INTRODUCTION TO BRITISH HISTORY

Instructor: Nguyen Duy Mong Ha, M.A. & M.Sc.

USSH-VNU-HCMC

Email: ndmongha@yahoo.de, ndmongha@gmail.com

Mobile phone: 0919694811

Office hours: Monday afternoon, Block C, DTH Campus

mailto:ndmongha@yahoo.demailto:ndmongha@gmail.com

Content

Review of physical setting of British Civilization

The historical setting of British Civilization

- Earliest times

- The early middle ages

- The middle middle ages

- The late middle ages

- The modern times

5 things you know & want to know about British history

KNOW

Queen Elizabeth II

Margaret Thatcher

Commonwealth

Diana accident

13 American colonies under British rule before Independence 1776

WANT TO KNOW

Role of England during WWI

Relationship between the UK & the North American colonies (the present USA)

The early times of the Celtic people in the low land

The history of Big Ben

The role of the UK in the WWII

The reasons for colonizing

5 things you know & want to know about British history

KNOW

The Celts

Industrial revolution

King Henry VIII with 6 wives

Powerful country with so many colonies & foreign teritories

Margaret Thatcher (Iron lady) 1st female Prime Minister of the UK

WANT TO KNOW

The Anglican (The Church of England)

The war of the Roses

King Arthur

Queen Elizabeth II

The Origin of Parliament

The war between Northern Ireland & the Republic of Ireland

Battle of Hastings

5 things you know & want to know about British history

KNOW

Anglo-Saxon

Agricultural & industrial Revolution

Robin Hood

British empire (America, India, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, SA, Belize,.)

Henry VIII (6 wives, Father of Mary & Elizabeth I)

WANT TO KNOW

The Vikings influence

Victoria

Elizabeth I

Henry III

Civil war

Crusade

Brainstorming

How have the seas and ocean which surround Britain influenced the British history ?

- Foreign invasions from Europe

- Invasions by ships along the coast

- Ship-building: trading, colonizing other territories

-

Compared with Vietnam ?

Introduction of British history

History: nearly 2,000 years beginning

with the arrival of the Romans soon after their invasion of Britain in AD43.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/timelines/british/index_embed.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/overview_normans_01.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/timelines/british/index_embed.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/timelines/british/index_embed.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/overview_normans_01.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/normans/overview_normans_01.shtml

THE PRE-HISTORIC PEOPLE & THE CELTS

250,000BC: First evidence of human life

5000 BC: Britain became an island

3000 BC: Tribes of Neolithic people had crossed the water from Europe, probably from the Iberian peninsula(now Spain)

A race of nomadic hunter-gatherers were the earliest inhabitants

Before 2000 BC , Stonehenge was constructed

Stonehenge construction

Who?

When?

Where?why?

how?

Foundation stones The celtic kingdoms The Bluestones

About 2,000 BC, the first stone circle (which is now the inner circle), comprised of small bluestones, was set up, but abandoned before completion.

The best guess: the Stonehenge site was begun by the people of the late Neolithic period (around 3000 BC) and carried forward by the Beaker

The Beaker used pottery drinking vessels, began to use metal implements and to live in a more communal fashion than their ancestors.

http://www.britannia.com/history/h7.html

http://www.britannia.com/history/h7.html

Began to arrive

until the arrival of Romans

Came from

Eastern and

Central Europe

Became dominant

due to owning

iron weapons

Ancestors of

Highland Scots,

Irish and Welsh

700 BC the Celts

Celtic warrior

Early history New Stone Age 3,000 BC: Neolithic people from

Europe (pottery): Iberian (Spanish), North African ?

2,400 BC : round-headed, strong built (Beaker)

Stonehenge: monument or astronomical clock?

700 BC-800BC: tall, fair hair, blue eyes (Celts) from central Europe ? Iron Age (metal skills)

The Celts intermingled with the pre-historic peoples who were there

Native Britons (under Roman rule in England, Wales

The Gaels in Ireland & Scotland: against Roman

The Celtic way of living

Tribal

Agricultural, farming

Rural way of living, villages

THE ROMANS TIME(43AD- 410 AD)

55 BC Julius Caesar first

crossed the English channel to lead Roman invasion .

43 AD Emperor Claudius headed the successful invasion .

They called Britain by its Greco-Roman name,

Pretani and set up Roman capital named Londinium (London)

The Romans remained in control of Pretani , renamed Britannia for

nearly 400 years

Romans built many centres linked by a network of roads with their military purpose, but they also encouraged trade by enabling goods to be moved rapidly about the country

Utilising Britains resources, they constructed baths, temples, amphitheatres and villas

They also brought literacy to the country, using Latin language and the new religion Chistianity.

Amphitheatre Temple

British history: Around 2,000 years ago The Romans55 BC 400 (AD) Roman rule has a large impact on England. Biggest single influence on Britain

The Roman Empire was extensive

- The Romans moved north and west through British Tribes until they met the fearsome Picts and the cold, wet weather.- They stopped and built Hadrians Wall instead.- This area became Scotland!

Roman period (43 410 AD)

Roman invasion

Roman defense

Roman occupation

Roman technology

Roman Towns

LondonManchesterCambridgeExeterCarlisleChesterColchesterYorkNewcastleBath

Roman roads

today

Roman heritage

During Roman invasion

Roman dress, arts

Roman language (Latin)

Roman law & administration

Roman towns/cities

Roman road system

Roman temples, baths, villas

Christianity

After Roman invasion

Disappeared

Influenced very little

Disappeared

Few

Still exist

Destroyed

Still exist (after St. Augustine)

THE ANGLO-SAXONTHE VIKINGS(410-1066)

Brainstorming

Why did the Romans leave Britain?

To protect the homeland (Rome) being threatened by the barbarian groups in Europe

Did many Roman people settle their lives in large-scale in Britain?

No, the Roman put Britain under military control rather than a large-scale permanent settlement

Germanic invasion (410- 1066)

King Arthur (legendary)

5th-6th century: Anglo-Saxon (strong farming, rural way of life)

Christianity remained

Germanic invasion in the 8th Century (Vikings)

Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, Kent, isone of the oldest and most famous Christianstructures in England and forms part of aWorld Heritage Site.

Founded by Augustine in 602. CanterburyCathedral was changed in structure and rebuiltmany time in the history of England.

It is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury,leader of the Church of England and symbolic leaderof the worldwide Anglican Communion. Its formaltitle is the Cathedral and Metro political Church ofChrist at Canterbury.

449-550: Arrival of Jutes from Jutland, Angles from South Denmark and Saxons from Germany

The Anglo-Saxons battled among themselvesKing Offa built a great dyke to keep out Welsh

In the mid-9th century, the Danish Vikings had been raiding the country

897, Vikings were defeated at sea by king Alfred, the founder of British navy

980-1016 Viking invasions renewed after Alfreds death.

1017 Canute, first Danish king was chosen by the Witan The Anglo-Saxons.

Laid the foundations of the English state, divided the country into shires.

Established the manorial system whereby the lord collected taxes and organized the local army .

Created the Witan or council to advise the king.

Summary of Pre-Norman BritainPeople Dates Characteristics /Achievements

Neolithic (Iberian,The Beaker

3000BC-2400 BC

Stonehenge, metal-working skillsPottery

The Celts 800-700BC Tribal organization, agriculture, Celtic lg, Iron Age Celtic culture

The Romans 55 BC (Caesar), 43 AD Claudius410 AD

Roman dress, Latin, cities /towns, roads, villas, temples, baths,theatres, Christianity, art, law & administration, military

The Anglo-Saxons (Angles, Saxons, Jutes central Eu)

5thC New farming methods, Germanic(Old English), pagans before being Christianized, settlement

The Danish /Vikings(Denmark)

8thC Ships, plunder (pirates), trading, coastal areas, Christianity, Germanic

With the Normans, England became a unified country for thefirst time since the Romans left 600 years earlier. The Normankings consolidated their