introduction 3d analysis of soil-pile interaction summary...

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1 Peter Mackenzie-Helnwein Pedro Arduino Kathryn Ann Petek http://www.ce.washington.edu Introduction Background & Goal 3D Analysis of Soil-Pile Interaction Beam-Solid Approach Contact Formulation & Implementation Practical Applications Summary and Conclusions

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Page 1: Introduction 3D Analysis of Soil-Pile Interaction Summary ...opensees.berkeley.edu/workshop/OpenSeesDays2006...Introduction Background & Goal 3D Analysis of Soil-Pile Interaction Beam-Solid

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Peter Mackenzie-HelnweinPedro Arduino

Kathryn Ann Petekhttp://www.ce.washington.edu

������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� �

� Introduction� Background & Goal

� 3D Analysis of Soil-Pile Interaction� Beam-Solid Approach� Contact Formulation & Implementation� Practical Applications

� Summary and Conclusions

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������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� �

� Primary Modeling Issues

� Characterization of soil

� Pile structural modeling

� Interface behavior

� Goal� Expand & improve

capabilities for modeling soil-pile interaction

� New beam-solid contact formulation

������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� ��

Constraint Based Interface (Solid-Solid)

� Contact element applies a geometric constraint to the system that relates a slave node on the pile to a surface patch on soil.

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������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� ��

������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� �

Soil: solid elementsPile: beam elements

Pile-Soil Interface: ?

Beam-Solid Contact Element

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������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� ��

r

Surface, Γ

rg cs −−⋅= )( xxn

Γ= cs xx

xa

xb

xs If in contact

Gap function

xcn

cΓx

������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� �

Center line

ϕϕϕϕc (ξ)Γcx

xa

xb

a1

b1

xc

ξ

Projected point on center line

xc = ϕϕϕϕc (ξc)

Tangent vector

c1 = ϕϕϕϕc, ξ (ξc)

c1n

ξc

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������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� ��

e1

e3

e2

xa

xb

xc

a1a2

a3

b1b2

b3

c1c2

c3

nΓcx

( ) ( ) ( ) , : ,cξ ψ ϕ ξ ξ ψΓ = + r

( ) ( ) ( ) , ,c c c c c c cξ ψ ϕ ξ ξ ψΓ = +x r

������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� �!

e1

e3

e2

( ) ( ) ( ), : ,cξ ψ ϕ ξ ξ ψΓ = + r

( ) ( ) ( ), ,c c c c c c cξ ψ ϕ ξ ξ ψΓ = +x r

xa

xb

xc

a1a2

a3

b1b2

b3

c1c2

c3

nΓcx gψ

( ) , ,, ,c c c cξ ξ ξ ξξ ψ ϕ= Γ = +g r

( ) , ,, ,c c c cψ ψ ψ ψξ ψ ϕ=Γ = +g r

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������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� �"

1 11 ( , )n nn n s c n nsα α ξ ψ

+ +

Γ+ � �∆ = ⋅ −� �g x x

1+nsx

gψn

),(1 nncn

ψξΓ+

x

gξn

s∆

Incremental Slip:

1n nsαα+∆ = ∆s g

������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� �

s

ts

tn

2D Node-to-Line Element 3D Node-to-Surface Element

g1 g2

n

, 1s n+x, 1 , ,( , )c n c n c nξ ψΓ+x

∆sst

nt− n

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������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� �

� The geometric constraints are related with an interface constitutive law:

� Mohr-Coulomb Friction Law

� Can also use non-linear and history dependent material models, including specific models for concrete structures on soil

0s nf t cµ= − ⋅ − ≤t µ

c st

nt

������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� �

� Virtual Work expression:

� Linearization:

� Problem: requires

� Solution:

s n nW t g t gδ δ δ δ= + − ⋅s t

s( ) n nW g t t dgδ δ δ δ∆ = ∆ + − ⋅∆s t

ccδ δϕ δΓ = +x r

cδ Γxδs

c cδϕ δφ= + ×r

:s ss n ss sn n

n

t tt

∂ ∂∆ = ⋅ ∆ + ∆ = ∆ + ∆∂ ∂t tt s C s Cs

Note: Css & Csn depend on the state: sticking, sliding

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������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� #

Linearization and Tangent Stiffness Matrix:

: Tngδ δ= q B

]( ) 0

T T TT s ss s n s sn

n Tnn

W tt

δ δ δ∆� �− − � �

�∆ = ⋅ ⋅� � � ∆� �� �

qB C B B B Cq

B

:T Tsδ δ=s q B

TK

s( ) n nW g t t gδ δ δ δ∆ = ∆ + ∆ − ⋅ ∆s t

:

A

A

B

B

δδφ

δδδφ

� � = � � � �

u

qu

������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� �

New element and material classes

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������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� ��

� Perform numerical load test � Compare results

3x Magnification

������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� �

� Normal interface stresses and radial soil stresses

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������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� �

� Evaluation of beam response� Numerical p-y curves

������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� �!

Homogeneous sand Sand-Clay-Sand: L2D1

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������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� �

� Constraint based contact interface elements capture well pile-soil interface behavior

� A more sophisticated description of the kinematics of the contact interface allows for the use of efficient beam elements with fiber cross section to model pile behavior.

� The proposed beam-solid contact element significantly simplifies mesh generation without compromising accuracy.

� Validation simulations & practical application studies demonstrate usability of beam-solid contact elements

������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� �����������

Questions?

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������������� � ����������������� ������ ������ ������� ����������� �

Thank you