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INTRODUCTION TO BRITISH HISTORY
Instructor: Nguyen Duy Mong Ha, M.A. & M.Sc.
USSH-VNU-HCMC
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Mobile phone: 0919694811
Office hours: Monday afternoon, Block C, DTH Campus
Content
Review of physical setting of British Civilization
The historical setting of British Civilization
- Earliest times
- The early middle ages
- The middle middle ages
- The late middle ages
- The modern times
5 things you know & want to know about British history
KNOW
Queen Elizabeth II
Margaret Thatcher
Commonwealth
Diana accident
13 American colonies under British rule before Independence 1776
WANT TO KNOW
Role of England during WWI
Relationship between the UK & the North American colonies (the present USA)
The early times of the Celtic people in the low land
The history of Big Ben
The role of the UK in the WWII
The reasons for colonizing
5 things you know & want to know about British history
KNOW
The Celts
Industrial revolution
King Henry VIII with 6 wives
Powerful country with so many colonies & foreign teritories
Margaret Thatcher (Iron lady) 1st female Prime Minister of the UK
WANT TO KNOW
The Anglican (The Church of England)
The war of the Roses
King Arthur
Queen Elizabeth II
The Origin of Parliament
The war between Northern Ireland & the Republic of Ireland
Battle of Hastings
5 things you know & want to know about British history
KNOW
Anglo-Saxon
Agricultural & industrial Revolution
Robin Hood
British empire (America, India, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, SA, Belize,.)
Henry VIII (6 wives, Father of Mary & Elizabeth I)
WANT TO KNOW
The Vikings influence
Victoria
Elizabeth I
Henry III
Civil war
Crusade
Brainstorming
How have the seas and ocean which surround Britain influenced the British history ?
- Foreign invasions from Europe
- Invasions by ships along the coast
- Ship-building: trading, colonizing other territories
-
Compared with Vietnam ?
Introduction of British history
History: nearly 2,000 years beginning
with the arrival of the Romans soon after their invasion of Britain in AD43.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/timelines/british/index_embed.shtml
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/overview_normans_01.shtml
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/timelines/british/index_embed.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/timelines/british/index_embed.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/overview_normans_01.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/overview_normans_01.shtml
THE PRE-HISTORIC PEOPLE & THE CELTS
250,000BC: First evidence of human life
5000 BC: Britain became an island
3000 BC: Tribes of Neolithic people had crossed the water from Europe, probably from the Iberian peninsula(now Spain)
A race of nomadic hunter-gatherers were the earliest inhabitants
Before 2000 BC , Stonehenge was constructed
Stonehenge construction
Who?
When?
Where?why?
how?
Foundation stones The celtic kingdoms The Bluestones
About 2,000 BC, the first stone circle (which is now the inner circle), comprised of small bluestones, was set up, but abandoned before completion.
The best guess: the Stonehenge site was begun by the people of the late Neolithic period (around 3000 BC) and carried forward by the Beaker
The Beaker used pottery drinking vessels, began to use metal implements and to live in a more communal fashion than their ancestors.
http://www.britannia.com/history/h7.html
http://www.britannia.com/history/h7.html
Began to arrive
until the arrival of Romans
Came from
Eastern and
Central Europe
Became dominant
due to owning
iron weapons
Ancestors of
Highland Scots,
Irish and Welsh
700 BC the Celts
Celtic warrior
Early history New Stone Age 3,000 BC: Neolithic people from
Europe (pottery): Iberian (Spanish), North African ?
2,400 BC : round-headed, strong built (Beaker)
Stonehenge: monument or astronomical clock?
700 BC-800BC: tall, fair hair, blue eyes (Celts) from central Europe ? Iron Age (metal skills)
The Celts intermingled with the pre-historic peoples who were there
Native Britons (under Roman rule in England, Wales
The Gaels in Ireland & Scotland: against Roman
The Celtic way of living
Tribal
Agricultural, farming
Rural way of living, villages
THE ROMANS TIME(43AD- 410 AD)
55 BC Julius Caesar first
crossed the English channel to lead Roman invasion .
43 AD Emperor Claudius headed the successful invasion .
They called Britain by its Greco-Roman name,
Pretani and set up Roman capital named Londinium (London)
The Romans remained in control of Pretani , renamed Britannia for
nearly 400 years
Romans built many centres linked by a network of roads with their military purpose, but they also encouraged trade by enabling goods to be moved rapidly about the country
Utilising Britains resources, they constructed baths, temples, amphitheatres and villas
They also brought literacy to the country, using Latin language and the new religion Chistianity.
Amphitheatre Temple
British history: Around 2,000 years ago The Romans55 BC 400 (AD) Roman rule has a large impact on England. Biggest single influence on Britain
The Roman Empire was extensive
- The Romans moved north and west through British Tribes until they met the fearsome Picts and the cold, wet weather.- They stopped and built Hadrians Wall instead.- This area became Scotland!
Roman period (43 410 AD)
Roman invasion
Roman defense
Roman occupation
Roman technology
Roman Towns
LondonManchesterCambridgeExeterCarlisleChesterColchesterYorkNewcastleBath
Roman roads
today
Roman heritage
During Roman invasion
Roman dress, arts
Roman language (Latin)
Roman law & administration
Roman towns/cities
Roman road system
Roman temples, baths, villas
Christianity
After Roman invasion
Disappeared
Influenced very little
Disappeared
Few
Still exist
Destroyed
Still exist (after St. Augustine)
THE ANGLO-SAXONTHE VIKINGS(410-1066)
Brainstorming
Why did the Romans leave Britain?
To protect the homeland (Rome) being threatened by the barbarian groups in Europe
Did many Roman people settle their lives in large-scale in Britain?
No, the Roman put Britain under military control rather than a large-scale permanent settlement
Germanic invasion (410- 1066)
King Arthur (legendary)
5th-6th century: Anglo-Saxon (strong farming, rural way of life)
Christianity remained
Germanic invasion in the 8th Century (Vikings)
Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, isone of the oldest and most famous Christianstructures in England and forms part of aWorld Heritage Site.
Founded by Augustine in 602. CanterburyCathedral was changed in structure and rebuiltmany time in the history of England.
It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury,leader of the Church of England and symbolic leaderof the worldwide Anglican Communion. Its formaltitle is the Cathedral and Metro political Church ofChrist at Canterbury.
449-550: Arrival of Jutes from Jutland, Angles from South Denmark and Saxons from Germany
The Anglo-Saxons battled among themselvesKing Offa built a great dyke to keep out Welsh
In the mid-9th century, the Danish Vikings had been raiding the country
897, Vikings were defeated at sea by king Alfred, the founder of British navy
980-1016 Viking invasions renewed after Alfreds death.
1017 Canute, first Danish king was chosen by the Witan The Anglo-Saxons.
Laid the foundations of the English state, divided the country into shires.
Established the manorial system whereby the lord collected taxes and organized the local army .
Created the Witan or council to advise the king.
Summary of Pre-Norman BritainPeople Dates Characteristics /Achievements
Neolithic (Iberian,The Beaker
3000BC-2400 BC
Stonehenge, metal-working skillsPottery
The Celts 800-700BC Tribal organization, agriculture, Celtic lg, Iron Age Celtic culture
The Romans 55 BC (Caesar), 43 AD Claudius410 AD
Roman dress, Latin, cities /towns, roads, villas, temples, baths,theatres, Christianity, art, law & administration, military
The Anglo-Saxons (Angles, Saxons, Jutes central Eu)
5thC New farming methods, Germanic(Old English), pagans before being Christianized, settlement
The Danish /Vikings(Denmark)
8thC Ships, plunder (pirates), trading, coastal areas, Christianity, Germanic
With the Normans, England became a unified country for thefirst time since the Romans left 600 years earlier. The Normankings consolidated their