introduction to ceramic glazeeng.sut.ac.th/ceramic/old/course_link/63.pdf · the kiln. • high...
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Introduction to Ceramic glaze
Part I
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Introduction
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��� ���������ก���������������Introduction
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Glass formation
• Low viscosity liquid slow cool from A to B. (Tf= freezing point temp.)�crystallization to C will occur.
• Rapid cool� B to E (Tg= glass temp.)
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Glass and crystal
• B2O3, SiO2, GeO2
and P2O5 can form to glass on their own.
• Crystalline: symmetry
• Glass or non-crystalline: non-symmetry
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Silica and fused silica
Si-O tetrahedron
Quartz (silica): long range order
> 1470ºC
Fused silica: short range order
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Glass structure• Glass former or network
former: oxygen atoms are bonded to no more than two cation atoms; the coordination number of the cation to oxygen is low ( 4 or less); Oxygen polyhedra share corners, not edges or faces; at least 3 corners of each polyhedron must be shared. (triangles and tetrahedra)
• Intermediates: co-former• Network modifier: suppose to
occupy random positions interstitially in the lattice (valency = 1 or 2)
Sodium silicate glass
Si4+ , B 3+ , P 5+ , As 3+ ,As 5+ , Sb 3+ , Sb 5+ , Te 4+
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• Network former: Bond strength 80-120 kcal/mol
• Intermediates: bond strength 55-75 kcal/mol
• Modifier: bond strength 10-45 kcal/mol
Field strength = I / r2
I = valencyr = ionic radius
If field strength > 12 � glass former
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ก�������ก ��������������
• ������!&�'ก��/�����. �8$� salt glaze, lead glaze, leadless glaze, feldspartic glaze
• ���8�� %��������� ! �8$� whiteware glaze, porcelain glaze, stoneware glaze
• ������$�/.(�� �8$� Rockingham glaze, Segerporcelain glaze
• ���ก�'��ก������ �8$� Raw glaze, fritted glaze• ��������7����� �8$� Low temp. glaze, high temp. glaze
• �����ก:�'/.(&��ก; �8$� clear glaze, Matt glaze, Opaque glaze
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ก�������ก ��!���������Introduction
• ������/.(�.�'ก�(�&+����!&�'ก�� (Lead glaze)
• ������/.(&��<#�ก�'ก�( (Leadless glaze)
• ������9��� (Fritted glaze) ������/.(�.�$��������$��������/�,��� =7ก�5��������&+��ก�ก$�� ���#1��5�-&� ����&+��,5�������
• ������/1���� (Matte glaze) ������/.()��2������$��- ����)����-�$- ���) #1�8$)&> ������,�������� !
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Example of Lead glaze
• Cone 4 tableware glaze (mole ratio)
0.0356 Na2O 0.0625 B2O3 0.6707 SiO2
0.0131 K2O 0.0677 Al2O3
0.0983 CaO
0.0520 PbO
• Cone 06 clear glaze
0.0125 Na2O 0.0585 B2O3 0.6294 SiO2
0.0167 CaO 0.0644 Al2O3 0.0020 ZrO2
0.0467 SrO
0.1698 PbO
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Example of leadless glaze
• Cone 1 wall tile glaze0.0185 Na2O 0.0617 B2O3 0.5802 SiO2
0.0216 K2O 0.0586 Al2O3 0.0154 ZrO2
0.1481 CaO0.0093 MgO0.0154 BaO0.0957 ZnO
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Opaque glaze
• ������/.(�.������%�� ��*ก� ก�'#�)�)7$/�(-& /5�2���ก� ก��ก�'�#��%�����/.(���กก�'/� %�� ������/.(����'��2�ก��/5�2���ก� ���/1���� 0.4 -����� ������&�'��/�.,�ก� #�กก���������.������ก-" ! �8$� zircon
www.amaco.com/prod-deco-gloss-dg-glazes-lead-...
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���"�#��������������#$��%&'ก�• ���"�ก'�����! �()ก�)��������)�'�����$�
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���&�'ก��/.(/5�2���ก� ก��/1����:• ���&�'ก��/.(-�$�'��)2������� �8$� ZrSiO4, SnO2, ZrO2• ���&�'ก��/.(�ก��1ก/.���� - ��ก$���&�'ก��%��9�7���.� �8$� AlF3, BaF3, CaF3• ��ก-" !/.(�.D/E�F�&+�ก� "1(�#'����2��ก�- ����)��ก �8$� Al2O3, mullite
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• �.8$�ก����ก��/.(����'��• �.�$�ก��%)�)�����(��#�ก�������/.(����'��ก�����,�������� !• ���,�������(�ก�) /5�&;�ก���)�ก�����,�������� ! �.ก��)1 �� . • �.�������'��2�/���/����2�ก����������������� ! • �.�������'��2�ก�����.)���������'ก�����������• &�'ก�� �)��=� ��/.(��- ��$�) ��'����=7ก • �.�������'��2�ก��������,�� .)- � (Fast single-firing process)
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• ��������1ก (Crystalline glaze)• Aventurine glazes: transparent glazes with
sparkling� control 10-15% iron oxide, a rate of cooling.
• Crackle glazes• Luster glazes • The Raku process• Salt glazes• Ash glazes • Celadon glazes• Chun glazes
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Opaque glaze
• Pigments or opacifiers
• Finer the particle size of the crystals, the greater the reflection
• 0.4 microns• Zircon
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Matte glazes
• Very small crystals and evenly dispersed on the glaze
• Zinc silicate (willemite)• Calcium silicate (wollastonite)
• Calcium aluminum disilicate (anorthite)
• Barium aluminum disilicate
• Clay, alumina
Gloss glaze
Matte glaze
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Crystalline glazes
• The rate of cooling (1000-400ºC)
• Glaze formula (low alumina with elements used to form the crystal�zinc, titanium, iron oxides
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Aventurine glazes
• Sparkling effect
• 10-15% iron oxide to a transparent glazes with very low molten viscosity.
• Chromium, copper, uranium
• Slow cooling to re-crystalline
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Crackle glazes
• Glaze has higher in coefficient of thermal expansion than the body.
• High alkaline
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Luster glazes
• A thin film of metal on the glaze surface
• Heating a metallic salt with resin, followed by dissolution in a suitable oil such as lavender oil.
• Mixing 3 times (by wt) of metallic salts in clay� reducing atmosphere
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The Raku process
• Loading ware into a red-hot kiln� short soak� remove from the kiln.
• High alkali content in glaze
• Reduction effects can be produced by quenching the glazed ware in oil or in a bed of sawdust, grass.
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Salt glazes
• Throwing rock salt or common salt into a gas-fired kiln while the ware is in the hot zone.
• 2NaCl +H2O = 2HCl + Na2O
• Na2O + aluminosilicatebody = Na aluminosilicate
• 1060 or 1180ºC
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Ash glazes
• Wood ash
• Reduced firing
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Celadon glazes
• Color produced in reduced feldspathicglazes by low percentage of iron.
• Fired in strong reduction from as low as 950ºc.
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The Chun glazes
• Pale to deep blue color with an occasional splash of copper red
• Titania
• Phosphate, in low (0.5%) concentration
• Thick glazes in strong reduction