GENETICSStudy of behavior of an organism.

BEHAVIORAL GENETICS

Study of behavior of an organism.

METHODS OF GENETIC STUDY1. Pedigree Analysis Transmission of trait through the use of

pedigree. Pictorial representation

2. Karyotyping Detect chromosomal abnormality karyogram/ karyotype (pictorial

representation of chromosomes)

3. Planned Experimental BreedingDominant trait- can be seen and

manifested trait.Recessive- hidden traitHomozygous- two identical allelesHeterozygous- two unidentical alleles

4. Twin Study Study of twins

Kinds of Twins:Praternal- Dizygotic twinIdentical- Monozygotic twinConcordance twin(praternal)-

possess a trait or do not or bothDisconcordance(identical)- if one

possesses the other is not.

5. Statistical AnalysisMake use of several dataUse for population data

Null Negative guess

Alternative Positive guess

2 Kinds of Hypothesis

GENETIC ENGINEERING

Key factor for biotechnologyCome up with a desirable traitManipulating a certain trait

APPLICATION OF GENETICS

1. Field of Medicine2. Agriculture/Food Production/Industry3. Legal Application4. Genetic Counseling5. Genetic Code

The End