• INTRODUCTIONSantol tress grows in tropical regions in our country Philippines. It grows better in deep and organic grounds , and with rainfall distributed throughout the year. The santol is very productive tree. A mature tree can produced between 18,000 and 24, 000 fruits per year. It produces in the months of of August and September.

Santol Pulp Ethanol Extracts serves as Biofuel

Biofuel made from from organic material produced by living things, in contrast to fossil fuels such as coal, petruleum, or natural gas that come from long – dead plant and microorganisms.

The most widely used as liquid biofuel in individual countries is ethanol. In united states in 2005, 3.9 billion gallons of ethanol were produced, mainly from corn. Most of that blended with gasoline, accounting

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for 2.8 percent of the total yearly gasoline sales.

PROBLEM

This study aims to answer this general problem: A. Do Santol Pulp extract distilled fuel mixture can be a good fuel?

B. Does the extract expand the capacity to produce Ethanol?

Hypothesis

• A Santol pulp extract distilled fuel mixture can be a good fuel

• The extract expand the capacity to produce ethanol

Materials & Methods

• 500 g of Santol Pulp• 150 ml of kerosene• 350 ml extract of Santol Pulp• Water• Grinder• Weighing Scale• Mixer• Match

• Match• Pot• Container

Methods

A.Gathering of the materials needed.B.Weighing of the Santol Pulp into 500g using the weighing scale.C.Getting of 150ml of kerosene into a container.D.Grinding of the 500g pulp of the said fruit Boiling of the Santol pulp intothe pot within 15 minutes with 400ml of water.E.Preparing and washing the pot for the mixing process.F.Putting the extract of Santol and the 150ml of kerosene into the pot.G.Boiling of the two substances within 15 minutes and wait until it get dark or dim.H.Putting the solution into a container and wait until it gets cold.I.Measuring the solution according to the amount on each set-ups from A to E.J.Testing and lighting with the use of match into a lamp from A to E.K.Observing the set-ups according to its smell, color of the fire and the length of time that is being consumed.

Budget

500 g of Santol pulp – 50 Pesos 150 ml of kerosene – 10 pesos350 ml extract of Santol pulp – 400 ml water – 25 PesosGrinder – 100 PesosWeighing scale – 500Mixer – 250 Pesos

Match – 2 PesosPot – 50 PesosContainer – 100 Pesos

References/ Bibliography

• http; //www.limbopascall107.blogspot.com

• Sandoricum koetjape ( Burm. F.) Merr. Germplasam Resources Information Network ( GRIN ) online database. Retrieval June 19, 2011

• Julia F. Morton “ Santol Central New Crops & Plant Product. Retrieved

The End

• THANK YOU!

Some Initial Steps Towards Cooperation

• The DENR has launched several initiatives (e.g. ECOGOVERNANCE Project, GOLD project) to train LGU in natural resource management – Some watersheds are now managed by LGU

under co-management agreements with the DENR • Certain watersheds are also under the control of a

number of agencies who are dependent on watershed resources such as NAPOCOR and NIA

• The IPRA states that indigenous communities are to be administrators of the country's watersheds within their domains

Elements of a Watershed-Based Water Resource Management

• A biophysical framework—a watershed-based water resource management strategy

• A legal-institutional framework—to provide the legal basis and supporting institutions to implement the proposed water resource management strategy

• An economic framework—led by economic efficiency consideration

• A socio-political framework—defined by the need to have wide support from local communities and political/government units

Watershed-BasedWater Resource

Planning

Economic Efficiency-Dominated Water Policy

Watershed

erga/aug’98

With Legal Mandate and

Sound I nstitutionalSupport

Local Community Support and StrongLGU Commitment

Figure 5. Water Resource Management Strategy

Watershed-Based Water Resources Planning

• The current water policy paradigm in the Philippines is for a river basin water resource planning

• This paradigm is consistent with the watershed approach

• But the river basin as a planning unit is too big to be manageable

• What is needed is to define a watershed unit that a given group of administrative units could manage together in a co-management scheme

Legal and Institutional Framework

• What is needed is an institutional body that will govern the watershed unit—for its water resources and other environmental services

• Since the watershed transcends administrative unit—the need to have watershed council or authority seems to be the move in the right direction to bring about a truly watershed-based water resource planning and implementation

Economic Efficiency and Water Policy

• Allow water to flow where their value in use is highest

• Charge water price at full cost and define clearly the property rights to water use/access

• Increase the efficiency of water use by introducing market-based instruments – Examples of said instruments are water

charges, water markets, and imposing effluent charges

– These instruments could play an important role in stimulating efficient use of water in the country

Local Community Support and Strong Local Government Commitment

• Obtain wide support from the local community vis à vis the local governments and civil societies in water management

• The local communities are the frontline consumers of environmental good and ‘bad’ resulting from water resource rehabilitation or degradation

• It is in their best interest to be directly involved in how this resource is to be managed

• They should be made partners in such an endeavor and must received training to enhance their capacity to perform this role

The Clean Water Act of 2004

• Recognizes the participation of LGUs in the management and improvement of water quality in their respective jurisdictions

• Provides for citizen action in pursuing suits against violators of the bill’s provisions as well as in the conduct of information and education campaign

• Does not propose for the creation of a new water body; instead, it assigns the lead function to the DENR

• Implementing rules and regulations can be crafted to clearly provide for the implementation of a watershed-based approach

Proposed Policy Statements….

• To adopt an integrated, holistic approach in addressing the inherently interrelated issues of water supply planning and operation, demand management, pollution control, and watershed and ground water protection

• To manage water not only as a social good but more importantly as an economic good. As such, water becomes a commodity that is assessed for its scarcity value and whose distribution exists in the context of market processes, even as it is balanced by the view that water is a basic need

…Proposed Policy Statements

• To adopt a water-pricing policy that covers the full economic cost of water production and distribution, by taking into account the opportunity cost of water where there are competing users, and the cost of externalities or negative environmental impacts

• To uphold the principles associated with a watershed-based approach by considering the watershed as the basic unit in managing the water resources of the country

Proposed Administrative Mechanisms to Implement the Strategies

• Emphasize that this should be operationalized along watershed boundaries or river basins – There should be support for the

institutionalization of local water bodies such as River-basin or Watershed-based Authorities, following the LLDA model

• The Governing Boards should be supported by a technical secretariat which include an expert in Watershed Management

Proposed Financial Mechanisms…

• Use market-based instruments in assessing the true value of water that would be levied on users, as well as water-related services or damages.

• May include raising water tariffs and imposing sewerage charges and effluent taxes.

• A socialized system for water-use fees can be adopted to balance the market-based value with the social nature of water as a public good.

• Set a threshold value below which water is provided free of charge, then above which water use is progressively valued

…Proposed Financial Mechanisms

• Insure that a big portion of the water use fees should be used for Watershed Rehabilitation and other restorative mechanisms (e.g. reforestation, vegetative and engineering measures to control/minimize erosion and siltation) to enhance the quality of water discharged from natural sources.

• This amount should be clearly itemized, and earmarked in the relevant budget allocation process

Proposed Action at the Local Level

• LGUs (Province, City, Municipality, Barangay) should also be empowered to establish regional/local bodies such as water councils and river basin authorities

• These bodies do not necessarily require national level legislation but may require inter-LGU legislative action, particularly when watersheds cover different municipalities/cities from different provinces

• These bodies may vary in character, charter, or nature. In fact, some of them may even be in the nature of cooperatives or NGO networks, or para-statals

Enabling Role of National Bodies …

• To support this local level action, the job of the DENR should include a function of advocacy and capacity building – To create awareness among local players

on the possibility for such local institution-building programs

– To capacitate them not only to build such institutions but also to be trained in the technical aspects such as the various facets/features of the watershed approach

… Enabling Role of National Bodies

• The DENR should monitor and evaluate these local water bodies

• This should not, however, stop local actors from collectively making action that would induce Congress to strengthen, through legislative recognition, the local structures.

• Examples of this would include the mobilization moves that led to the creation of the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development and the current efforts to enact a law that would create a Davao River Authority.

Thank You!