introduction to energy efficiency & insulation...2015/04/01 · why thermal insulation? (mc...

Introduction to Energy Efficiency & Insulation

Phalguni Mukhopadhyaya, Ph.D, P.Eng

Associate Professor

24 March 2015

Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (RIC) Workshop 2015

Presentation Outline

Energy Efficiency - Market Drivers

Energy Efficiency & Thermal Insulation

Insulation Fundamentals

Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs)

Market Drivers

BP Energy Outlook 2035: January 2014

Canada

Oil Consumption Per Capita 2012Tonnes

Market Drivers

Up to 40% of the Total Energy is Consumed by Built Environment

So

urc

e: B

P (

20

13

)

Market Drivers

(Energy Use in the New Millennium -Trends in IEA Countries)

Regulations to Green Solutions

2011

2012

2013

Market Drivers

2013

http://www.techstreet.com/ashrae/products/1865966?utm_source=promotion&utm_medium=landingpage&utm_campaign=86273&utm_term=86273&utm_content=86273&ashrae_auth_token=

http://www.techstreet.com/ashrae/products/1865966?utm_source=promotion&utm_medium=landingpage&utm_campaign=86273&utm_term=86273&utm_content=86273&ashrae_auth_token=

Energy Efficient Technologies

• Passive Solar Design• Heat Recovery Ventilation• Heat Pump• LED lighting

• Highly Insulated Walls, Roofs, Floor etc.• Energy efficient Windows & Doors• Air Leakage• Building-Integrated Photovoltaic

IEA Technology Roadmap: Energy Efficient Building Envelopes

Why Thermal Insulation?

(Mc Kinsey)

Prescriptive – above-ground opaque building assemblies

9

*U-values are reduced by 0.8 where radiant heating or cooling included in assembly

Heating Degree-Days of Building Location, Celsius degree-days

Zone 4:

Less than

3000

Zone 5:

3000 to

3999

Zone 6:

4000 to

4999

Zone 7A:

5000 to

5999

Zone 7B:

6000 to

6999

Zone 8:

Greater than

or equal to

7000

Maximum Overall Thermal Transmittance (U-value, W/m2K)*

Walls 0.315 0.278 0.247 0.210 0.210 0.183

Roofs 0.227 0.183 0.183 0.162 0.162 0.142

Floors 0.227 0.183 0.183 0.162 0.162 0.142

Increased Insulation Use

NECB 2011

Insulations & Increasing R-Values

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Air Space Vermiculite Perlite Cellulose Mineral Fibre

Polymeric Foam

Aerogel VIP

R-V

alu

e P

er

Inc

h.

Heat Transfer Across Air Spaces –

Contribution by Radiation, Conduction and Convection

1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

Convection

Conduction

Radiation

0

0.2

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

0.4

1.6 H

eat

Flo

w / T

em

pera

ture

Dif

fere

nc

e

= 1

/R B

TU

/HR

FT

2 F

Ordinary Air Spaces Air Spaces With Reflective Surface

Spaces Filled With Glass Fibres

CBD – 149; Shirtliffe


0.03

0.02

0.01

20 40 60 80 100

Th

erm

al

co

nd

ucti

vit

y (

W/m

.K)

Density (kg/m3)

00

Air conduction

Radiation

Solid conduction


•Closed-cell foam insulation• Blowing agent conductivity Air conductivity

•Aerogel• Air conductivity (nanopore) < Air conductivity (macropore)

•Vacuum insulation Panel (VIP)• Air conductivity Zero


Solid polymer

matrix

Closed cell

(Blowing agent)

•Closed cell foam insulation


•Aerogel: Air conductivity (nanopore) < Air conductivity (macropore)

0

0.004

0.008

0.012

0.016

0.020

0.024

0.028

1.0E-02 1.0E-01 1.0E+00 1.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.0E+03 1.0E+04 1.0E+05

Gas pressure (Pa)

Fumed

silica/aerogel

Pore diameter 10 mm1 mm

0.1 mm

0.01 mm

0.001 mm

Th

erm

alC

on

du

ct i

vit

y[W

/(m

K)]


•VIP: Air conductivity component Zero

0.03

0.02

0.01

20 40 60 80 100

Th

erm

al

co

nd

ucti

vit

y (

W/m

.K)

Density (kg/m3)

00

Air conduction

Radiation

Solid conduction


Glass Fibre

EPS

499 mm (19.7”)

R63

VIP


EPS & Vacuum Insulation Panel (VIP)Source NRC


Core Material

Gas Barrier / Facer Foil

Getter / Desiccant

19

Gas Barrier

Core Material


1. Core Material - imparts mechanical strength and thermal

insulating capacity.

2. Gas Barrier / Facer Foil - provides air and vapour tight

enclosure for core material.

3. Getter / Desiccant - adsorbs residual or permeating

atmospheric gases or water vapour in the VIP enclosure.

20


21

Manufacturing of Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs)

(1) Raw Materials

Selection (Core & Foil)

(2) Mixing of Core

Components

(3) Pressing of

Core

(4) Cut to Size

& Dry (Core)

(5) Wrapping /

Bagging

(6) Vacuuming

& Sealing

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-K4iuf2snE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-K4iuf2snE


• Inherent advantages• Higher thermal resistance*• Reduced thickness of the component• Recyclable

* Any damage in the vacuum system (even a small pinhole) will

severely destroy the thermal insulating capacity of VIPs


• Challenges•Cost (relatively expensive)•Building physics and engineering

• Aging and durability• Thermal bridge effects at edges• Condensation

24


25


26


Source

(Insulation)

$/Sq. Ft. $/Sq. Ft./R-Value

A (VIP) 3.70 0.08

B (VIP) 10.00 0.26

C (VIP) 20.00 0.71

D (VIP) 11.00 0.31

E (VIP) 3.70 0.19

F (fibreglass) 0.50 0.04

Source: Private Communications

27


Thermal Bridge

•Use large panels

•Overlap panels

• Fill gaps at edges with insulating materials

Source: IEA/ECBCS Annex 39

Warm side

Cold side

28


Moisture Management

•VIP is an absolute vapour barrier

•Avoid damp construction materials

•Consequences of vacuum failure

New building energy codes and regulations offer a

great opportunity for new generation of thermal

insulations.

Vacuum Insulation is an exciting new building

envelope technology for the construction industry.

Development of technical guides/standards & long-

term performance assessment are priority research

areas.

Summary

29

•National Research Council Canada (NRC)

•Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)

• Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC)

• Kingspan Insulated Panels

• Yukon Housing

• Yukon Cold Climate Innovation Centre

• Panasonic Canada

• Energy Solutions Centre

• Yukon College

Acknowledgement

Thank You !!

Questions ??

introduction to energy efficiency & insulation...2015/04/01 · why thermal insulation? (mc...

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