introduction to digital radio - on line ham radio class digital voice systems d-star (icom)...
TRANSCRIPT
Digital has long been part of
Amateur radio
Amateur Radio started with digital only – CW
Since the 1930’s many other digial modes have been invented
First teletype sent
Image based data
Images themselves in the 50’s with wide popularity in the 70’s with
commercial available products.
Personal Computer in the 80’s brought
AX.25
Soundboard based protocols: PSK, AMTOR
Where is digital used
Interconnection and Networking Solutions
Interconnecting repeaters, and gateways across Internet based
network. Radio access (air interface) still conventional FM Analog
Digital Radio to Radio
Interconnected repeater, and gateways across Internet based
100% digital. Higher data and voice quality due to no transcoding
Why use digital – Benefits?
Information which can be recorded, shared, retransmitted,
managed, controlled, and verified.
More efficient use of radio spectrum resources
Effective in more adverse radio conditions
Required less energy for the same information quality exchange
VHF & UHF
Communicate with higher quality further distances
More efficient use of battery resources
Much richer controls, and interconnection
More efficient band management
Why Digital? Does FM work just
fine?
Better Signal Quality long distance from the repeater
Separate control channel: controls are not passed in the audio
channel
Control is in the radio firmware: more immediate and responsive.
Better quality across the Internet: All digital
No Transcoding audio – digital – audio
Digital protocols easier to interconnect across the Internet
Simultaneous voice and data
Two repeater channels in the same bandwidth as FM
Better Signal Quality
No hiss, popping, or static
Better RF range than older digital technologies
Forward Error Correction and Cyclic Redundancy Check coders
EchoLink
Networking
Repeater to Repeater
Repeater to PC
Analog – Digital – Analog
AllStar
Computer based linking of simple and duplex repeaters.
Open system running on different versions of Linux , Windows, and Cloud
Based on the Open Source PBX Asterisk.
Similar to Echolink with some distinct advantages
Software very portable and available on different platforms including Raspberry Pi
Based on a PBX used by business, universities, and government. Built and operating telephone networks for this community.
Very robust on features, reliably built and a very large installed user community.
Hardware and Software add-ons provided by market place of companies.
Based on IAX, or SIP networking.
Vermont All Star Network
Simple, portable, and inexpensive
Mobile Hot
SpotSBC
Radio
Transceiver
What are some of the networks in
use today for UHF/VHF
Echolink
Allstar
D-Star
P25
Fusion
DMR
D-Star
All digital voice, and data. First to the amateur market place
ICOM sources full solutions: radios, repeaters, gateways, and controllers.
Open control protocol: Licensed managed CODEC
Advanced interface control
Modes
Radio to Radio – simples
Repeater to Repeater in sub networks
Reflectors for conference bridge style
Both voice and data: GPS, messaging, etc
50,000+ Users on DSTAR today
Websites
http://dstarusers.org/
http://www.wb8nut.com/dstar/
http://www.icomamerica.com/en
/products/amateur/dstar/dstar/de
fault.aspx
Manufacturer Radio(s) Repeater(s) More Information
AOR AR-DV1 Receiver No
Wide band receiver (100 kHz -
1300 MHz) capable of decoding
multiple digital voice modes
DV-RPTR Node adapter & Hotspot Yes
Open Source hardware and
firmware. Can be used for simplex
node or repeater.
DVMEGADualband Radio Hotspot & GMSK
Node AdaptorYes
Hotspot and GMSK Node Adaptors
give D-STAR users access to the
reflector network.
www.dvmega.auria.nl
FlexRadio Systems Yes No(FLEX-6700, FLEX-6500, FLEX-6300,
FLEX-6700R)
Icom Yes Yes
(ID-1, ID-800H, ID-880H, IC-2200H,
IC-2820H, IC-80D, IC-91AD, IC-
92AD, ID-RP2000V, ID-RP4000V, ID-
31A, ID-51A, IC-7100, IC-9100, ID-
5100A)
Kenwood Yes No
(Kenwood at one time "re-badged"
an Icom radio in Japan which is no
longer for sale.)
MicroWalt Corporation DUTCH*Star Mini Hotspot & Node Adaptor Yes
Hotspot / Node Adaptors give D-
STAR users access to remote D-
STAR systems using over-the-air
interface. Can be used as a
simplex node or repeater.
Moetronix DV Dongle & DVAP No(Available through multiple
amateur radio dealers.)
NW Digital RadioDV3000U and DV3000 AMBE
decodersNo
ThumbDV D-STAR DV USB (AMBE
decoder in thumb drive) and D-
STAR DV add on card for Raspberry
Pi
UP4DAR Node adapter & Hotspot Yes
Open Source hardware and
firmware. Can be used for IP-
reflector, dongle, modem or
hotspot.
DSTAR Manufactures
P25
Only going to mention the existence of P25
Very limited use in amateur community
Extensive install based in USA market
One of the earliest digital protocols
Is not 100% digital
Fusion
Yaesu based protocol
C4FM FDMA based modulation
Group Monitoring
Picture Messaging
Only one C4FM manufacture
Websites
http://systemfusion.yaesu.com/wh
at-is-system-fusion/
http://dev.yaesusystemfusion.com
/wires-x/
Yaesu Fusion Equipment Family
DMR: A NEW MODE FOR AMATEUR DIGITAL RADIO
DMR
Digital Radio to Radio with interconnection of repeaters and
gateways through the Internet
AMBE+2 ODFM based modulation
Radio support voice, text, and data (gps)
Radios can be extended with applications
Open standard supported Internationally
Based on open protocols – TDMA
Integrated network digital network control and structured
What is DMR - Digital Mobile Radio
100% digital only radio communications over the VHF, or
UHF frequencies.
Technology is extensively used through out the world
Authorized by the FCC for amateur use ~5 years ago.
Growing in use by amateurs around the world.
Supports Voice, Text, and Data over VHF and UHF
Most repeaters are linked over the Internet and world
wide accessible
Digital Mobile Radio An ETSI published worldwide standard
Over a DOZEN manufacturers of radios (Connect Sysems,Tytera, Vertex, Motorola, Kenwood, and Alinco)
Superior voice quality (AMBE+2) vs older digital modes (AMBE, IMBE, GMSK)
Longer battery life! Automatic Roaming!
Supports multiple talk groups on one freq.
Supports data applications (txt,email,gps)
Economical radios and used radio market
Benefits of DMR
Larger manufacturing base of equipment providers
Radios, repeaters, and applications
Latest CODEC technology
Two voice or data channels in the same 25 KHZ pass band
Wider Guard channel
DMR Association
Equipment Mfg Members
Amateur Digital Voice Systems
D-STAR (Icom)
GMSK/AMBE Vocoder
P25 Phase 1 (Multi-Vendor)
FDMA/IMBE Vocoder
P25 Phase 2 (Multi-Vendor)
2-slot TDMA/AMBE+2 Vocoder
System Fusion (Yaesu)
FDMA/C4FM/AMBE+2 Vocoder
DMR (Multi-Vendor)
2-slot TDMA/AMBE+2 Vocoder
TWO Repeaters in One!
]
Lower infrastructure cost, 1 box in rack
TWO voice/data channels from one repeater
Half the Channel Bandwidth
Traditional Analog
25 kHz
Channel Bandwidth
1 Channel
1 Repeater
DMR
12.5 kHz
Channel Bandwidth
2 Channels
1 Repeater
fc fcfc + 12.5 fc - 12.5 fc – 6.25 fc + 6.25
16K0F3E 7K60FXE
More Spectrum Efficient
than Older Digital Modes
No Guard Band
between 2
channels
Total BW= 12.5 kHz
fc fc + 11.25 fc – 11.25 fc + 6.25 fcfc - 6.25
Guard Band
as large as 10 kHz
between channels
Total BW= 22.5 kHz
Other Benfits of DMR
Simple repeater configuration
No PC or server required at the repeater site.
Open ETSI standard
Anyone can contribute to international standards and protocol
Large market of used equipment from commercial market
Better Audio Quality
Listen for yourself. DMR does sound better
than older digital technologies.
Longer Battery Life
“For each hour of usage the TDMA radios show between
19% and 34% less battery capacity is required than for the
FDMA models.”
“40 percent improvement in talk time in comparison with
analog radios “http://dmrassociation.org
DMR
(TDMA)
Older Digital Modes
(FDMA)
Data and Voice at
the Same Time
Slot 1 Voice
Slot 2 GPS Location(or second channel voice when not sending GPS data)
Give your location WHILE talking!
IP Site Connect
1 or 2 slots (channels)
Bridging
Hardware
MasterMaster
Master
Peer
Peer
Peer
Link statewide/regionwide systems
Peer
Peer
Peer
Dynamic Mixed Mode:
First in – First Out
OR
Analog Analog
Slot 1 TDMA
Slot 2 TDMA
Slot 1 TDMA
Slot 2 TDMA
Repeater dynamically detects the type of input
IP site connect is supported on digital modes
This is an option for a phased migration from
analog to networked DMR repeaters.
Voice Communications
Conventional Simplex
Conventional Radio to Radio through a repeater
Area wide Talk Groups interconnecting repeaters
Event based Talk Groups
Scheduled Nets or Events
Emergency Response communication
Free Text Messaging
Send to one person, or a group of
people.
- Weather Alerts
- Club Meetings
- Announcements
Motorola Amateur Radio Clubs and other private repeater
owners
500+ site network in 47countries
Also bridged to other networks DCI, NorCal, AZ, NC, MI, KS,
CO and Texas DMR networks
100% Pure Digital
More than 24,000 registered users
To register or learn more http://dmr-marc.net
Go to Google
Networks Map
Local DMR Repeaters
NH – Hudson K1MOT 145.26
NH - Hudson K1MOT 447.725
NH – Derry K1QVC 145.31
NH - Chester K1OX 145.19
NH - Manchester W1RCF 145.22
NH - Goffstown N1PA 145.20
NH - Bow K1OX 145.17
MA – Chelmsford N1IW 145.18
MA – Acton NO1A 146.42
MA - Southboro AE1C 145.270
New England and Maritimes
Recent Network Expansions
Fredericton, NB
Moncton, NB
St. John, NB
Calais, ME
Bangor, ME
Augusta, ME
Mt. Ascutney, VT
Pico Peak, VT
Mt. Lincoln, VT
Brattleboro, VT
More sites welcome!
Other interesting DMR info
Vermont has gone from 0 to 4 DMR repeaters in less than one year!
Coverage is a good 1/3 of the state or more
Near solid coverage from MA border to north of WRJ on I-91
Near Solid coverage from WRJ to exit 8 on UHF
VHF and UHF repeaters in Burlington area
More in the works in Vermont!
Vermont State Wide Talk group now has ~7 repeaters
Amateur DMR is Trending
Jan 2013 = 2511 Users
Jan 2014 = 4618 Users
Jan 2015 = 9802 Users
Jan 2016 = 24,388 Users
This past year, a 149% increase. Primarily fueled by the competition among radio manufacturers and features offered.
Feb 2016 = 30640 Users
WorldWide
Getting started
Amateurs must register with the central DMR database to obtain
a Subscriber ID. An amateur cannot operate a DMR radio
without the Subscriber ID.
http://www.dmr-marc.net/cgi-bin/trbo-database/register.cgi
Each radio must be defined with a subscriber ID.
Amateurs normally will not register no more than two IDs.
1) Portable radio
2) Mobile radio
Encouraged to register up two subscriber ids per
call sign only.
Radios with the same Subscriber ID – only one can be
in use at the same time.
ate
Subscriber ID number structure
Subscriber ID is structured some what like worldwide phone numbers
3150007
Unique assigned number
State
United States
North America
http://www.ve2tax.com/lastheard.aspxhttp://CAN TRBO
XPR4550 Mobile
MD782 mobile
DMR Radios
SL+XPR7550 Portables
Portables
Hytera PD782
HyteraMD380
CSICS620
MTR-3000 100 w.Repeater
Ham Friendly Dealers
Sandy’s Comm., contact Jeff, 866.993.9011
TwoWayDigitalRadio.com, contact Ken 706.896.0000
Connect Systems http://csi-radios.com/
E-Bay or Local Dealers
TRBO DMR radios are DMR–and-Analog monoband
Some DMR Web Sites(check out the links below)
http://dmr-marc.net/ (WW
Net)
http://nedecn.org (New
England)
DMR: A NEW MODE FOR AMATEUR
DIGITAL RADIO
Spectrum Efficient !
Supported by multiple manufacturers!
Automatic Roaming for Safe Driving!
Longer Battery Life!
3 Year Warrantees on many radios
Resilient Networks (no servers needed at sites)
Questions?
Contact Bill Barber, [email protected]
Contact Don Price, [email protected]
Or http://dmr-marc.net/contact.html