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Langston Psycholinguistics Lecture 1

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Langston Psycholinguistics Lecture 1. Introduction. What is psycholinguistics?. How many languages do you speak? Linguistics: The study of language itself. Psycholinguistics: How language develops, is used, and represented. A note about the class. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Introduction

LangstonPsycholinguistics

Lecture 1

Page 2: Introduction

What is psycholinguistics? How many languages do you speak? Linguistics: The study of language itself. Psycholinguistics: How language

develops, is used, and represented.

Page 3: Introduction
Page 4: Introduction

A note about the class “This class was quite a bore. I think the professor tried to make the

topics interesting but he failed miserably. He required us to write five reaction papers to pass the class, problem was... it was hard to find anything he said worth reacting to and it will be hard to make an A on these because his grading is very subjective. The class was a disappointment and I strongly suggest CDIS Language Acquistion if you would like to gain more knowledge about language because this class is far too broad and unorganized. It was one of those classes that are based on theories but no concrete answers. Unless you aspire to be a linguist, i don't suggest taking this class because the professor doesn't focus on one topic long enough for a student to have a clear understanding. I suggest no one take this class with the " i need an elective mentality" or this class will be your most confusing nightmare. I passed but I'm not ashamed to say that it was pure luck.”

Page 5: Introduction

What interests us? Random bits…

Page 6: Introduction

What interests us? Who’s the boss?

Is secular humanism a religion? ○ http://www.christiananswers.net/q-sum/sum-

r002.html○ http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/161944?

redirectedFrom=religion#eidWho decides what words mean?

○ Humpty Dumpty

Page 7: Introduction

What interests us? Who’s the boss? What do words do? Why is controlling

meaning necessary (in some people’s minds):http://www.snopes.com/holidays/

christmas/music/godrestye.asp

Page 8: Introduction

What interests us? Where do words come from and why?

From Savage Love (5/23/01):“At the end of last week’s column, you asked

what we should call it when a woman f***ks a man in the a** with a strap-on di*do. We should call it ‘a woman f***king a man in the a** with a strap-on dil*o.’ Does every sexual practice need a cute term? I’m sick of not being able to say everyday, previously run-of-the-mill phrases like ‘tossed salad’ because now everyone thinks I want…”

Can we just add words to the language?

Page 9: Introduction

What interests us? Words can mean. What else can they

do? “Author Toni Morrison, in her Nobel

lecture, says that representations of violence are not just representations, they are violence,” says Worsham. “Language has a way of doing violence.”What power do words have? Where do they

get their power?

Page 10: Introduction

What interests us? How are words connected to the body?

Is this meaning?Is hot under the collar hot?Does the cold shoulder make you cold?Is there such a thing as amodal cognition?

Page 11: Introduction

The plan The goal is to trace language through the

system:Some backgroundSpeech: input to comprehensionReading: input to comprehensionWordsSyntax (word order)Semantics (meaning)Development (biology, of a language, and of the

individual)

Page 12: Introduction

Language Facts “man’s most important cultural invention” “language pervades thought, with

different languages causing their speakers to construe reality in different ways”

“children learn to talk from role models and caregivers”

Page 13: Introduction

Language Facts “grammatical sophistication used to be

nurtured in the schools, but sagging educational standards and the debasements of popular culture have led to a frightening decline in the ability of the average person to construct a grammatical sentence”

“English is a zany, logic-defying tongue” “English spelling takes such wackiness to

even greater heights” ghoti

Page 14: Introduction

Language Facts All facts from Pinker (1994, p. 4) Let’s look at them again. Pinker and I both

want to convince you that all of this is wrong.

Page 15: Introduction

Language Facts “man’s most important cultural invention”

It’s biology. We will see a lot of these arguments at the end, but:

1. Species specific.2. Replicated in every member of the species.3. Differentiated spontaneously with maturation.4. Certain aspects emerge only during infancy. (List from Fernandez & Cairns after

Lenneberg, 1967)

Page 16: Introduction

Language Facts “language pervades thought, with

different languages causing their speakers to construe reality in different ways”Language and thought are related, but

language is not equal to thought.Language evolved for communication of

thoughts.

Page 17: Introduction

Language Facts “children learn to talk from role models

and caregivers”Much of what kids know is not explicitly

taught.The debate is not so much whether they are

explicitly taught, but more about what is available in the information given to them. Can they pick up language without biology?

Page 18: Introduction

Language Facts “children learn to talk from role models

and caregivers”A unicorn is in the garden. How do you

make it a question?A unicorn that is eating a flower is in the

garden. How do you make it a question?Jabberwocky

Page 19: Introduction

Language Facts “grammatical sophistication used to be

nurtured in the schools, but sagging educational standards and the debasements of popular culture have led to a frightening decline in the ability of the average person to construct a grammatical sentence”Language evolves.The problem of aks.

Page 20: Introduction

Language Facts “English is a zany, logic-defying tongue” “English spelling takes such wackiness to

even greater heights” ghotiThe goal of the system is different from people’s

expectation.○ Electric○ Electricity

Page 21: Introduction

More on the distinction More Alice.

Page 22: Introduction

More on the distinction Markedness (linguistics): Some terms

seem to have an extra feature (they’re marked). For example:Long-shortHot-coldHappy-sad

Page 23: Introduction

More on the distinction Markedness: How do we know?

Unmarked is the name of the dimension (“this board is three feet long” versus “this board is three feet short”).

Unmarked can be used in questions without implying anything (“how long is it?” versus “how short is it?”).

Page 24: Introduction

More on the distinction Markedness (psycholinguistics): What

does it do?Marked terms take longer to access.Marked terms are a possible account of a

relationship between language and spatial processing.

Page 25: Introduction

More on the distinction Insert…

Page 26: Introduction

History Very abbreviated:

Behaviorism: Verbal behavior can be acquired through classical and operant conditioning just like the rest of psychology.

Not necessarily. We need to make the distinction between whether it can be learned and whether it is learned the way behaviorists expected.

Page 27: Introduction

History Very abbreviated:

Chomsky:○ Poverty of the stimulus

John wants him to win.John wants Bill to see him.

○ Trouble with associations as an account for language:Colorless green ideas sleep furiously.

○ Competence/performanceBlit, blib, blish

Page 28: Introduction

History Very abbreviated:

A different model (the cognitive revolution):○ Information theory: We can calculate how

much information is in a message.○ This can explain this:

MST PPL CN RD THS SNTNC.○ And this:

- The witness was examined by the _____.

Page 29: Introduction

History Very abbreviated:

A different model (the cognitive revolution):○ It was also a philosophical change (e.g., you

can have representations).○ Methodology came along.○ More subject matter (sometimes the way you

look at things affects what you see).

Page 30: Introduction

Our problem The Language Instinct

Page 31: Introduction

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