introduction to blending essential oils course...

Aromalyne Training Introduction to Blending Essential Oils

1 Christina Lyne Ltd©2014

Introduction to Blending Essential Oils

Course Manual

Christina Lyne

[email protected] www.aromalyne.com 01243 586804

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.aromalyne.com/



Contents Introduction Recommended Reading List History, philosophy and role of Aromatherapy and other massage traditions. Therapeutic Actions/Properties of Essential Oils The Art of Blending Blend Dilutions Essential Oils and their Safety Precautions Handling and Storage Contra-indications Contra-actions Essential Oil Profiles Aromatherapy Product Making Recipes

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Introduction Welcome to this Introduction to Blending Essential Oils Course. The aim of this course is to introduce you to essential oils and how to use them safely and effectively. This course will enable you to use essential oils at home. This is not a professional qualification and so does not qualify you to use essential oils in a professional capacity. Main Topics Covered by this Course

History, philosophy and role of Aromatherapy and other massage traditions.

Therapeutic Actions/Properties of Essential Oils

The Art of Blending

Blend Dilutions

Essential Oils and their Safety Precautions

Handling and Storage

Contra-indications

Contra-actions

Essential Oil Profiles - 16

Aromatherapy Product Making

Recipes



Recommended Reading List Aromatherapy – Therapy Basics (Second Edition) by Helen McGuinness ISBN 10 0 340 876808 (Hodder Arnold, 2003) The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils by Julia Lawless ISBN 13 978 0 00 714518 8 (Thorsons 1992) The Complete Illustrated Guide to Aromatherapy by Julia Lawless ISBN 1 85230 987 3 (Element, 1999) Aromatherapy an A-Z by Patricia Davis ISBN 0 85207 295 3 (The C.W. Daniel Company Ltd, 1999, new edition 2005) The Fragrant Pharmacy – A Complete Guide to Aromatherapy & Essential Oils by Valerie Ann Worwood ISBN 0 553 40397 4 (Bantam Books, 1991, new edition 1997) The Complete Book of Essential Oils and Aromatherapy: Over 600 Natural, Non-toxic and Fragrant Recipes to Create Health, Beauty and a Safe Home by Valerie Ann Worwood ISBN 0 931432 82 0 (New World Library, 1991) Aromatherapy for Women by Maggie Tisserand ISBN 0 7225 2260 6 (Thorsons, 1999) The Art of Aromatherapy by Robert Tisserand (1997) Aromatherapy for Common Ailments by Shirley Price (2000) Aromatherapy During Your Pregnancy by Francis R. Clifford ISBN 0 85207 312 7 (The C.W Daniel Company Ltd, 1997) Aromatherapy – A Guide for Home Use by Christine Westwood ISBN 0 9517 7230 9 (Amberwood Publishing Ltd, 1991) Aromatherapy for Healthy Legs and Feet – A Guide for Home Use by Christine Westwood ISBN 1 8993 0802 4 (Amberwood Publishing Ltd, 1995)



History, philosophy and role of Aromatherapy and other massage traditions.

It was the Egyptians who were the first to distil plants in order to extract their essential oils. They used them for medicinal purposes, in religious ceremonies, to beautify the skin, in facial tonics and as perfumes. References in the Bible also show the use of plants and their oils for the treatment of illness and for religious purposes. Aromatherapy is based on more than 6000 years of knowledge. In the 1920s a French chemist, René Gattefossé, who owned a perfumery business, burned his hand. He plunged his hand into the closest thing available - a vat of lavender oil - and found that his hand healed quickly. This began a lifelong interest in distinguishing the use of specific plant extracts, essential oils, for therapeutic or medicinal aims as opposed to just materials for perfume manufacture. His work showed that it was possible for essential oils to penetrate the skin and be carried through the blood and lymph systems. Many French doctors continued his work, the most notable one being Dr Jean Valnet who used essential oils to treat battle injuries. The earliest record of using aromatic oils in England was in the 13th Century. Later, following the invention of printing, many herbal books, including recipes for making essential oils, were produced. It is a fact that the people who used aromatic oils during the Great Plague of 1665 survived it because of the oils’ antiseptic properties. The term ‘aromatherapy’ was introduced to Britain in the 1950s by Marguerite Maury who was a student of Gattefossé. She applied aromatherapy with massage, developing specialised massage techniques along with the practice of individual consultation. She devised a more holistic approach where essential oils are chosen according to the physical and emotional needs of the client. Aromatherapy is therefore the holistic art and science of choosing, blending and applying essential oils that have been extracted from plants to improve physical, emotional, spiritual and mental well-being. It recognises the importance of the whole essence extracted from the plant not an essence that has been adulterated.



Essential oils are aromatic volatile liquids distilled from shrubs, flowers, trees, roots, bushes and seeds. The chemistry of essential oils is very complex each one may consist of hundreds of different and unique chemical compounds. Essential oils are highly concentrated and far more potent than dried herbs. It is the distillation process that makes essential oils so concentrated and it often requires an entire plant or more to produce a single drop of distilled essential oil. Using essential oils for therapeutic treatment follows three different models: English, French and German. The English model advocates diluting a small amount of essential oil in a vegetable oil and massaging the body for the purpose of relaxation and relieving stress. The French model prescribes the ingestion and neat (undiluted) topical application of therapeutic-grade essential oils. A few drops are added to honey on a piece of bread or small amount of vegetable oil. Many French practitioners have found that taking oils internally yields excellent benefits. The German model focuses on inhalation of essential oils. Research has shown that the effect of fragrance and aromatic compounds on the sense of smell can exert strong effects on the brain – especially on the hypothalamus (the hormone command centre) and the limbic system (the seat of emotions). Essential oils that are high in sesqui-terpenes, such as myrrh, sandalwood and frankincense, can dramatically increase oxygenation and activity in the brain. This may directly improve the function of many systems of the body. So, all three models working together show how versatile and powerful essential oils can be.



The Physical Benefits

Essential oils are made up of very small aromatic molecules. They are so small – this is why we smell them, as they are light, volatile, and easily disperse, which means they can bring their unique properties of healing quickly to every cell of the body.

Traditionally aromatherapy was used to ease muscular aches and pains, circulation and sinus congestion. Aromatherapy essential oils also have a positive effect through the skin, penetrating into the deeper layers encouraging the process of cellular renewal, enhancing the blood circulation and helping to deal with problems such as acne, eczema and ageing skin.

The Emotional Benefits

Our sense of smell is the most primitive of our senses, linked to the areas of the brain governing instinct, memory and emotion. Through the pathways to the deep centres of the brain, aromatherapy and essential oils can have a dynamic effect on our emotional state. They can help us reconnect with our positive moods transforming us from one state of mind to another.

Aromatherapy Massage Treatments

The traditional principles of aromatherapy and essential oils, (supported by much evidence of ancient medicinal practice), use massage techniques as the main form of aromatherapy treatment. Either eastern or western massage techniques can stimulate the nervous system to ease congestion and re-balance a body affected by physical or emotional stress. Concurrently, essential oils are applied and absorbed into the bloodstream stimulating cell renewal, circulation and detoxification, while their aromas act on the deepest parts of the brain to positively affect mood and emotions.

Other massage traditions Massage is thought to be the oldest form of medical therapy practised on the human body. The different types of massage and the various techniques that encompass them stem from our most celebrated civilizations and their traditional beliefs, namely ancient Greece and Rome, ancient India and China.

Dating as far back as 2,700 B.C., ancient Eastern Chinese cultures practised massage to heal a variety of ailments from labour pain to



paralysis. Ancient Egyptian tombs have been discovered adorned with images of figures being massaged. In addition, according to traditional Indian medicine, a system known as Ayurveda (a therapeutic massage) was performed using a variety of aromatherapy oils and spices known for their healing properties. Even Greek and Roman heroes - such as the great Julius Caesar - underwent daily massages to treat nerve pain.

In Western culture the most practised form of massage is undoubtedly Swedish massage. First introduced in the 19th century, Swedish masseuses are thought to have borrowed many of their techniques from traditional Chinese, Egyptian, Greek, and Romane masseuses. A variety of the most effective massage techniques have also been incorporated into other complementary therapies - aromatherapy, Reiki, reflexology, Rolfing, Amma therapy and osteopathy.

Many of our now popular modern massage techniques were created in order to heal specific health conditions. For example, soldiers who fought in World War I were given massage for nerve damage and to soothe shell shock in western hospitals during the 1930s.

Massage is still used today for treating a wide range of ages from babies to seniors - in a variety of intensive care, health club, and health clinic and hospital settings. To this day, massage is still used to treat various conditions such as premature birth, various types of cancer, AIDS, osteoarthritis, lumbar back pain, nerve damage, fibromyalgia, paralysis, heart attack, and stroke.



Therapeutic Actions/Properties of Essential Oils

When using essential oils we are working at two ends of a scale. At one end we are dealing with the therapeutic action on a purely physical scale and at the other end we are dealing with the emotional, aesthetic or energetic response. So following is a list of descriptions of the therapeutic actions of essential oils. I have not listed every single action/property description so when you read a new description in your research then add it to your list.

Abortifacient: Causes or induces abortion

Antidepressant: Stimulates or lifts mood

Adaptogen: Helps the body to adapt especially to stress

Antiemetic: Arrests vomiting, counters nausea

Alterative: Blood purifying, usually by acting on the liver, kidneys or lymph

Antifungal: Destroys or inhibits fungal growths and infections

Anabolic: Promotes tissue growth

Antigalactagogue: Inhibits formation or flow of breast milk

Anaesthetic: Numbs perception of external sensation

Antihypertensive: Reduces high blood pressure

Analgesic: Alleviates pain without loss of consciousness

Antilithic: Prevents/destroys kidney or bladder stones

Anaphrodisiac: Inhibits libido, reduces sexual desire

Antimicrobial: Destroys or suppresses the growth of micro-organisms

Androgenic: Produces masculine qualities/characteristics similar to testosterone

Anti-inflammatory Counteracts or suppresses inflammation

Antacid: Counters acidity, particularly excess acid in the stomach

Antineuralgic: Relieves paroxysmal (sharp/recurring) nerve pain

Antiallergenic: Counters an allergic reaction

Antioxidant: Inhibits oxidative damage to cell walls

Anodyne: Helps to ease pain/discomfort

Antiperiodic: Prevents the return of recurrent fevers or disease



Anthemintic: Destroys and/or expels parasitic worms

Antiphlogistic: Counteracts pain, inflammation and fever

Antiarrhythmic: Prevents or alleviates arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm)

Antiplatelet: Inhibits aggregation (clotting) of blood platelets

Antibiotic Inhibits or destroys micro-organisms

Antipruritic: Relieves itching

Anticoagulant: Prevents or hinders clotting especially of blood

Antipyretic: Prevents or allays fever

Anticonvulsive: Controls convulsions

Antirheumatic: Suppresses/alleviates rheumatic disease

Antitussive: Relieves/prevents coughing

Cholagogue: Stimulates the flow of bile, especially as a result of contracting the gall bladder

Antisclerotic: Prevents hardening of tissue due to chronic inflammation

Choleretic: Promotes bile secretion by the liver

Antiseptic: Prevents/impedes growth or micro-organisms that cause infection

Cephalic: Acting on the disorders of the head

Antispasmodic: Relieves/prevents muscles spasms or convulsions

Cicatrisant: Promotes healing of wounds by formation of scar tissue

Antisudorific: Reduces sweating

Cytophylactic: Encouraging growth of leucocytes cells which defend against infection

Antiviral: Destroys or inhibits growth of viruses

Decongestant: Relieves mucous congestion in the upper respiratory tract

Antiscorbutic: Prevents scurvy

Depurative: Purifying/detoxifying agent especially of the blood

Antithrombotic: Prevents thrombosis

Detoxifying: Helps to cleanse the body of toxins e.g. narcotics



Aperitif: Encourages appetite, promotes digestion

Deodrant: Elminates or masks unpleasant odours e.g. that are produced by sweating

Aphrodisiac: Increases libido, promotes health of glands and reproductive organs

Demulcent: Coats, soothes, protects surfaces e.g. of the throat or other parts of the alimentary canal

Astringent: Causes contraction of tissue/skin and reduces fluid loss (e.g. serum or mucous)

Deobstruent: Removes obstructions e.g. of the bowels

Bactericidal: Destroys bacteria

Diaphoretic: Promotes sweating/perspiration

Bechic: Stops/eases coughing

Diuretic: Promotes excretion/flow of urine

Cardiotonic: Improves heart tone

Digestive: Aids digestion

Carminative: Expels gas from stomach or intestines, relieves flatulence/abdominal pain/distension

Disinfectant: Destroys germs

Cathartic: Purgative, promotes evacuation of the bowels

Emetic: Causes vomiting

Emmenagogue: Promotes menstrual flow/discharge

Immunostimulant: Stimulates an immune response

Emollient: Softens or soothes normally the skin

Insecticide: Destroys insects

Escharotic: Corrosive or caustic, used to treat warts and skin cancers

Laxative: Stimulates movement of the bowels

Expectorant: Promotes discharge/expulsion of mucus (phlegm) from the respiratory tract chiefly by coughing

Leucocytisis: Increasing the activity or numbers of leucocytes, the white blood cells which fight infection

Febrifuge: Reduces fever

Mucolytic: Breaks down mucus/catarrh



Fungicidal Kills or inhibits the growth of fungi

Mydriatic: Dilates the pupils

Galactagogue: Promotes secretion and flow of milk (also referred to as lactagogue)

Myotic: Contracts the pupils

Haemostatic: Checks bleeding, shortens the clotting time of blood

Narcotic: Dulls the senses, relieves pain and induces drowsiness/sleep

Hallucinogenic: Produces hallucinations or visions, distorts perception of reality

Nervine: Soothes nervous excitement

Hepatoprotective: Protects the liver

Nutritive: Nourishing

Hypertensive: Increases blood pressure

Oestrogenic: Having qualities similar to the ‘female’ sex hormone oestrogen

Hypoglycaemic: Low in blood sugar, hence an oil that helps lower blood sugar levels

Orexigenic: Appetite stimulant

Hypotensive: Reduces blood pressure

Oxytocic: Induces contractions of the uterus

Hypnotic: Induces sleep/drowsiness or reduces psychological excitement or anxiety

Parasiticide: Destroys parasites

Immunomodulator: Alters/suppresses or strengthens the immune system (usually strengthens)

Parturient: Aids labour and childbirth by stimulating uterine contractions

Prophylactic: Prevents disease, many essential oils have this property

Styptic: Stops bleeding (when applied topically)

Purgative: Strong/drastic laxative effect

Sudoriphic: Promotes sweating, stimulates circulation to the exterior



Restorative: Restoring vitality, health and spirits

Tonic: Strengthens the body in general, has restorative or nourishing action

Rubefacient: Produces redness by stimulation blood flow to the skin

Uterotonic: Tones uterine muscles

Refrigerant: An agent that allays fever or its symptoms

Vasoconstrictor: Contracts/narrows small blood vessels

Sedative: Reduces nervous excitement

Vasodilator: Expands/widens small blood vessels

Splenetic: Tonic or strengthening to the spleen

Vermifuge: Expels intestinal worms

Spasmolytic: Relieve spasm/convulsions

Vulnerary: Promotes wound healing

Sternutatory: Induces sneezing

Stomachic: A stimulant or tonic of the stomach

Stimulant: Increases activity/energy levels



THE ART OF BLENDING

The art of blending essential oils is one of the most creative parts of an aromatherapy practice. When essential oils are blended together, their

molecules combine to form a synergy so that the combination of essential oils or the ‘whole’ becomes more than the sum of its individual

parts.

The art of true aromatherapy therefore lies in selecting and blending oils to create synergistic blends.

Helen McGuinness, Aromatherapy Basics Second Edition

What is a Synergy? When two or more essential oils are blended together, the chemistry of the oils combines with each other to create a new substance whose properties add up to more than the sum of the individual parts. By mixing together two or more essential oils you create a chemical compound that is different to any of the component parts. An increased potency can be achieved with synergistic blends without increasing the dosage. For example, the anti-inflammatory action of Chamomile essential oil is greatly increased by adding Lavender in the correct proportion. A good synergy takes into account all factors relating to the client, both the physical and the psychological. It is important that the proportions should be correct, and sometimes it is necessary to make up more in volume than you need so that the smallest component oil(s) can be incorporated into the whole. Thus the blend will suit the client’s individual needs and condition. Blending Blending is both an art and a science: it is a holistic approach to healing. The therapist has the technical skills to deal with the material substances, to choose the essential oils, the application route and the carrier.



When choosing a blend the therapist’s aim is to create a holistic blend taking into account:

The client’s presenting symptoms The physical body, mental-emotional, psychological and spiritual

aspects Any underlying imbalances that may be relevant to the presenting

conditions. Once this has been established then the therapist should:

Decide on the first, second and third condition to be treated. For each condition choose two or three essential oils that have the

relevant therapeutic properties. Try to take into account the chemistry and properties of the essential oils. Try to choose at least one top, middle and base note from the groups.

Once you have your list of oils see if any of them aims to help both the primary and secondary conditions and write these down. Try to choose three oils.

Check your list for any contra-indications. Decide on the method of application and carrier material. Check the scent is satisfactory to the client and then make up the

blend. Note Groups

The classification of essential oils into note groups originates from the perfume industry. The principle is that a well-balanced perfume will have top, middle and base notes. This is not quite the same for aromatherapy but it is useful to take into account so that the blend is well-balanced from an aesthetic point of view. Even though oils are blended together for therapeutic reasons it is a good idea to take into account the aesthetics of the aroma to create a balanced blend. Smell is a very powerful sense and if the client does not like it then the overall objectives may not be met as the client may not be able to relax and enjoy the treatment. So it is important to consider



the odour intensity of the oil. An oil that has a high odour intensity can be toned down by using another oil with a lower odour intensity. Top Note Top notes are the fastest acting essences evaporating the most quickly and thereby being the first to stimulate olfaction. Consequently, they give the first important impression of the blend. Their speed of evaporation means that they should form a smaller proportion of the overall blend. Because they penetrate more quickly they are considered to be particularly helpful in the relief of acute conditions, shock or pain. Middle Note Middle notes are less volatile and evaporate at a slightly slower rate. They are considered as the heart of the blend, they give body to it and they link the top and base notes. Thus they enhance the blend by balancing it. They are considered to help digestion and general metabolism. Base Note Base notes are the least volatile and evaporate at a slower rate. In perfumery they are used to ‘fix’ a blend to slow the evaporation of the other notes. Some base notes may not be detected until a few moments after the bottle is opened and so develop over time. They can overpower the blend so should form a smaller proportion of it. Base notes are the fixatives to make the blend last longer; they have a depth and roundness to them drawing the blend deep into the body. They are grounding, relaxing, and stabilise the nervous system.



BLEND DILUTIONS

A 2% essential oil dilution is considered to be a safe guideline for the topical application of essential oils on adults. The general rule is to add 12 drops of essential oil to 1 fl oz (30mls) of carrier oil, lotion, gel wash, vegetable butters or creams. For children or the elderly reduce the dilution to 1% (i.e. 6 drops to 30mls). On average, 600 drops of essential oil equals 30mls or 1 fl oz. So 2% of 600 drops equals 12 drops (600 x .02). In order to easily approximate a 2% dilution, add 12 drops of your chosen essential oil to 30mls of carrier oil. Or 20 drops to 50mls or 4 drops per 10mls Using Tisserand (1977), 1ml, 1cc (cubic centimetre) and 1g are taken as the same for blending purposes. 1ml = 20 drops 5 ml = 1 tsp/100 drops 30ml = 1 fl oz = 30g 500ml = 1 pint 1,000ml = 1 litre Massage Oil An example would be 12 drops of essential oil to 30mls of base oil. For larger or smaller quantities increase or decrease ingredients proportionally. Facial Massage Oil Facial skin is more sensitive so it is preferable to use a smaller proportion of drops of essential oil to carrier oil. An example would be: 6 drops of essential oil to 30mls of base oil (1% dilution)



Cream 20 drops of essential oil to 50mls of cream For Facial Cream use a smaller dilution. An example would be: 10 drops of essential oil to 50mls of cream Lotion 30 drops of essential oil to 100mls of lotion (different dilution due to the different consistency of the lotion) Inhalation/Vaporisation This application aids in direct stimulation of the olfactory system. 8-10 drops of essential oil to 500-1000mls of hot water in a bowl 3-6 drops of essential oil to water in steamer for facial steam 2-5 drops of essential oil neat on a tissue Room Vaporiser 4-6 drops of essential oil to a burner, light bulb ring or saucer of water. Sprays 30 drops of essential oil to 100mls water (a surfactant is needed to bind the oil to the water) Baths Full bath 6 drops (maximum) of essential oil depending on size of bath and sensitivity of skin 30 drops of essential oil to 100mls of carrier for a home preparation. Use 10mls of the preparation per bath Foot or hand bath 3 drops of essential oil to 2 litres of water Shampoo Good for scalp problems including dandruff, eczema and alopecia. 30 drops of essential oil to 100mls unperfumed shampoo base



Hair Oil treatment Good for head lice, dandruff, alopecia and continuing healthy hair. As this is a treatment the dilutions are much stronger. 25 drops of essential oil to 50mls of carrier oil 25 drops of essential oil to 25mls of aloe vera gel and 25mls of carrier oil Mouthwash and tooth care Good for continued oral hygiene. Mouthwash - 3 drops of essential oil to 100mls of cool boiled water or spring water Toothpaste - Apply small amount to toothbrush. 3 drops of essential oil to 100mls of clay – Fuller’s earth, kaolin or green clay It is not advisable for Aromatherapists to prescribe the internal or oral use of essential oils unless they have studied medicinal aromatherapy. Untrained practitioners will not be insured in respect of prescribing essential oils for internal use. IMPORTANT! Pregnant women Use a lower dilution of essential oil to carrier oil. An example would be: 6 drops to 30mls carrier oil Young children and babies Here are some tips and guidelines to help you when using aromatherapy for babies: For babies under 2 years old don't use any essential oil on the skin. You can use very gentle products, like hydrosols, carrier oils or body butters.



Hydrosols are aromatic waters with their own therapeutic properties. They are produced during the essential oil distillation process. Hydrosols are very healing, but they’re gentler and less concentrated than essential oils. Use German chamomile hydrosol and Lavender hydrosol with babies. You can spray these hydrosols on blankets, in the crib, in bath water, or on a car seat, and use them on baby’s skin without concern. Hydrosols are great for nappy rash and baby acne. German Chamomile hydrosol is also great for a mum's sore or cracked nipples due to breastfeeding. Ideas for using essential oils with babies:

Put 3 drops (1% dilution) in 30mls of cream or carrier, and apply this to mum or dad's shoulder before holding baby. This way the baby will breathe in the aroma.

5–6 drops essential oil in a diffuser (Lavender, Roman Chamomile, Orange).

Use German chamomile or lavender hydrosol freely for blankets,

bedding, bath water, car seats, nappy rash, and baby's skin.

German Chamomile hydrosol is also great for teething.

Take special care with these precautions:

Keep essential oils, and your blends, out of reach of children. Babies love to put things in their mouths, and essential oils smell good!

Be sure to use only therapeutic, pure essential oils. Unfortunately, many distributers adulterate oils with other substances.

Children 2-5 years old For kids from two to five years old, use the oils by diffusing them and blending them in soap (and for cleaning the house), but no other daily skin applications—unless we're talking about a cut or injury.



In general, for kids between five and twelve years old, stick with 5 to 6 drops of essential oil per oz of carrier. That’s a 1% dilution. Ages 2–5 No direct skin application except for first aid. First aid with a 1% dilution in a carrier:

Lavender – Use 1 drop undiluted ("neat" directly out of the bottle) for burns, bites, stings.

Lavender – Use 3 drops per 30mls of aloe vera gel for cuts, bruises or sunburns.

Aloe vera gel – Use without essential oil for wet, weepy skin

issues.

Coconut oil – Use without essential oil for hot, dry, irritated skin issues.

Diffuse 10 drops essential oil throughout the room for calming.

Ages 5–12

Use a 1% dilution. That's 3 drops of essential oil per 30mls of carrier (jojoba wax, lotion, body cream, etc.)

Ages 12 and up

1%–2% dilution for skin applications. All other guidelines are the same as above. The only difference is

you're safe to work with stronger dilutions for skin application (up to 2%).

Take special care with these precautions:

Before giving Eucalyptus to a child with asthma (and only children over 10 years old), have them smell the cap of the oil first. Ask if they feel like their chest is opening up, or getting tighter. Only use



the oils if the child experiences an opening in the chest. Eucalyptus is an effective respiratory oil for some children, but irritating for others. Not for children under 10 years old.

Always be sure to skin test a small patch of essential oils, or the blend you have created, on your child's inner arm.



Essential Oils and their Safety Precautions

Essential oils are volatile substances and so certain safety precautions must be followed when using them to ensure a safe and effective treatment with no adverse effects upon the client. The following safety precautions should be followed:

Carry out a risk assessment of the area of work and how to safely handle all items to be used for the treatment.

Use products in the correct way and with the correct amount. Always work in a well-ventilated room. Air the treatment room in between clients. Allow yourself a decent break between clients. Use clean towels and couch roll for each client. Have trolley or work area laid out with all the equipment you need

prior to treatment or making of the product. Ensure you have a way of clearing spillages safely and correctly. Electrics – no trailing of wires and make sure the electrics are

tested annually. Always take a fully detailed consultation from the client prior to

the first treatment. If your client has a medical condition that gives you cause for

concern refer them to their GP before carrying out a treatment. Always make sure you have clean hands and containers and the

work area is clean. Always keep individual essential oils in a sealed container or box. Never take essential oils internally. Never apply undiluted essential oils to the skin. Keep essential oils away from eyes. Always use sensible proportions of essential oil in a blend. Avoid prolonged use of the same essential oil. Ensure the use of a

variety of oils over a course of treatments. Carry out a patch test if your client has sensitive skin or suffers

from allergies. Never use essential oils that you are not familiar with. Always keep a full and accurate record of the essential oils used in

a blend with dilutions for each client.



Handling and Storage of Essential Oils

Essential oils are volatile substances so great care must be taken when handling and storing essential oils. The following guidelines must be followed:

Keep all equipment clean and stored safely. Store in dark amber glass bottles with tight lids to prevent

evaporation. Store in normal to cool temperatures out of direct sunlight. Keep away from naked flames and extreme temperatures as

essential oils are highly flammable. Ensure you are careful when handling the essential oil bottles

so that your skin does not come into contact with the oil and you then risk transferring that oil from your hands to more sensitive areas (nose, face and neck).

Store all essential oils out of reach of children. Wash hands thoroughly in between clients to remove as much

of the oil as possible. Do not use essential oils if your skin is cracked and sore. Monitor stock control and rotation. Ensure there are methods of dealing with breakages/spillages

in the treatment environment. Record of product data sheets. Be aware of the shelf life of essences, fixed oils, other media

and blended products. Be aware of current legislative controls and guidelines for the

use of aromatherapy products and the implications for client safety.

Use and store treatment equipment appropriately. Be aware of COSHH – Control of Substances Hazardous to

Health



Contra-indications Contra-indications are precautions that need to be considered prior to working with essential oils. These are relevant both to an aromatherapy massage and if you are making a product using essential oils. If you are making any products for yourself or family with essential oils you should always check for the following:

Sensitivities and allergies – a client may have sensitive skin or be allergic to an essential oil. Always patch test prior to using a new product, if treating someone new to aromatherapy or if there is any concern that there may be an adverse reaction.

Pregnancy – some essential oils should not be used during

pregnancy. Always check your chosen oils prior to application.

Breastfeeding – some essential oils should not be used during breastfeeding as they will enter the bloodstream. Always check your chosen oils prior to application.

Epilepsy – some oils are stimulants and therefore could encourage

an epileptic fit. Always check your chosen oils prior to application.

Blood pressure – sedative oils can contribute to low blood pressure and stimulants can contribute to high blood pressure. Always check your chosen oils prior to application.

Babies and small children – do not use essential oils on babies or

small children.

Always check whether the essential oils you are using have any precautions.

What is a patch test? Put a small amount of the product on a plaster and apply the plaster to a discreet part on the forearm. Leave for 2-4 hours and then lift the plaster. If there is redness or any other reaction do not use the product.



If you are carrying out an aromatherapy massage observe the following precautions:

If the person has an abnormal temperature avoid treatment and refer to their GP.

If the person is experiencing their menstrual cycle then avoid

massaging the abdomen area.

Do not massage if the person has just eaten a heavy meal.

Do not massage areas of inflammation, infection, broken skin, bruises, fractures, varicose veins or scars.

Pregnancy – only give massage if trained in special techniques for

early and late stages of pregnancy.

If the person has had major surgery obtains doctor’s advice – generally wait 6 weeks to 3 months before giving a massage.

If the person has had minor surgery do not massage over the area

until it is completely healed. It is safe to massage lightly around the area after 1 week.

If the person suffers from Hyperthyroidism use light gentle

massage to avoid over-stimulation.

If the person has received a recent inoculation do not treat within 36 hours of the inoculation.

If the person is taking medication, recreational drugs or alcohol

advise them that due to the increase in circulation resulting from the massage any effects may be magnified.

Do not give an aromatherapy massage if the person has had

osteopathy or acupuncture on the same day as the proposed massage.



Some essential oils are a contra-indication to homoeopathy - ask the person to check with their homoeopath prior to a treatment. Peppermint is one of these oils.

If the person has a medical condition, for example, cancer, heart

disease or diabetes, contagious skin disorder, skin allergies, Osteoporosis, Epilepsy, recent operations, asthma, vomiting and diahorrea, undiagnosed pain and lumps, recent head or neck injury, if taking prescribed medication, meningitis and haemorrhage, ask them to seek medical advice prior to the treatment.

Do not massage over varicose veins. Remember if the person is not able to receive a massage aromatherapy treatment can be given using other applications such as compresses, burning oils, footbaths, creams, lotions etc.



Contra-actions Also known as 'the healing crisis' - Contra-actions can occur during or after a treatment therefore it is vital to give the appropriate after care advice. Some contra-actions in aromatherapy massage include; erythema (reddening of skin) can occur, which means oxygen and nutrients are being delivered around the body and removal of toxins are encouraged, clients may experience soreness in muscles due to the release of toxins and the nerves responding to the massage, reaction to the carrier and essential oils (remove the product), clients may feel a little emotional, possibly tearful due to release of tension, nausea, headache (rest, drink water, fresh air), dizziness (rest, deep breathing), flu like symptoms, increased tiredness, increase in toilet habits i.e. urination, bowel movements, increase in perspiration, insomnia, vivid dreams, cold like symptoms, hunger, thirst and an increase emotions i.e. tearful, happy, laughing. If a contra-action occurs then the massage treatment will need to be adapted to suit the client, discuss with the client what is happening and give after care advice and you might even have to give a first aid response.



Essential Oil Profiles



Chamomile (Roman) Chamaemelum Nobile

Chamomile has been found to be used by the Egyptians and is discussed in Dioscoride’s herbal. Roman chamomile was one of the nine herbs held sacred by the Saxons. It was used for digestion, sprains, jaundice and malarial fever. It is milder with a more pleasant aroma than German chamomile. It is known as the ‘plant’s physician’ because it keeps plants around it healthy. It was introduced to Germany from Spain in the 16th Century and is best known for its soothing and calming effects on the emotions as well as physical conditions; skin, digestive and nervous systems. It is also marketed as an herbal tea. Plant source: Flower heads of herb. Plant family: Asteraceae or Compositae (daisy) Country of origin: Utah, France Method of extraction: Steam distillation. Aroma characteristics: A strong apple-like aroma, sweet and warm. Odour intensity: High Note: Middle Blends well with; Bergamot, Clary Sage, Geranium, Jasmine, Lavender, Neroli and Rose. Main chemical constituents: Features esters, oxides, monoterpenes, alcohols, ketones, sesquiterpenes, aldehyes, traces of lactones and coumarins, and acids.



Roman Chamomile’s key properties are: Analgesic Anti-inflammatory Anti-neuralgic Antidepressant Antiseptic Antispasmodic Bactericidal Carminative Digestive Emmenagogue Febrifuge Hepatic Hypnotic Nerve sedative Stomachic Sudorific Tonic Vermifuge Vulnerary Aromatherapy Use: Skin: Acne, boils, burns, cuts, chilblains, dermatitis, earache, eczema, inflammation, insect bites, rashes, sensitive skin, wounds. Circulation, muscles and joints: Arthritis, inflamed joints, muscular pain, neuralgia, rheumatism, sprains. Digestive System: Dyspepsia, colic, indigestion, nausea. Reproductive System: Menopausal problems. Nervous System: Headache, insomnia, nervous tension, migraine and stress-related complaints. Psychological Profile: Roman Chamomile is useful for anger, anxiety, fear, hysteria, irritability, melancholy, overactive mind, sensitivity, nervous tension, stress, weepiness and excessive worry. Safety Data: Non-toxic, generally non-irritant but can cause dermatitis in some individuals. Use during Pregnancy: Use in small amounts and well diluted. Roman Chamomile calms and uplifts, clears mental paralysis (mental ‘antispasmodic’) and is cooling and balancing.



Clary Sage Salvia Sclarea

Clary Sage is a plant native to southern Europe and eastern Mediterranean. It was introduced to Britain in 1562. It has been used in Greek medicine since the ancient times: Hippocrates and Dioscorides mention sage. The leaves as well as the seeds have been used medicinally. The leaves are good for kidneys and weak backs and the seeds are good for eye problems. Clary Sage is a deep muscle relaxant that is helpful in aiding the mind and body to relax simultaneously. Recent medical data also indicates that it naturally raises oestrogen and progesterone levels. Plant source: Flowering tops and leaves of the herb. Plant family: Lamiaceae or Labiatae (mint) Country of origin: Utah, France Method of production: Steam distillation. Aroma characteristics: Heavy, leafy and nutty. Odour intensity: Medium Note: Top to Middle Blends well with; Bergamot, Cypress, Frankincense, Geranium, Grapefruit, Juniper, Lavender and Sandalwood. Main chemical constituents: Features esters, alcohols, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, oxides, acids, lactones, coumarins, ketones and aldehydes. Clary Sage’s key properties are: Antidepressant Antispasmodic Anticoagulant Antioxidant Antidiabetic Antifungal Anesthetic Carminative Digestive Emmenagogue Euphoric Hypotensive



Nervine Parturient Relaxant (muscle) Stomachic Tonic Uterine Aromatherapy use: Skin: Acne, oily skins, boils, inflammation, dandruff, hair loss, oily hair, ageing skin, wrinkles and puffiness. Digestive System: Colic, flatulence, dyspepsia, constipation and intestinal cramps. Circulatory System: High blood pressure, varicose veins and phlebitis. Endocrine System: Pre-menstrual syndrome, menstrual problems, menopause, uterine tonic, post-natal depression, impotence and frigidity. Respiratory System: Asthma (calming), bronchitis, throat infections, congestion, phlegm, cough and whooping cough. Nervous System: Migraines, insomnia, debility, stress-related problems, anxiety, depression, panic attacks, tension, weakness and aids convalescence. Muscular-skeletal System: Muscular aches and pains. Psychological profile: Clary Sage is useful for anxiety, depression (post-natal, pre-menstrual and menopausal), fear, guilt, moodiness, negativity, obsessive behaviour, panic, paranoia, rage, restlessness and worry. Safety Data: Do not use when drinking alcohol as can cause drowsiness and can cause bad dreams. Do not use in conditions of hormone related cancers. Use during Pregnancy: DO NOT USE DURING PREGNANCY

Clary Sage is uplifting, euphoric, invigorating and it can also benefit female imbalances.



Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Globulus

The Eucalyptus tree, which is also known as the gum tree, can grow up to 480ft with about 300 different species. It is mainly found in Australia but about 50 species can be found in the Mediterranean. For centuries, Australian Aborigines used the disinfecting leaves to cover wounds. According to Jean Valnet, M.D. a solution of 2% eucalyptus oil sprayed in the air will kill 70% of airborne staph bacteria. Some doctors still use solutions of eucalyptus oil in surgical dressings. Eucalyptus is excellent in helping with feverish conditions of the respiratory tract including colds and flu, has cooling effects on the body and excellent anti-viral properties. It is also known as an antiseptic for cuts and wounds; it has a diuretic and antiseptic effect on the urinary tract having a positive effect on cystitis. If Eucalyptus is blended with Geranium and Juniper it has the ability to lower blood sugar levels and so is helpful to diabetics. It has a predominantly stimulating effect on the nervous system and so should help those suffering with lethargy of the mind and body and it is also thought to stimulate white cell production to fight against infection. Plant source: Leaves and twigs of the tree. Plant family: Myrtaceae (myrtle) Country of origin: China Method of extraction: Steam distillation. Aroma characteristics: Clear, sharp, menthol, piercing and penetrating aroma; camphoraceous with a woody undertone. Odour intensity: High Note: Top Blends well with; Benzoin, Bergamot, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Lemongrass, Melissa, Pine, Rosemary and Thyme.



Main chemical constituents: Features oxides, terpenes, alcohols, sesquiterpenes, esters, ketones, acids and aldehydes. (The high proportion of oxides with significant amounts of alcohols, sesquiterpenes and esters make E.globulus a gentle yet powerful antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and mucolytic agent). Eucalyptus’s key properties are: Analgesic Anti-neuralgic Antiseptic Anti-rheumatic Anti-viral Bactericidal Decongestant Deodorant Depurative Diuretic Expectorant Febrifuge Insecticide Hypoglycaemic Parasiticide Stimulant of blood & immune system Vermifuge Vulnerary Aromatherapy Use: Skin: Acne, boils, burns, blisters, cuts, cold sores, athlete’s foot, herpes, insect bites, lice, skin infections, wounds. Circulation, muscles and joints: Muscular aches and pains, poor circulation, rheumatoid and osteo-arthritis, sprains. Respiratory System: Asthma, bronchitis, colds, catarrh, coughs, congestion in the head, pneumonia, sinusitis, throat infections. Immune System: Chicken pox, colds, epidemics, flu, measles, tonsillitis and laryngitis. Genitourinary System: Cystitis & thrush. Nervous System: Debility, headaches, neuralgia. Other Uses: Insect repellent. Psychological profile: Eucalyptus is helpful for addiction, bitterness, guilt, loneliness, moodiness and resentment.



Safety Data: Apply in dilution only in low concentrations, as otherwise it can irritate the skin. The oil should not be used on young children. If taken internally it will be toxic (as little as 3.5ml has been known to be fatal). It is incompatible with homeopathic treatment. Use during Pregnancy: Do not use during the first 3 months.

Eucalyptus brings clarity, dispels confusion, invigorates and refreshes.



Frankincense Boswellia carteri/thurifera

Frankincense means ‘real incense’ in French although it is sometimes referred to as Olibanum, probably signifying Oil from Lebanon. It was burnt at the altar by Egyptians as an offering to the gods and was used as an aid to meditation. It was also used to fumigate the sick in an effort to banish evil spirits and for embalming. It was valued more than gold during ancient times and only those with great wealth and abundance possessed it. Frankincense calms the breathing and the mind. It has purifying and preserving properties and it was recorded in Dioscorides’ herbal remedies for skin conditions, haemorrhage and pneumonia. It is also used in cosmetics, perfumes and medicines. Plant source: Resin of the tree Plant family: Burseraceae (frankincense) Country of origin: Somalia, Spain Method of extraction: Steam distillation Aroma characteristics: Woody and spicy fragrance with a rich balsamic undertone Odour intensity: High Note: Middle to Base Blends well with: Basil, Black Pepper, Geranium, Grapefruit, Lavender, Orange, Melissa, Myrrh, Patchouli, Pine and Sandalwood. Main chemical constituents: Cadinene (Sesquiterpene) Camphene, Dipentene, Pinene, Phellandrene (Terpenes), Olibanol (Alcohol).



Frankincense’s key properties are: Antiseptic Astringent Anti-spasmodic Antitumoral Antidepressant Carminative Cytophylactic Digestive Diuretic Emmenagogue Expectorant Immuno-stimulant Muscle relaxing Sedative Tonic Uterine Vulnerary Aromatherapy Use: Skin Care: Regenerating for mature skins, acne, abscesses, scars and blemishes. Respiratory System: Asthma, bronchitis, catarrh, coughs, laryngitis and shortness of breath. It deepens and calms breathing. Digestive System: Dyspepsia, flatulence and nervous stomach. Immune System: Colds (head), flu and strengthens immune system. Urinary System: Cystitis Endocrine System: Menstrual problems. Nervous System: Insomnia, anxiety, paranoia, depression, obsessions, nervous tension, stress-related problems and irritability. Psychological Profile: Frankincense is helpful for anger, apprehension, fear, grief, hopelessness, insecurity, irritability, nervous tension, lack of faith, remorse, tearfulness, vulnerability and worry. It can help to release emotional blockages. Safety Data: Non-toxic, non-irritant and non-sensitising. Use during Pregnancy: AVOID DURING FIRST 3 MONTHS. Frankincense slows down breathing producing a feeling of calm. This tends to enhance an elevating and soothing effect on the mind. It’s comforting and somewhat refreshing action is helpful for anxious and obsessional behaviour.



The aroma increases spiritual awareness, promotes meditation, improves attitude and uplifts spirits. Frankincense contains sesquiterpenes which

stimulate the limbic system of the brain (the centre of memory and emotions) and the hypothalamus, pineal and pituitary glands. The hypothalamus is the master gland producing many vital hormones

including thyroid and growth hormone.



Geranium Pelargonium Graveolens

Geranium is a balancing and regulating oil, which tends to balance extremes, whether on the physical or emotional level. It has been used in traditional African medicine when the roots of certain species were used for diarrhoea. It was introduced to Britain in 1632 but Geranium became more popular in the 1840s when the French recognised the perfume qualities of the oil. Traditionally, Geranium was highly valued for its deep healing properties and was planted around the garden to ward off bad spirits. It is mild but has a very strong effect on the nervous system; it stimulates the lymphatic system and helps to eliminate waste products from the body. It promotes circulation and is extremely beneficial to the skin. Plant source: Flowers and leaves of the plant. Plant family: Geraniaceae Country of origin: Egypt, India Method of extraction: Steam distillation. Aroma characteristics: Strong, sweet and heavy aroma, reminiscent of Rose but with minty overtones. Odour intensity: High Note: Middle Blends well with; Bergamot, Clary Sage, Grapefruit, Jasmine, Lavender, Neroli, Orange, Petitgrain, Rose, Rosemary and Sandalwood. Main chemical constituents: Features alcohols, esters, aldehydes, sesquiterpenes, oxides, terpenes and ketones.



Geranium’s key properties are: Anti-haemorrhagic Anti-inflammatory Antidepressant Antiseptic Astringent Deodorant Diuretic Fungicidal Haemostatic Hormone regulator/balancer Stimulant (to adrenal cortex and lymphatic system) Tonic (liver & kidneys) Vermifuge Vulnerary Aromatherapy Use: Skin: Acne, bruises, broken capillaries, burns, congested skin, cuts, dermatitis, eczema, dandruff, oral infections, thrush, fungal infections, haemorrhoids, lice, oily complexion, mature skin, ringworm, ulcers, wounds. Circulatory System: Cellulitis, oedema, poor circulation. Digestive System: Diarrhoea, flatulence, gastric ulcers, colitis, jaundice, diabetes. Respiratory System: Sore throat, tonsillitis. Endocrine System: Menopausal problems, pre-menstrual syndrome. Lymphatic System: Fluid retention, cellulite. Nervous System: Nervous tension, neuralgia, stress-related conditions, restlessness and depression. Urinary System: Cystitis Other Uses: Insect repellent (especially mosquitoes). Psychological profile: Balancing to the mind. Geranium is helpful for anxiety, confusion, depression (particularly linked to hormones), mental lethargy, moodiness, sadness and tearfulness.



Safety Data: Non-toxic, non-irritant, generally non-sensitizing but may cause dermatitis in hypersensitive individuals. It may cause restlessness if used excessively. Use during Pregnancy: Do not use during first 3 months.

Geranium integrates the mind and body and balances extremes.



Juniper Juniperus Communis

Juniper is a small tree with needle-like leaves, and berries which are at first blue, but turn black after two years when they are considered ripe. The best essential oil is obtained by steam distillation from these berries. Bundles of juniper berries were hung over doorways to ward off witches during medieval times. The most important action of juniper is detoxification. It is the most valuable oil in all situations where the body needs to throw off toxic wastes. It has been used for many thousands of years to protect against infection, and sprigs of juniper were burnt with Rosemary in French hospital wards for this purpose. It is also traditionally used in France as a tonic, especially in convalescence and where a generally sluggish condition is due to poor elimination. Plant source: Fresh ripe berries of the bush/evergreen tree. Plant family: Cupressaceae Country of origin: Utah Method of extraction: Steam distillation. Aroma characteristics: Clear, refreshing, slightly woody aroma. Odour intensity: Medium Note: Middle Blends well with: Benzoin, Bergamot, Cypress, Frankincense, Geranium, Grapefruit, Lavender, Lemongrass, Melissa, Orange, Rosemary and Sandalwood. Main chemical constituents: Features alpha pinene, cadinene, camphene, terpineol, borneol and camphor of juniper.



Juniper’s key properties are: Antirheumatic Antiseptic Antispasmodic Astringent Carminative Depurative Detoxicant Emmenagogue Nervine Rubefacient Stimulant Stomachic Tonic Vulnerary Aromatherapy use: Skin: Acne, congested and oily skins. Circulatory System: Poor circulation. Endocrine System: Menstrual problems. Lymphatic System: Fluid retention and tissue detoxification. Muscular-skeletal System: Muscular aches, pains and stiffness. Nervous System: Anxiety, nervous tension and stress-related problems. Psychological profile: Juniper is useful for addiction, confusion, feeling of worthlessness, feeling of being emotionally drained, guilt, fear, obsession, restlessness and withdrawal. Safety Data: Use in moderation as can be very stimulating. Use during Pregnancy: DO NOT USE DURING PREGNANCY Juniper is a detoxifying oil that works effectively on an emotional and physical plane. It is cleansing to the mind and spirit.



Lavender Lavendula augustifolia

Lavender originated in the mountainous regions of the Mediterranean. The Romans used it to add to their bath water and the English name is derived from the Latin ‘Lavare’ to wash. English lavender is often regarded as the finest in the world with large quantities also being produced in France for the perfume industry. The best essence is distilled from the flowering tops and has a faintly yellow tint with a refreshing scent. Lavender is regarded as the most versatile essential oil. It has many uses including skin conditions (especially acne and burns) and is a superb additive and painkilling essence. It has a balancing effect on the body and mind. It blends well with all other essences including gums. Plant source: Fresh flowering tops of the evergreen woody shrub. Plant family: Lamiaceae or Labiatae (mint) Country of origin: France Method of extraction: Steam distillation. Aroma characteristics: Powerful herbal/floral aroma. Odour intensity: Medium Note: Middle Blends well with: Bergamot, Chamomiles, Clary Sage, Geranium, Jasmine, Lemon, Lemongrass, Mandarin, Orange, Patchouli, Pine, Rosemary, Sandalwood and Thyme. Main chemical constituents: It has 300 known constituents including esters, alcohols, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, ketones, aldehydes, lactones, coumarins and phenols.



Lavender’s key properties are: Antibiotic Antiseptic Anti-depressant Analgesic Antitoxic Anticonvulsive Balancing Carminative Cleansing De-toxifier Diuretic Emmenagogue Insecticide Nervine Purifying Relaxing Restorative Sedative Soothing Stimulant Tonic Vulnerary Vermifuge Aromatherapy Use: Skin: Abscess, acne, allergies, athlete’s foot, boils, bruises, burns, dermatitis, eczema, inflammation, insect bites and stings, lice, psoriasis, ringworm, scabies, spots and sunburn wounds. Circulation, muscles and joints: Lumbago, rheumatism and sprains. Respiratory System: Asthma, bronchitis, catarrh, flu, throat infections and whooping cough. Digestive System: Colic, dyspepsia, flatulence and nausea. Genitourinary System: Cystitis. Nervous System: Depression, headache, hypertension, insomnia, migraine, nervous tension and stress. Psychological profile: Lavender is helpful for anger, anxiety, despondency, depression, emotional instability, fear, hysteria, impatience, irritation, mood swings, negative thoughts, panic, paranoia and worry. Safety Data: Non-toxic, non-irritant and non-sensitizing. Use during Pregnancy: Avoid during early stages and then use in small amounts and well diluted. Lavender is balancing, uplifting, calming and stimulating according to need.



Lemon Citrus limonum

Research carried out by Jean Valnet, M.D., showed that vaporised lemon oil can kill meningococcus bacteria in 15 minutes, typhoid bacilli in one hour, staphylococcus aureus in two hours and pneumococcus bacteria within three hours. Lemon oil has been widely used in skin care to cleanse the skin and reduce wrinkles and combat acne. It also has been shown to have anti-depressant effects. In the 18th Century, lemons and limes helped rid the British navy of scurvy. Plant source: Fresh fruit peel Plant family: Rutaceae (citrus) Country of origin: California, Italy Method of extraction: Cold expression Aroma characteristics: Refreshing sharp citrus aroma Odour intensity: Medium to High Note: Top Blends well with: Bergamot, the Chamomiles, Eucalyptus, Fennel, Frankincense, Ginger, Juniper, Neroli, Rose, Sandalwood and Ylang Ylang. Main chemical constituents: Features terpenes as limonene (ability to combat tumour growth), ×-pinene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, camphene, phellandrene, ρ-cymene, sabinene, myrcene 87%; small amounts of aldehydes as citral, citronellal, nonanal, octanal, decanal 3%; sesquiterpenes as β-bisobolene, ×-bergamotene 2.5%; alcohols as linalool, geraniol, octanol, nonanol, ×-terpinol 2%; lactones, coumarins as bergaptene, bergamottin 2%, esters as neryl acetate, geranyl acetate, terpinyl acetate 1.5%. Lemon’s key properties are: Antiseptic Astringent Anti-spasmodic Antitumoral



Antidepressant Antirheumatic Carminative Depurative Diuretic Febrifuge Haemostatic Hypotensive Immuno-stimulant Insecticide Laxative Rubefacient Stimulates leucocytosis (production of white blood cells) Stomachic Tonic Aromatherapy Use: Skin Care: Acne, oily skin, brittle nails, boils, chilblains, corns, warts, verrucas, herpes, cuts, bites and mouth ulcers. Circulatory System: Nosebleed, poor circulation, varicose veins, high blood pressure and cellulites. Respiratory System: Asthma, bronchitis, catarrh and sore throat. Digestive System: Dyspepsia, gastric acidity, bloatedness and infections. Immune System: Colds (head), flu, fever, infections and strengthens immune system. Stimulates production of leucocytes (white blood cells). Muscular-skeletal System: Arthritis and gout. Psychological Profile: Lemon is cleansing, uplifting, refreshing/invigorating. It can help with depression, melancholy, confusion, fear, mental fatigue and worry. Safety Data: Lemon may cause skin irritation and sensitisation in some individuals. The expressed essential oil is phototoxic, due to bergapetene, so do not use on skin exposed to sunlight. Use during Pregnancy: Do not use during the first 3 months and then in low dilutions.



Marjoram (Sweet) Origanum Marjorana

Marjoram has been used since ancient times in Egypt, Greece and the Middle East. It was used in rituals, perfumes, incense, medicine, cooking and as a stewing herb. It has been used in European medicine since the Middle Ages, it is warming and comforting to the heart, emotionally and physically, and great for bruised or strained muscles. Marjoram was known as the ‘herb of happiness’ to the Romans and ‘joy of the mountains’ to the Greeks. Marjoram is a powerful muscle relaxant that allows the mind and body to relax together. It has a particular soothing, warming and fortifying effect on disorders of the digestive, muscular, nervous and respiratory systems. Plant source: Dried leaves/flowering tops of the herb. Plant family: Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Country of origin: France, Egypt Method of extraction: Steam distillation. Aroma characteristics: Deeply penetrating, peppery, nutty, spicy and warming aroma. Odour intensity: Medium Note: Middle Blends well with; Bergamot, the Chamomiles, Cypress, Lavender, Mandarin, Orange, Rosemary, Rosewood and Ylang Ylang. Main chemical constituents: Features alcohols, monoterpoenes, sesquiterpenes, esters, aldehydes and phenols. Sweet Marjoram’s key properties: Analgesic Antiseptic Antispasmodic Antiviral Arterial vasodilator Antibacterial Carminative Cordial Cephalic



Digestive Emmenagogue Expectorant Laxative Nervine Rubefacient Sedative (heart) Aromatherapy use: Skin: Bruises, chilblains and ticks. Circulatory System: High blood pressure, heart conditions and fluid retention. Digestive System: Colic, constipation, flatulence and nausea. Reproductive System: Menstrual problems, pre-menstrual syndrome, cramps and sexual problems. Respiratory System: Coughs, asthma, bronchitis, sinus and respiratory congestion. Immune System: Colds, infections and fever. Muscular-skeletal System: Muscular aches and stiffness, joint pain, arthritis, strains and sprains, overworked muscles and cramp. Nervous System: Headaches, migraines, insomnia, nervous tension, depression, addictions, obsessions, vertigo, confusion and stress-related problems. Psychological profile: Marjoram is helpful for anxiety, depression, fear, grief, loneliness and nervous tension. Safety data: Non-toxic, non-irritating and non-sensitising. Use during Pregnancy: DO NOT USE DURING PREGNANCY Sweet Marjoram comforts and revives the heart (cordial) or a lonely or grieving state. It relieves mental fatigue, confusion, congestion (cephalic), obsessions and anxiety and it uplifts the mind and body.



Orange (Sweet) Citrus sinensis

Orange has been a symbol of innocence and fertility. The Arabic ‘Narandj’ is the root word for Orange and it is possible that the Crusaders, along with many other spoils, brought the fruit to Europe. Certainly it was known in England around the 16th Century. The orange travelled to California on the boats carrying the early missionaries where an important industry now exists. The oil is used in perfume and food industries. Plant source: Fresh fruit peel Plant family: Rutaceae (citrus) Country of origin: USA, South Africa, Italy, China Method of extraction: Cold expression Aroma characteristics: Sweet fruity aroma, zesty and warm Odour intensity: Medium Note: Top to Middle Blends well with: Bergamot, Cinnamon, other citrus oils, Eucalyptus, Frankincense, Geranium, Ginger, Juniper, Neroli, Rose, Sandalwood and Ylang Ylang. Main chemical constituents: Features limonene (85-96%) and Myrcene (0.5-3%) Sweet Orange’s key properties are: Antiseptic Anti-spasmodic Antidepressant Antitumoral Anticoagulant Carminative Circulatory Stimulant Digestive Febrifuge Relaxant Sedative Stomachic Tonic



Aromatherapy Use: Skin Care: Dull, congested and oily skins, dry skin, wrinkles and dermatitis. Digestive System: Indigestion, constipation, diarrhoea, stress-related disorders such as IBS. It has a calming effect on the stomach especially in nervous states. It stimulates bile and could help the digestion of fats. It may also encourage the appetite. Immune System: Colds, bronchitis and flu. It can bring down fever. It can aid in the absorption of Vitamin C which could ward off viral infections. Lymphatic System: Fluid retention Nervous System: Nervous tension and stress-related problems. Muscular-skeletal System: It helps with the formation of collagen, vital for growth and repair of body tissues, and together with its relaxing nature seems to be an effective palliative with painful and sore muscles as well as rickety bones. Psychological Profile: Sweet orange is helpful for anxiety, depression and emotional exhaustion. It is comforting and warming to the spirit. Safety Data: Prolonged use and high dosage may irritate sensitive skin and there is a chance of phototoxicity as well. Use during Pregnancy: Use in low dilutions. Sweet Orange spreads a little sunshine on gloomy thoughts and depression. It dispels tension and stress, encouraging a positive outlook. It is reviving when feeling bored and lacking in energy.



Peppermint Mentha Piperita

Peppermint is probably best known as a remedy for digestive upsets as it has a beneficial action on the stomach, liver and intestines. It was used by the Egyptians and the Romans for its digestive qualities. It has an antispasmodic action that relaxes the smooth muscle in the stomach and gut thus relieving symptoms of colic, diarrhoea, indigestion, vomiting and stomach pain. Drinking peppermint tea is an excellent way of relieving digestive problems. The primary constituent of peppermint is menthol, which causes a physical reaction when inhaled or applied to the skin. Menthol produces an immediate and pronounced sensation of coolness which the body reacts to quite strongly, producing its own ‘warming effect’ as blood flows into the area of application. This physical sensation impresses the senses as a ‘medicinal’ effect and is partially responsible for peppermint’s long history as a medicine. Menthol is often found in sports creams and chest rubs. Peppermint is a stimulating oil to both mind and body and is therefore an excellent choice for mental and physical fatigue. Plant source: Stems and leaves of the herb. Plant family: Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Country of origin: North America, Mediterranean area, Great Britain Method of extraction: Steam distillation. Aroma characteristics: Strong, sharp piercing menthol aroma. Odour intensity: Medium to high. Note: Top Blends well with; Benzoin, Cypress, Lavender, Mandarin, marjoram, Orange, Pine and Rosemary.



Main chemical constituents: Features alcohols, ketones, oxides, esters, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, lactones and coumarins. Peppermint’s key properties are: Analgesic Anti-inflammatory Antimicrobial Antiseptic Antiparasitic Antibacterial Antispasmodic Antiviral Astringent Carminative Cephalic Decongestant Diaphoretic Emmenagogue Expectorant Febrifuge Hepatic Nervine Stomachic Sudorific Vasoconstrictor Vermifuge Aromatherapy Use: Skin: Acne, dermatitis, ringworm, scabies, toothache and broken capillaries. Circulation, muscles and joints: Can raise blood pressure so useful for hypotension, neuralgia, muscular pain, palpitations and varicose veins. Genito-urinary System: Relaxing and pain relieving so useful for menstrual cramps and stimulates production of menstrual flow. Respiratory System: Asthma, bronchitis, sinusitis, spasmodic cough, catarrh, bronchitis, sinusitis and flu. Clears sinuses and can improve breathing. Digestive System: Colic, cramp, flatulence, nausea, indigestion, diarrhoea, stomach pains, helps to break up gallstones, stimulates production of gastric juices, relaxes digestive muscles, tones the stomach and improves appetite. Immune System: Colds, flu, fevers. Nervous System: Fainting, headache, mental fatigue, migraine, nervous stress, vertigo. Other Uses: Insect repellent.



Psychological profile: Peppermint is helpful for depression and fatigue. Safety Data: Non-toxic, non-irritant, but possible sensitization due to the menthol content. Use in moderation as it is a very stimulating oil. It is best avoided by those suffering from epilepsy and heart disease. Use during Pregnancy: DO NOT USE DURING PREGNANCY Peppermint uplifts, invigorates, opens the mind, clears doubt and confusion and improves concentration.



Rose Rosa Centifolia (cabbage rose)

Rose is the queen of essential oils: it is the most prized and most valuable. Rose is produced by solvent extraction and the very high price of Rose oil is due to the huge quantity of rose petals needed to extract a tiny amount of oil, and the very high labour cost involved in this method of extraction. It used to be extracted by steam distillation but this yielded only very small amounts of essential oil as a secondary product during the extraction of rosewater. So it is now extracted by the enfleurage method or by solvent extraction. However, the ‘attar’ or ‘otto’ of roses extracted in this way is so highly concentrated that only a very small amount is needed for each treatment. The attar is solid in the bottle at room temperature and so has to be warmed before use. Rose has been used for the skin for thousands of years. The Arab physician, Avicenna, was responsible for first distilling rose oil, eventually, writing an entire book on the attributes of rose water derived from the distillation of rose. It is one of the most antiseptic essences and combined with its slightly tonic and soothing qualities and the action of the capillaries, it is useful for all types of skin, especially mature, dry or sensitive skin and redness or inflammation. It is also an excellent remedy for the female reproductive system. It has been traditionally used in herbal medicine for its cooling, anti-inflammatory and astringent properties. Plant source: Fresh petals of flowers of the shrub/plant. Plant family: Rosaceae Country of origin: Bulgaria, Turkey Method of extraction: Solvent extraction, water or steam distillation. Aroma characteristics: Rose otto has a sweet and mellow aroma with a hint of vanilla, Rose absolute has a deep, rich and sweet honey-rose aroma. Odour intensity: Very high



Note: Base Blends well with; Bergamot, the Chamomiles, Clary Sage, Cypress, Geranium, Jasmine, Lavender, Mandarin, Neroli, Orange, Palmarosa, Patchouli and Sandalwood. Main chemical constituents: Features alcohols, monoterpenes, esters, phenols, sesquiterpenes and oxides. Rose’s key properties: Antidepressant Antiseptic Antispasmodic Antiviral Aphrodisiac Astringent Anti-inflammatory Bactericidal Depurative Emmenagogue Haemostatic Hepatic Laxative Nervine sedative Relaxant Sedative Stomachic Tonic (heart, liver, stomach & uterus) Aromatherapy use: Skin: All skin types especially dry, ageing, sensitive, chapped or cracked skin, eczema and herpes. Circulatory System: Palpitations, Hypertension, poor circulation and Raynaud’s disease. Digestive System: Liver and bile congestion and nausea. Endocrine System: Pre-menstrual syndrome, irregular and painful periods, uterine disorders, menopausal symptoms, low libido and impotence. Nervous System: Depression, insomnia, nervous tension, stress-related problems, anxiety, headaches and low self-esteem. Respiratory System: Asthma, coughs, bronchitis, tuberculosis and hay fever.



Psychological profile: Rose is helpful for bereavement and grief, emotional trauma, lack of confidence, insecurity, lack of self-worth and nervous tension. Safety data: Non-toxic, non-irritating and non-sensitising. Use during Pregnancy: Do not use in first 3 months, then use in small amounts and well diluted. Rose oil uplifts and strengthens, it gives confidence and helps to harmonise the difference aspects of ourselves and inspires our highest nature.



Rosemary Rosmarinus Officinalis

Rosemary has been used continuously since ancient times in Egypt, Greece and Rome for sacred, ritual and medicinal purposes. Rosemary was part of the ‘Marseilles Vinegar’ or ‘Four Thieves Vinegar’ used by grave-robbing bandits to protect themselves during the 15th Century plague. The name of the oil is derived from the Latin words for dew of the sea (ros + marinus). According to folklore history, rosemary originally had white flowers; however, they turned red after the Virgin Mary laid her cloak on the bush. Since the time of ancient Greece (about 1,000 B.C.), rosemary was burned as incense. Later cultures believed that it warded off devils, a practice that eventually became adopted by the sick who then burned rosemary to protect against infection. It is a physical and mental stimulant that is also useful for a wide range of nervous, circulatory, muscular and digestive disorders. Rosemary has the reputation for improving memory. Inhaling a few drops certainly improves mental clarity. It is valuable for respiratory problems ranging from the common cold, sinusitis to asthma. It is an excellent tonic for the heart, liver and gallbladder and is also very good for tired, stiff and overworked muscles. Plant source: Flowers and leaves of the herb. Plant family: Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Country of origin: Tunisia, Morocco, Spain Method of extraction: Steam distillation. Aroma characteristics: Strong, herbal aroma with a clear, warm and penetrating note, camphor undertone. Odour intensity: High Note: Middle



Blends well with; Lavender, Citronella, Thyme, Pine, Basil, Peppermint, Cedarwood, Petitgrain, Eucalyptus, Tea Tree, Niaouli and Cajeput. Main chemical constituents: Features oxides, monoterpenes, ketones, sesquiterpenes, alcohols and esters. Rosemary’s key properties are: Analgesic Anti-microbial Antioxidant Anti-rheumatic Antitumoral Antifungal Antibacterial Antiparasitic Antiseptic Antispasmodic Astringent Carminative Choleretic Cephalic Digestive Diuretic Emmenagogue Fungicidal Hepatic Hypertensor Nervine Restorative Stimulant (circulatory & adrenal) Stomachic Tonic Vulnerary Aromatherapy Use: Skin: Acne, oily skin – regulates sebum, dermatitis, eczema, lice, scabies, hair care – stimulates growth, reduces oiliness and reputed to inhibit greying. Circulation, muscles and joints: Arteriosclerosis, fluid retention, gout, muscular pain, joint pain, neuralgia, palpitations, poor circulation, varicose veins, cuts, wounds, sores, massage before athletic or dance performance to strengthen and prepare muscles. Endocrine System: Glandular disorders, weak adrenal glands. Respiratory System: Asthma, bronchitis, whooping cough, sinusitis. Digestive System: Colitis, flatulence, jaundice, weak digestion, intestinal infections, diarrhoea, constipation, gallstones, fatty liver/hyper-cholesterolaemia. Immune System: Colds, flu, infections.



Nervous System: Headaches, hypotension, nervous exhaustion, stress related disorders, fatigue, vertigo, fainting, migraine. Psychological profile; Rosemary is helpful for anguish, anxiety, confusion, depression, doubt, emotional numbness and nervous debility. Safety Data: Do not use if suffering from epilepsy or high blood pressure. Non-toxic, non-irritating (in dilution) and non-sensitising. Use during Pregnancy: DO NOT USE DURING PREGNANCY Rosemary is uplifting and energising to the mind. It refreshes, improves concentration and memory.



Sandalwood Santalum Album

Sandalwood oil has been the most used essence in a perfume in its own right. The sandalwood tree grows to a height of 20-30 feet and has red, yellow, violet/pink flowers. Only the inner-wood, known as heart-wood is used. It is one of the most important plants in Indian culture, being used for spiritual, ritual and medicinal purposes. Sandalwood has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine for skin revitalisation. Recent research and Brigham Young University documented its ability to inhibit many types of cancerous cells. Sandalwood is a valuable fixative and is widely used in high-class perfumes. The scent is woody, sweet, reminiscent of rose, with a spicy, oriental undertone. It has a very pronounced action on the mucous membrane of the genito-urinary and pulmonary tracts, and is often used in chronic infections in these areas. Its expectorant and anti-spasmodic properties are also very useful in chronic bronchitis and coughs. Sandalwood is a very subtle oil but it does have powerful effects on the skin and respiratory system. It is also a valuable antidepressant and an aid to stress-related conditions, especially associated with anxiety. Plant origin: Roots and heartwood of the tree. Plant family: Santalaceae Country of origin: India Method of extraction: Water or steam distillation. Aroma characteristics: Very subtle, woody and exotic aroma. Odour intensity: Medium Note: Base Blends well with; Rose, Jasmine, Lavender, Geranium, Patchouli, Vetiver, Myrrh, Bergamot, Petitgrain and Neroli.



Main chemical constituents: Features alcohols, sesquiterpenes, traces of monoterpene, limonene, phenols and ketones. Sandalwood’s key properties: Antidepressant Antiseptic Antispasmodic Aphrodisiac Antitumoral Astringent Anti-inflammatory Bactericidal Carminative Diuretic Expectorant Immune stimulant Sedative Tonic Aromatherapy use: Skin: Effective for dry, dehydrated, oily skins, acne, inflammations, dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, chapped, cracked or damaged skin. Digestive System: Nervous digestion, diarrhoea and nausea. Immune System: Colds, flu and infections. Lymphatic System: Cellulite Nervous System: Anxiety, depression, insomnia, nervous tension, over-excitability and stress-related problems. Respiratory System: Bronchitis, catarrh, whooping cough, sore throat, laryngitis and asthma. Urinary System: Cystitis, urinary tract infections and burning on passing urine. Psychological profile: Sandalwood is helpful for apprehension, emotional exhaustion, insecurity, fear, lack of courage, nervous tension, sensitivity, shyness, tearfulness and weakness of spirit. Safety data: Non-toxic, non-irritating and non-sensitising. Use during Pregnancy: Use in small amounts and well diluted.



Sandalwood is a powerful oil helping with depression and stress-related conditions. It can be grounding and stabilising. It is also used as a fragrance and fixative in perfumes, toiletries and cosmetics.



Tea Tree Melaleuca Alternifolia

Tea Tree’s antiseptic action is thought to be one hundred times more powerful than carbolic acid. This oil is active against all three categories of infectious organisms: bacteria, fungi and viruses. It is also a very powerful immune system stimulant so when the body is threatened by any of these organisms, tea tree increases the body’s ability to respond. It is valuable in fighting against colds and flu reducing the severity of these conditions and helping to prevent secondary infections. Plant source: Leaves and twigs of the tree. Plant family: Myrtaceae Country of origin: Australia, France Method of extraction: Steam or water distillation. Aroma characteristics: Strong antiseptic aroma. Odour intensity: Very high. Note: Top Blends well with: Clary Sage, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Ginger, Lavender, Lemon, Marjoram, Mandarin, Orange, Rosemary and Thyme. Main chemical constituents: Features alcohols, monoterpenes, oxides, sesquiterpenes and traces of acids. Tea Tree’s key properties are: Anti-infectious Anti-inflammatory Antiseptic Antiviral Antibiotic Antimicrobial Antiparasitic Antibacterial Antifungal Bactericidal Balsamic Diaphoretic Expectorant Fungicidal Immunostimulant Parasiticide Vulnerary Vermifuge Stimulant



Aromatherapy Use: Skin: Abscess, acne, athlete’s foot, blisters, burns, bruises, chicken pox rash, cold sores, dandruff, herpes, insect bites, oily skin, rashes (nappy rash), spots, verrucae, warts, wounds (infected). Circulatory system: Varicose veins and heart weakness. Digestive system: Flatulence, congested bile and candida. Respiratory System: Asthma, bronchitis, catarrh, coughs, sinusitis, tuberculosis, whooping cough. Reproductive System: Thrush (vaginal), vaginitis. Immune System: Colds, fever, flu, infectious illnesses. Urinary System: Cystitis and thrush. Nervous System: Shock, trauma, hysteria and stress. Psychological profile: It is a psychic protector. Tea Tree is useful for fear, hypochondria, hysteria, negativity and shock. It is invigorating, stimulating, good for depression, lethargy and general fatigue. Safety Data: Non-toxic, non-irritant although there are indications of

possible sensitisation in some individuals. Use during Pregnancy: Do not use during first 3 months Tea Tree is warming, stimulating and penetrating according to need.



Ylang Ylang Cananga Odorata

A small tropical tree, which is native to the Philippines, tropical Asia, Indonesia and the East Indies Island’s produce the essential oil called Ylang Ylang. The flowers are pink, mauve or yellow depending on the variety: yellow is considered to produce the finest oil. The first part of the oil which is drawn off during the steam distillation process is of the highest quality and is sold under the name of Ylang Ylang. The oil that is drawn off at the latter part of the process is of poorer grade and is sold under the name of Cananga. This has the same therapeutic properties but the perfume of Cananga is less refined. Ylang Ylang means ‘flower of flowers.’ The flowers have been used to cover the beds on newlywed couples on their wedding night. It is traditionally used in hair formulas to promote thick, shiny, lustrous hair. Probably the most important property of Ylang Ylang is its ability to slow down over-rapid breathing (hyperapnoea) and over-rapid heartbeat (tachycardia). It will help to reduce high blood pressure and it is an antidepressant, sedative and an aphrodisiac. It is a real comforter in times of stress. Plant origin: Freshly picked fragrant flowers of the small tropical tree, picked in early summer and early in the morning. Plant family: Annonaceae Country of origin: Commoro Method of extraction: Steam or water distillation – the first distillate is called Ylang Ylang Extra then further successive distillates are called Ylang Ylang 1, 2, & 3. Aroma characteristics: Very sweet heavy, floral and exotic aroma with a musky undertone. Odour intensity: High Note: Base



Blends well with; Geranium, Jasmine, Lavender, Citrus Oils, Benzoin, Rose and Vetiver. Blend with Bergamot or Sandalwood for men who may dislike its sweetness. Main chemical constituents: Features sesquiterpenes, alcohols, esters, phenols, monoterpenes, ketones and acids. Ylang Ylang’s key properties: Antidepressant Antiseptic Aphrodisiac Antispasmodic Antidiabetic Anti-inflmmatory Antiparasitic Euphoric Hypertensive Nervine Regulator (hormonal & sebum) Sedative (nervous) Stimulant (circulatory) Tonic (uterine) Vasodilating Aromatherapy use: Skin: Infections, bites, oily and dry skin, allergies, irritation and stimulates hair growth. Digestive System: May be of use with psychological disorders associated with eating habits. Circulatory System: High blood pressure (hypertension – slows heartbeat), tachycardia, palpitations with over-rapid breathing (hyperapnoea), shock, fright, anxiety, anger or frustration. Reproductive System: Impotence, frigidity, infertility, menopause and hormonal problems. Nervous System: Anxiety, depression, nervous tension, insomnia, restless sleep or legs, shock, trauma, stress and severe tension. Psychological profile: Ylang Ylang is a confidence booster: it is useful for anger, insecurity, fear, frustration, panic, introversion, lack of confidence, jealousy, sensitivity and stubbornness.



Safety data: Non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitising although in some cases sensitisation has been reported. Use in low concentrations as the heady aroma can cause headaches and nausea. Use during Pregnancy: Do not use in first three months, afterwards use in small amounts and well diluted.

Ylang Ylang is helpful for shock, trauma and depression especially in women, it cools hot emotions and helps enhances self-esteem. It balances the male-female energies and enhances spiritual attunement. It restores confidence and peace.



Aromatherapy Product Making

For this section you can also refer to the product making videos in your membership area at www.aromalyne.com

Create Your Product Recipe

Step 1

Determine the reason for making the product

Step 2

Are there any contra-indications?

Step 3

Choose your essential oils?

Step 4

Choose your method of application?

Step 5

Work out your dilution depending on the size of your container

Step 6

Write your recipe




Create Your Product Recipe – Water based product – Roller ball

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Step 6



Create Your Product Recipe – Face Cream

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Step 6



Create Your Product Recipe - Lotion

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Step 6



Create Your Product Recipe – Bath Salts

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Step 6



Natural Skincare Recipes

When calculating the number of drops for skincare products always use

half the number of drops of the standard dilution because facial skin is

much more sensitive.

Dry Skin Face Cream

50g Base Cream

2mls Avocado Oil

Rose Absolute 2 drops

Sandalwood 3 drops

Lavender 5 drops

Add the Jojoba Oil to the base

cream and mix well.

Add the drops of essential oils to

the base cream and mix well.

This is a lovely soothing face cream

which rehydrates and moisturises.

Oily Skin Face Cream

50g Base Cream

1ml Jojoba Oil

1ml Rosehip Oil

Frankincense 2 drops

Lavender 3 drops

Juniper 3 drops

Lemon 2 drops

Add the Jojoba and Rosehip Oil to


Add the drops of essential oils to


This face cream balances oil

production in the skin, clears

blocked pores and rejuvenates the

skin.

Please do not use if you have sensitive

skin or skin allergies.

Combination Skin Face Cream

50g Base Cream Ylang Ylang 2 drops

2mls Jojoba Oil Lavender 4 drops

Geranium 4 drops

Add the oil and essential oils to the base cream and mix well. This is a

lovely soothing face cream which helps to balance your skin whilst

rehydrating and moisturising.



Combination Skin Face Cleanser

50mls bottle

Geranium 5 drops

Sandalwood 2 drops

Sweet Orange 3 drops

Add the essential oils to the

cleanser base and mix well.

Balancing Skin Toner

50mls Bottle

Sandalwood 2 drops

Lavender 5 drops


5mls Geranium Floral Water - has a balancing action to the skin, helps to regulate hormones so useful for teenage skin and for those suffering from hormonal problems.

2mls Solubiliser

1ml Glycerine (optional - this gives the product a silky, smooth texture leaving the skin silky and smooth. Glycerine is derived from vegetable (coconut) fats).

42mls Purified Water (chilled)

Mid the drops into the solubiliser until dissolved and leave for a couple of minutes. Add the Glycerine and mix well (optional). Mix in the floral water and then the purified water and mix well.



Relaxation Recipes

Relaxing Body Lotion

100mls Lotion Base

Sandalwood 4 drops

Clary Sage 2 drops

Lavender 10 drops

Roman Chamomile 8 drops


Add the essential oils to the lotion

base and mix well.

This lotion creates a deep sense of

relaxation. You can also use this

recipe for a bubble bath using bath

foam base.

Caution with Clary Sage – do not use if

drinking alcohol afterwards as Clary Sage

can bring on feelings of being drunk

more quickly and may experience vivid

nightmares.

Avoid during first three months of

pregnancy.

Stress Relieving Massage Oil

45mls Sweet Almond Oil

5mls Avocado Oil

Lavender 6 drops

Sandalwood 4 drops

Rose 4 drops



Add the Sweet Almond and

Avocado Oil together and mix well

and then add the essential oils and

mix well. Apply over areas of

tension and knots.

This massage oil will help to soothe

away the stresses and strains of

everyday life.

I Need Calm Roller Ball

12mls bottle

Clary Sage 2 drops

Lavender 10 drops

Ylang Ylang 6 drops

Add essential oils to 2mls solubiliser mix well and then add to 10mls

purified water.



Uplifting Recipes

Refresh & Revive Shower Gel

100mls Gel Wash Base


Geranium 6 drops

Lemon 5 drops

Rosemary 6 drops

Eucalyptus 3 drops

Add the essential oils to the Gel

Wash Base and mix in well.

This shower gel provides an

uplifting a refreshing shower in the

morning, setting you up for the day

ahead.

Do not use if suffering from epilepsy or

have very sensitive skin.

Avoid during first three months of

pregnancy.

Wake Up Roller Ball

10mls Purified Water

2mls Solubiliser

Peppermint 8 drops

Eucalyptus 6 drops



solubiliser and mix well until it

looks clear. Add the water and mix

again until clear.



Women’s Wellbeing Recipes

Exotic Body Lotion

100mls Lotion Base

Ylang Ylang 4 drops

Rose 2 drops

Lavender 8 drops

Geranium 10 drops


Add the essential oils to the lotion

base and mix well.

This lovely sweet aroma will follow

you around all day.

Avoid during the first three months of

pregnancy.

Pamper Yourself Room Spray

100mls bottle

Sweet Marjoram 11 drops

Ylang Ylang 8 drops

Lavender 11 drops

3mls Solubiliser

25mls Geranium Floral Water

72mls Purified Water


solubiliser and mix well, after a

couple of minutes add the floral

water and mix well. Finally add the

purified water.



Look After Your Muscles Recipes

After Exercise Massage Oil


5mls Jojoba Oil

Rosemary 8 drops


Juniper 4 drops

Lavender 5 drops

Add the Sweet Almond Oil and

Jojoba Oil together and mix well


mix well.

This massage oil will help with and

tired and stiff aching muscles as a

result of exercise.

Do not use if suffering from Epilepsy and

avoid during first three months of

pregnancy (Rosemary). Do not use the

Sweet Almond Oil if allergic to nuts.

Acute, Swollen Muscle Pain

Massage Oil


5mls Jojoba Oil

Eucalyptus 5 drops


Geranium 5 drops

Lavender 5 drops

Peppermint 5 drops

Add the Sweet Almond Oil and

Jojoba Oil together and mix well


mix well.



List of Suggested Suppliers Aromalyne www.aromalyne.com

Essential Oils, Therapeutic Blends, Carrier Oils, Base Products & a small selection of containers

New Directions Ltd

Good selection of containers – glass and plastic

Naturally Thinking

Essential Oils, Carrier Oils, Base Products and containers

Phoenix 0845 230 1982

Base products we have used on the course and carrier oils

Avena

Coloured glass rollerballs


introduction to blending essential oils course...

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