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Introduction of ASP.NET

ByMr. V. Ram S.

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Wha t You S h ould Alre a dy Know!

Before you continue you should have a basicunderstanding of the following:WWW, HTML, XML and the basics of building WebpagesScripting languages like JavaScript or VBScriptThe basics of server side scripting like ASP or PHP

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Wha t is Cl a ssic ASP?

Microsoft's previous server side scriptingtechnology ASP (Active Server Pages) is nowoften called classic ASP.ASP 3.0 was the last version of classic ASP.

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ASP.NET is NOT ASP

ASP.NET is the next generation ASP, but it's not anupgraded version of ASP.ASP.NET is an entirely new technology for server-side scripting. It was written from the ground upand is not backward compatible with classic ASP.You can read more about the differencesbetween ASP and ASP.NET in the next chapter of this tutorial.ASP.NET is the major part of the Microsoft's .NETFramework.

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Wha t is ASP.NET?

ASP.NET is a server side scripting technology thatenables scripts (embedded in web pages) to beexecuted by an Internet server.

ASP.NET is a Microsoft TechnologyASP stands for Active Server PagesASP.NET is a program that runs inside IISIIS (Internet Information Services) is Microsoft's

Internet serverIIS comes as a free component with Windows serversIIS is also a part of Windows 2000 and XP Professional

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Wha t is a n ASP.NET File?

An ASP.NET file is just the same as an HTMLfile

An ASP.NET file can contain HTML, XML, andscriptsScripts in an ASP.NET file are executed on theserverAn ASP.NET file has the file extension ".aspx"

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H ow Does ASP.NET W ork?

When a browser requests an HTML file, theserver returns the fileWhen a browser requests an ASP.NET file, IISpasses the request to the ASP.NET engine onthe serverThe ASP.NET engine reads the file, line by line,

and executes the scripts in the fileFinally, the ASP.NET file is returned to thebrowser as plain HTML

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Wha t is ASP+?

ASP+ is the same as ASP.NET.ASP+ is just an early name used by Microsoft

when they developed ASP.NET.

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Th e Microsoft .NET Fr am ework

The .NET Framework is the infrastructure for theMicrosoft .NET platform.The .NET Framework is an environment for building,deploying, and running Web applications and WebServices.Microsoft's first server technology ASP (Active ServerPages), was a powerful and flexible "programminglanguage". But it was too code oriented. It was not anapplication framework and not an enterprisedevelopment tool.The Microsoft .NET Framework was developed to solvethis problem.

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NET Fr am eworks keywords:

Easier and quicker programmingReduced amount of code

Declarative programming modelRicher server control hierarchy with eventsLarger class library

Better support for development tools

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Th e .NET Fr am ework consists of 3 ma in p a rts:

Programming languages:C# (Pronounced C sharp)Visual Basic (VB .NET)J# (Pronounced J sharp)

Server technologies and client technologies:ASP .NET (Active Server Pages)Windows Forms (Windows desktop solutions)Compact Framework (PDA / Mobile solutions)Development environments:

Visual Studio .NET (VS .NET)Visual Web Developer

This tutorial is about ASP.NET.

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ASP.NET 2.0

ASP.NET 2.0 improves upon ASP.NET by addingsupport for several new features.

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ASP.NET 3.0

ASP.NET 3.0 is not a new version of ASP.NET.It's just the name for a new ASP.NET 2.0framework library with support for WindowsPresentation Foundation, WindowsCommunication Foundation, WindowsWorkflow Foundation; and Windows

Card Space.

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New in ASP.NET

Better language supportProgrammable controlsEvent-driven programming

XML-based componentsUser authentication, with accounts and rolesHigher scalabilityIncreased performance - Compiled codeEasier configuration and deploymentNot fully ASP compatible

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L a ngu a ge Support

ASP.NET uses ADO.NET.ASP.NET supports full Visual Basic, not

VBScript.ASP.NET supports C# (C sharp) and C++.ASP.NET supports JScript.

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ASP.NET Controls

ASP.NET contains a large set of HTML controls.Almost all HTML elements on a page can bedefined as ASP.NET control objects that can be

controlled by scripts.ASP.NET also contains a new set of object-oriented input controls, like programmable list-boxes and validation controls.

A new data grid control supports sorting, datapaging, and everything you can expect from adataset control.

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Event Aw a re Controls

All ASP.NET objects on a Web page can exposeevents that can be processed by ASP.NETcode.Load, Click and Change events handled bycode makes coding much simpler and muchbetter organized.

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ASP.NET Co m ponents

ASP.NET components are heavily based onXML. Like the new AD Rotator, that uses XMLto store advertisement information andconfiguration.

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U ser Aut h entic a tion

ASP.NET supports form-based userauthentication, cookie management, andautomatic redirecting of unauthorized logins.

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U ser Accounts a nd Roles

ASP.NET allows user accounts and roles, togive each user (with a given role) access todifferent server code and executables.

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H igh Sc a lab ility

Much has been done with ASP.NET to providegreater scalability.Server-to-server communication has beengreatly enhanced, making it possible to scalean application over several servers. Oneexample of this is the ability to run XMLparsers, XSL transformations and evenresource hungry session objects on otherservers.

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Co m piled Code

The first request for an ASP.NET page on theserver will compile the ASP.NET code and keepa cached copy in memory. The result of this isgreatly increased performance.

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Ea sy Configur a tion

Configuration of ASP.NET is done with plaintext files.

Configuration files can be uploaded orchanged while the application is running. Noneed to restart the server. No more metabaseor registry puzzle.

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Ea sy Deploy m ent

No more server-restart to deploy or replacecompiled code. ASP.NET simply redirects allnew requests to the new code.

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Co m pa tib ility

ASP.NET is not fully compatible with earlierversions of ASP, so most of the old ASP codewill need some changes to run under ASP.NET.To overcome this problem, ASP.NET uses anew file extension ".aspx". This will makeASP.NET applications able to run side by sidewith standard ASP applications on the sameserver.

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Service P a cks a nd U pd a tes

Before ASP.NET can be installed on yourcomputer, all relevant service packs and securityupdates must be installed.

The easiest way to do this is to activate yourWindows Internet Update. When you access theWindows Update page, you will be instructed toinstall the latest service packs and all critical

security updates. For Windows 2000, make sureyou install Service Pack 2. You should also installthe latest version of Internet Explorer.

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Inst a ll .NET

From your Windows Update you can nowselect the Microsoft .NET Framework.

After download, the .NET framework willinstall itself on your computer - there are nooptions to select for installation.

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H ow Does it W ork?

Fundamentally an ASP.NET page is just the same as an HTML page.

An HTML page has the extension .htm. If a browser requests anHTML page from the server, the server sends the page to thebrowser without any modifications.

An ASP.NET page has the extension .aspx. If a browser requests anASP.NET page, the server processes any executable code in thepage, before the result is sent back to the browser.

The ASP.NET page above does not contain any executable code, sonothing is executed. In the next examples we will add someexecutable code to the page to demonstrate the differencebetween static HTML pages and dynamic ASP pages.

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Cla ssic ASP

placed inside HTML pages.Previous versions of ASP (before ASP .NET) are

often called Classic ASP.ASP.NET is not fully compatible with ClassicASP, but most Classic ASP pages will work fineas ASP.NET pages, with only minor changes.

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Dyn am ic P a ge in Cl a ssic ASP

To demonstrate how ASP can display pages with dynamic content,we have added some executable code (in red) to the previousexample:Hello W3Schools!

The code inside the tags is executed on the server.Response.Write is ASP code for writing something to the HTMLoutput stream.Now() is a function returning the servers current date and time.

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Dyn am ic P a ge in ASP .NET

Hello W3Schools!

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L im ita tions in Cl a ssic ASP

Hello W3Schools!

The code above illustrates a limitation in Classic ASP: Thecode block has to be placed where you want the output toappear.With Classic ASP it is impossible to separate executablecode from the HTML itself. This makes the page difficult toread, and difficult to maintain.

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Adv a nt a ge of ASP.NET

ASP.NET has many advantages over other platforms when it comes tocreating Web applications. Probably the most significant advantage is itsintegration with the Windows server and programming tools. Webapplications created with ASP.NET are easier to create, debug, and deploybecause those tasks can all be performed within a single developmentenvironment Visual Studio .NET.ASP.NET delivers the following other advantages to Web applicationdevelopers:Executable portions of a Web application compiled so they execute morequickly than interpreted scriptsOn-the-fly updates of deployed Web applications without restarting theserverAccess to the .NET Framework, which extends the Windows APIUse of the widely known Visual Basic programming language, which hasbeen enhanced to fully support object-oriented programming

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Adv a nt a ge of ASP.NETIntroduction of the new Visual C# programming language, which providesa type-safe, object-oriented version of the C programming languageAutomatic state management for controls on a Web page (called servercontrols) so that they behave much more like Windows controlsThe ability to create new, customized server controls from existing controls

Built-in security through the Windows server or through otherauthentication/authorization methodsIntegration with Microsoft ADO.NET to provide database access anddatabase design tools from within Visual Studio .NETFull support for Extensible Markup Language (XML), cascading style sheets(CSS), and other new and established Web standards

Built-in features for caching frequently requested Web pages on theserver, localizing content for specific languages and cultures, and detectingbrowser capabilities

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