introduction to 4dsintroduction to 4ds author: gilmore, amanda created date: 7/11/2018 8:29:49 am
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to the 4 Ds
Copyright © 2018 Department of Economic Security.
Content may be used for educational purposes without written permission but with a citation to this source
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Housekeeping
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Introductions
Name
Job Title
Which of the 4 DDs you are most familiar with
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Values
People with disabilities are FIRST,
FOREMOST, and ALWAYS people.
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Objectives
• Define developmental disability
• Distinguish between the four qualifying
developmental disabilities
• Recognize the symptoms of the four
developmental disabilities
• List the seven functional limitations
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Developmental DisabilitiesArizona’s Definition
4 qualifying developmental disabilities
Manifests before age 18
Likely to continue indefinitely
Limitations in 3+ life areas
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The Four Developmental Disabilities
Epilepsy Cerebral Palsy
Intellectual Disability Autism / Autism
Spectrum Disorder
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Facts about the 4Ds 2. Manifests
prior
1. At Risk
3.
Continue
Indefinitely
Newborn 2 yrs 6 yrs 12 yrs 18 yrs
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Review Question
A 26 year old individual calls to apply
for services after experiencing their
first seizure 2 weeks ago.
Would this individual qualify for DDD?
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Substantial Functional Limitations
1
5
4
3 6
7
Capacity for
independent living
Economic self-
sufficiency
Self-direction
Self-care Mobility
Learning
2 Receptive and
expressive language
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Environmental factors
Causes of Developmental
Disabilities
Complications during birth
Metabolic disorders
Toxins
Medical issues
Disease or infection
Trauma or injury
Genetic factors
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Interventions and
Supports
Medication
Home and Community Based Supports
Alternative
therapies
SurgeryAdaptive/
augmentative
technologies
Therapies
Nutrition
Specialized
teaching
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Intellectual/Cognitive Disability
Standard Deviation -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Wechsler IQ 40 55 70 85 100 115 130 145 160
Stanford-Binet IQ 36 52 68 84 100 116 132 148 164
Cumulative % 0.003 0.135 2.275 15.866 50 84.134 97.725 99.865 99.997
IQ Normal Curve
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Mild 85%≈ 50-70
Severity of Intellectual Disability
Moderate 10%≈ 35-55
Severe 3-4%≈ 20-40
Profound 1-2%≈ 25 and below
Pervasive
Limited
Intermittent
Extensive
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Epilepsy and Seizures
Seizure is a
symptom of epilepsy.
Characterized by
recurring seizures.
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Causes of Epilepsy
70% Unknown
30%
Head trauma
Prenatal brain development
Lead poisoning
Brain tumor
Brain tissue infection
Heredity
Stroke
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Types of Seizures
Absence
Types of
Seizures
Simple
Complex
Consciousness maintained Altered
Awareness
Consciousness lost or
impaired
Muscle contractions w/
without loss of consciousness
Tonic-Clonic
Partial Seizures Generalized Seizures
Secondary SeizuresFocal seizure, followed by generalized seizure
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Spectrum of Severity
1 3
2
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Seizure Triggers
Drug/alcohol use;
drug interactions
Photosensitivity
Lack of
sleep/extreme
fatigue
Missed medication
(#1 Reason)
Stress/anxiety
Hormonal changes
Dehydration
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Seizure Support
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Emergency SituationsWhen to Call for 911
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Epilepsy Treatments
Medication SurgeryNon-
pharmacologic
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Safety Concerns
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A T
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A T
“A condition characterized by severe disorders in communication and behavior
resulting in limited ability to communicate, understand, learn and participate in
social relationships.”
A developmental disability that can cause significant social, communication and
behavioral challenges.
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Signs and Symptoms of Autism / ASD
Not respond to name
Play differently
Not point to objects
Avoid eye contact
Have difficulty understanding
feelings
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Signs and Symptoms of Autism / ASD
Need for routine
Obsessive interests
Sensory Regulation/Input
Speech / Language delays
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Autism / Autism
Spectrum Disorder
"Awareness" Ten
Things You Should
Know
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Treatments and Interventions
Suppliers
Treatments
and
Interventions
Suppliers
Suppliers
Suppliers
Dietary
Approaches
Medication Complementary
and Alternative
Treatments
Behavioral and
Communications
Approaches
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Cerebral Palsy
Zach Anner Video
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Causes of Cerebral Palsy
AcquiredCongenital Brain injury in the
birthing process
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Early Signs
• Crawls in a lopsided manner,
pushing off with one hand and leg
while dragging the opposite hand
and leg
• Scoots around on buttocks or
hops on knees, but does not
crawl on all fours
10+
months
0-6
months
• Head Lags when
picked up from lying
on back
• Feels Stiff
• Feels “Floppy”
• Legs get stiff and
cross when picked up
6-10
months
• Doesn’t roll in either
direction
• Cannot bring hands
together
• Difficulty bringing
hands to mouth
• Legs get stiff and
cross when picked up
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Spastic Non - Spastic
Types of Cerebral Palsy
Decreased muscle tone
– floppy limbs
Fluctuating muscle
tone – involuntary
movements
Increased muscle tone
– stiff limbs
Hypertonic /
Pyramidal
Most common type
Hypotonic /
Extrapyramidal
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Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Spastic
Diplegia
Spastic
Hemiplegia
Spastic
Quadriplegia
Spastic
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Non-Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Ataxic / AtaxiaDyskinetic
Impaired balance and
coordination
Wide and irregular gait
Impaired eye
movements/vision
Affects fine motor skills
Slow and uncontrollable
movements of extremities
Muscle hyperactivity in
face/ tongue
Intelligence rarely affected
DyskineticAtaxic
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Accompanying Issues
Impaired
Vision
Pain
Speech and
Language Disorders
Epilepsy
Delayed Growth and
Development
Hearing
Loss
Learning
Disability
Spinal Deformities
and Osteoarthritis
Cerebral
Palsy
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Treatment Types
Therapeutic
Drug Treatment
Surgery
Complementary/
Alternative
Treatments
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Review