introduction - oshc.org.hk...following two categories: sick building syndrome (sbs) and building...

大部分文職人員在辦公室或室內工作，由於他們需要在室內逗留的時間很長，所以室內的空氣質素確實不容忽視。良好的室內空氣質素，既可保障人們的健康，又可令人感覺舒適；相反，惡劣的室內空氣質素，則會危害在職人士的健康，生產力亦會受影響。本期通訊將討論辦公室室內空氣質素的問題及一些緩解措施。

引言

IntroductionMost sedentary workers have to work either at the office or in an indoor

environment. As they generally have to stay indoors for a long period of time,

indoor air quality is an issue of major concern. Good indoor air quality safeguards

people's health and also gives a comfortable environment. In contrast, poor

indoor air quality jeopardizes people's health as well as productivity. This bulletin

is going to discuss the issues about indoor air quality and off er suggestions on

alleviation measures.

24118_Sedentary.indd 424118_Sedentary.indd 4 12年9月20日上午10:2212年9月20日上午10:22

室內環境受到污染，可令人感到不適，例如頭痛、眼睛痕癢、呼吸困難、皮膚過敏、疲勞、嘔吐與及一系列急性或慢性的症狀和疾病。現時已有許多科學證據顯示，惡劣室內空氣質素與一系列健康問題和投訴有關。這些健康問題包括呼吸道感官短暫不適，以至可危害生命的疾病，一般可分為以下兩大類別：「病態樓宇綜合症」及「樓宇相關疾病」。

Polluted indoor environments can lead to discomfort, such as headaches, eye irritation, breathing

difficulties, skin allergies, fatigue, vomiting, and a series of acute or chronic symptoms and diseases.

A significant amount of scientific evidence indicates that a range of health problems and complaints

are associated with poor indoor air quality. The problems range from transient sensory irritation of the

respiratory tract to diseases that can be life-threatening. These problems can generally be divided into the

following two categories: Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) and Building Related Illnesses (BRI).

「病態樓宇綜合症」是指因佔用某指定樓宇而產生的一系列相關非特定症狀的統稱。有關症狀包括：

SBS is the name given to a range of non-specifi c symptoms associated with occupation of a particular

building. The symptoms include:

‧ 眼睛不適和痕癢 Irritation and itching of the eyes

‧ 鼻腔及咽喉不適 Nose and throat irritation

‧ 流鼻水或鼻塞 Runny or congested nose

‧ 其他與感冒相似的徵狀 Other fl u-like symptoms

‧ 胸部翳悶 Chest tightness

‧ 間歇性皮膚痕癢，並出現疹子 Itchy skin occasionally with the

development of rash

‧ 頭痛 Headaches

‧ 嗜眠 Lethargy

‧ 難於集中精神 Poor concentration

‧ 煩躁 Irritability

當離開有關樓宇後，症狀會有所緩和，甚或完全消失。雖然「病態樓宇綜合症」不會危害生命或導致永久性傷殘，但往往會導致較低的工作效率、較高的缺勤率及請病假次數和員工流失率增加。

The symptoms tend to abate or disappear entirely when the aff ected personnel leave the building. Though

SBS is not life-threatening or permanently disabling, it has often resulted in lower work performance,

higher absenteeism and amount of sick leave taken and increased staff turnover.

室內空氣質素對健康的影響Impact of Indoor Air Quality on Health


「樓宇相關疾病」是經臨床診斷的疾病，其成因是與樓宇內的室內空氣污染物有關。過敏性反應，例如由若干品種的真菌所引致的過敏性局部急性肺炎；及傳染病，例如「退伍軍人症」和「增濕器發熱病」（病徵與感冒相似的一種疾病）等都是辦公室和公眾室內場所佔用人所患上的「樓宇相關疾病」的常見例子。

BRI are clinically diagnosed illnesses which are attributed to causes associated with indoor air pollutants

in buildings. Allergic reactions such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by certain species of fungi,

and infectious diseases such as Legionnaires’ disease and humidifi er fever (an infl uenza-like illness) are

typical examples of BRI in offi ces and public buildings.

常見的室內空氣污染物及其來源Common Indoor Air Pollutants and Their Sources

室內工作環境可同時存在多種的空氣污染物，而最備受關注的主要空氣污染物包括：

Indoor working environments can contain a variety of air pollutants. Air pollutants of major concern

include:

來源 Sources 污染物 Pollutants

建築材料 Building Materials

石料、水泥 Stone, concrete

木制品、鑲面板 Wooden products, veneers

絕緣材料 Insulation materials

阻燃材料 Fire retardants

油漆 Paint

氡氣 Radon

甲醛、有機化合物 Formaldehyde, organic compounds

甲醛、玻璃纖維 Formaldehyde, fi breglass

石棉 Asbestos

有機化合物、鉛 Organic compounds, lead

儀器設備 Equipment and installations

影印機 Photocopiers

通風系統 Ventilation systems

廚房爐灶 Kitchen stoves

臭氧 Ozone

纖維、微生物 Fibres, micro-organisms

一氧化碳和二氧化碳、氮氧化物、有機化合物、塵粒Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides,

organic compounds, dust

人類生物 Occupants

新陳代謝 Metabolism

生物活動 Biological activities

二氧化碳、水蒸氣、氣味Carbon dioxide, water vapour, odours

微生物 Micro-organisms

人的活動 Human activities

吸煙 Smoking

空氣清新劑 Air fresheners

清潔劑 Cleaning agents

一氧化碳、其他化合物、塵粒Carbon monoxide, other compounds, dust

碳氟化合物、氣味 Fluorocarbons, odours

有機化合物、氣味 Organic compounds, odours


www.oshc.org.hk

改善室內空氣質素的方法How to Improve Indoor Air Quality

改善通風措施

‧ 避免將外來空氣入口的位置安裝在已知的污染源、污水和冷凝塔附近

‧ 防止動物進入外來空氣入口的位置和鳥兒在附近棲息做窩

‧ 室內排氣出口與空氣入口應盡可能距離遠些，排氣口應具有一定的高度

‧ 室內排氣口的方向應與進氣口的方向相反‧ 移去阻塞室內回風口的障礙物，避免空調系統失衡

‧ 應定期清潔增濕器、衡溫器、風扇、隔塵網、通風管道和冷凝塔

控制室內污染物源頭

‧ 選擇適當的傢具以控制揮發性有機化合物的污染‧ 在室內工作環境禁止吸煙‧ 改用化學強度較低的清潔劑‧ 將影印機重新放置，使其遠離一般工作範圍‧ 室內空氣淨化系統有助清除空氣污染物‧ 定期安排清潔及滅蟲工作有助減少塵埃積聚及微生物滋長

Control the Source of Air Pollutants

‧ Select the appropriate furniture that limits pollutants from volatile organic compounds.

‧ Prohibit smoking in indoor working environment.

‧ Use detergents with lower chemical concentration.

‧ Relocate photocopiers to somewhere which is far away from general operation area.

‧ Install indoor air purifi cation system which helps remove air pollutants.

‧ Arrange regular cleaning and pest control works to reduce dust accumulation and micro-organism

growth.

Ventilation Improvements

‧ Do not locate air inlets near any known

sources of pollution, sewage, or cooling

towers.

‧ Ensure that animals are unable to enter air

inlets, and prevent birds from roosting or

building nests.

‧ The distance between exhaust vents and air

inlets should be kept as far as possible, and

exhaust vents should be located at a certain

height.

‧ Exhaust vents should face in the opposite

direction of the fresh air inlets.

‧ Remove any obstacles that block the indoor

return air grille to avoid making the air

conditioning system imbalance.

‧ Humidifi ers, temperature control units, fans,

fi lters, ventilation ducts and cooling towers

should be regularly cleaned.


行政手段

‧ 重新安排活動，例如在辦公時間以外的時段，進行翻新工程或滅蟲工作等

‧ 限制產生污染物器材的操作時間‧ 重新安置較容易受影響的人士，安排他們遠離曾令他們出現病徵的範圍

Administrative Actions

‧ Re-schedule activities such as renovation works

or pest control to outside normal working hours.

‧ Limit the operating time of equipment that may

produce pollutants.

‧ Relocate more susceptible individuals from areas

where they experience the symptoms.

職安局訓練中心定期舉辦室內空氣質素及有關的課程，以下列出有關課程資料。如欲報讀課程或索取更多有關職安健課程資料，請致電2311 3322或3106 2000與本局訓練中心聯絡。

OSHC organizes regular training courses on Indoor Air Quality and the related details are as follows. For

further information, please contact our OSH Training Centre at 2311 3322 or 3106 2000.

室內工作場所的空氣質素Indoor Air Quality in Workplaces (AIR)課程內容 Highlights:

1. 有關法例 Related legislation

2. 污染的影響 Health eff ects of air contaminants

3. 職業衛生的監察 Occupational hygiene monitoring

4. 預防及控制措施 Preventive and control measures

5. 職業衛生標準的應用 The use of occupational hygiene standards

退伍軍人症及預防方法課程Legionnaires’ Disease and Its Prevention (LEGD)課程內容 Highlights:

1. 相關的職業安全健康法例 Relevant occupational safety and health legislation

2. 介紹退伍軍人症 Introduction on Legionnaires’ Disease

3. 退伍軍人症的危害 Hazards of Legionnaires’ Disease

4. 退伍軍人症病菌的傳播途徑 Transmission path of the bacteria that cause Legionnaires’ Disease

5. 預防退伍軍人症的基本措施 Basic preventive measure against Legionnaires’ Disease

相關職安健訓練課程OSH Training Course


本人對文職系安全健康通訊感興趣，並以電子郵件索取免費訂閱表格

© 2012 Occupational Safety & Health Council 職業安全健康局 9/2012 (1)

遊戲問答

有獎Quiz

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電郵 E-mail ： [email protected]傳真 Fax ： 2739 9779網址 Website ： www.oshc.org.hk

職安熱線 OSH Hotline : 2739 9000

請圈出正確答案及填妥下列表格，郵寄或傳真回2739 9779本局總辦事處，信封面請註明「文職系安全健康通訊問答遊戲」。截止日期：2012年12月7日。Please circle the correct answers and fi ll in the following form and send it or fax it to the Council. Please write “Sedentary Workers Safety & Health Bulletin Prize Quiz” on the envelope. Closing date: 7 December 2012.

姓名 Name：香港身份證號碼 HK Identity Card No.：必須與香港身份證姓名相同 As appeared on HK Identity Card 只須填寫首四個號碼 HK Identity Card No. (First 4 digits)，例如 i.e.: A123XXX(X)

地址 Address：

日間聯絡電話 Daytime Contact Tel. No.：

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電話 Tel. No：傳真 Fax No：電子郵件 E-mail Address：

填妥後請將表格傳真至 2739 9779 職業安全健康局. Please fax the form to Occupational Safety and Health Council (Fax No. : 2739 9779)

Free Subscription Form

文職系安全及健康委員會

Occupational Safety & Health CouncilSedentary Workers Safety & Health Committee

參加細則

1. 歡迎年滿15歲或以上的香港居民參加。 2. 每人只限參加一次。 3. 主辦機構之員工及其直系家屬均一律不得參加。4. 得獎者的姓名必須與香港身份證上的姓名相同，否則將被取消得獎資格。 5. 得獎結果以主辦機構的決定為準。 6. 主辦機構保留更改有關是項活動事宜的權利，恕不另行通知。 7. 倘有任何爭議，一切以主辦機構的決定為最終決定。 8. 歡迎複印參加表格。

個人資料聲明

本局會保留閣下個人資料作推廣職業安全及健康之用，包括研究及統計。若閣下不欲收到職業安全及健康訊息，請填寫此聲明末段所列方格。□ 本人不欲收到上述訊息所有資料將於活動完後銷毀。

Rules for Participation1. Hong Kong citizens aged 15 or above are welcome to participate.2. Each participant may only enter once. 3. The employees and direct family members of the organising body are not eligible to enter.4. Winner will be disqualifi ed if their name is not identical to that appeared on the HK Identity Card.5. The decision of the organising body regarding the prize results is fi nal.6. The organising body reserves the right to make changes to any matters related to the competition and will not provide further notice.7. In the event of any dispute, all decisions by the organising body are fi nal. 8. Welcome to photocopy the form.

Personal Data StatementWe will keep your personal data for promotion of safety and health at work, including related research and statisical purposes. We may need to transfer such data to service providers, event co-organizers and partner institutions. If you do not wish to receive information and news relating to safety and health at work from us, please mark the box at the end of this Statement.

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個人資料聲明

本局會保留閣下個人資料作推廣職業安全及健康之用，包括研究及統計。本局或需將資料轉遞予服務提供者、活動共同舉辦者和夥伴機構。若閣下不欲收到職業安全及健康訊息，請填寫此聲明末段所列方格。□ 本人不欲收到上述訊息

Personal Information StatementThe information provided would be kept for promoting safety and health, including research and statistics. The information may need to be passed to service providers, function co-organizer and partnerships. If you do not want to receive Occupational Safety and Health information. Please tick the box in the bottom of this statement.

□ I do not want to receive the information stated above

1 惡劣的室內空氣質素可引致甚麼健康問題？ What health problem(s) can be caused by poor indoor air quality?

A. 病態樓宇綜合症 Sick Building Syndrome

B. 退伍軍人症 Legionnaires’ disease C. 以上皆是 All of the above

2 下列哪些是室內空氣污染物？ Which of the following is air pollutant?

A. 一氧化碳、二氧化碳 Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide

B. 氡氣、臭氧 Radon, ozone

C. 以上皆是 All of the above

3 下列哪項屬於有效改善空氣質素的方法？ Which of the following is an eff ective way to improve air quality?

A. 在室內工作環境禁止吸煙 Prohibit smoking in indoor working environment B. 在室內工作環境噴灑消毒劑 Spray disinfectant in indoor working environment C. 關閉窗戶阻隔室外污染物進入 Close all windows to prevent outdoor pollutants from coming in


introduction - oshc.org.hk...following two categories: sick building syndrome (sbs) and building...

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