Pathophysiology

Yu-Hong Jia, Ph.DDepartment of pathophysiologyDalian medical university

Introduction

• Concept

• Goal

• Status

• Contents

Ⅰ. Concept

• Pathophysiology is a subject to explore the rule and mechanism of the origin and evolution of disease.

• Applied physiology– Clinical physiology– Medical physiology– Physiology of disease

Ⅱ. Goal, status, contents

• Explore the general rule and mechanism of occurrence and development of disease

• Explore the functional and metabolic alterations of sick body and the underlying mechanism

1. Goal

investigation

Question 1: Which basal subjects do you think are most useful for clinical practice?

Answer: pathophysiology and pharmacology

Question 2: Which basal subjects do you think are most difficult to learn?

Answer: biochemistry and pathophysiology

2. Status – a bridge linking basic medical science and clinical medical science

• a synthesized marginal subject linked with many subjects of basic medical science.

• a subject linked with clinical medical science

Basic medical science

Clinical medical science

pathophysiology

A bridge subject

2. Status

knowledge on structure, function,

metabolism

Synthesize, analyze

Normal body Sick body

Knowledge after scientific thinking

Stem from Apply to

Anatomy, histology, physiology, biochemistry

pathophysiology

Pathophysiology - dialectics about human

diarrhea

hypokalemia

arrhythmia

1. K+ directly lost with intestinal juice

2. diarrhea→extra cellular fluid↓→ effective circulatory blood volume↓→ ADS↑→Na+ retention, K+ excretion → loss of K+ through kidney↑

hypokalemia→myocardial resting membrane potential change→alteration of myocardial excitability, contractility, conductivity, automaticity→arrhythimia

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Pathophysiology is different from clinical subject

Pathophysiology Clinical subject

Kinds of disease

Disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism

Acid-base imbalance

hypoxia

shock

gastroenteritis

pneumonia

Cause of disease

Disturbance of normal physiological or

biochemical process

A wide range of extrinsic and intrinsic

factors… …

Heart pump

Myocardial contractility and

diastolic function

load of myocardium

Heart failure

Heart failure

Chronic bronchitis

Cough, stethocatharsis, with/without asthma, last for two or more than two years, exclusive of other disea

se of heart and lung.

The cause of chronic bronchitis:

infection

Smoking

cold

Immunological factor

Diagnosis criteria:

pathophysiology

conspectus of disease

basic pathological process

Organic pathophysiology

Cellular and molecular pathophysiology

3. contents

conspectus of disease

• Concept of disease

• Etiology of disease

• Pathogenesis of disease

• Outcome of disease

basic pathological process

• Refers to some common and collective functional and/or metabolic and/or structural alterations presented in many kinds of disease.

• e.g. hypoxia, edema, stress, acidosis, fever, and so on

Organic pathophysiology

• Mainly discuss the basic processes and mechanisms of the insufficiency or failure of important organs in the body, i. e., heart, lung, liver, kidney and brain.

Cellular and molecular pathophysiology

• Signal transduction and disease

• Cell apoptosis in disease

• What is pathophysiology?

• Why is pathophysiology important?

• What contents are arranged in the book of pathophysiology?

How to Learn Pathophysiology

Grasp the major points: causes, pathogenesis, alterations in metabolism and functions

Use dialectical thinking and methods, such as views of contradictory and unification, transformation, etc.

Selectively review related knowledge learned previously, such as physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, pathology, and so on.

Pay attention to the lecture in class.