introduction 2010 government expenditure on works, goods and services in eu 19.7% of gdp -...
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Introduction•2010 government expenditure on works, goods and services in EU 19.7% of GDP - 2.406,98€ billion.
•Can be used to stimulate innovation
•Focus on public procurement of innovation in EU
•maintain competitive advantage and welfare
•Governments are important first users for high technology (Urban & von Hippel, 1988).
•Need interaction in public procurement of innovation (PPI).
•The aim of this research is to investigate the institutions that govern this interaction and how they influence performance in PPI.
• Institutions are “the rules of the game” (North, 1990)•.” •
Methods•two contrasting cases - success and failure•interviews with managers, documents, web-pages, news releases•Interviews with 5 purchasers in municipalities in Southern Denmark and one development consultant•Analysis based on explanation building •The analysis focused on: institutions - typology by Coriat and Weinstein (2002)Risk and risk managementt – (European commission, 2010)Rationalities – Economic-, Technological-, political- and legal rationality (Gregersen, 2010)
Acknowledgements This research is a part of the INTERREG 4 project ‘Emerging Attractions’The data was gathered as a part of a bigger project (ProcSouth) lead by PhD Max Rolfstam and some of the stakeholder interviews were conducted by a research partner Edelnora Gisela Abonce Perez.
ConclusionsInstitutions a possible barrier in PPI, specifically;•Risk averse behavior of procurers •Interpreting EU directives •Institutional match between users and producers •Short term views in evaluation of PPI
Barriers of interpreting EU directives are;•Writing specifications for tenders •Evaluating innovative offers •Courts interpretation of the directives
Mismatch between users and producers in both cases is found to be a possible barrier.
Cross case analysis suggests that user-producer interaction can be used to overcome institutional barriers.
This research was exploratory and results are only based on two cases so more research is needed into the role of institutions in user producer interaction in PPI.
User-producer interaction in public procurement of innovationRannveig Edda Hjaltadóttir
PhD student at IFG
The Self Post Unit Case The Intelligent Light Bulb CaseOriginal contact Post Danmark, the procurer Design Peak, the producerType of procurement Direct procurement with intrinsic need No procurement took place or is plannedInteraction Close interaction limited interaction Interactive learning Needed each other, different expertise
experts from a SDU for participatory innovation process.
Limited cooperation on the design, need, use and pilot
Cooperation Close, joint decisions, open communication. Dialog on regulations, possibilities and properties - pilot
Risk lack of acceptance by employees and customers, technological risk and financial risk
Mainly organisational and financial risk
Rationalities represented
All four represented by the procurer - mainly economic rationality by producer
All four represented by the procurer - mainly economic rationality by producer
The Self-Postal Unit Case The Intelligent Light-bulb case • Post Denmark A/S - self-service postal unit 2005-2009• No fitting units on the market• Developed and produced by aCon A/S • SPU self-service of posting a letter/parcel for domestic
or foreign destination• 36 units delivered to Post DK – other customers
• Entrepreneur offers an energy saving light-bulb to Sønderborg in 2008
• Product developed by Design Peak • Movement activated LED lights for bike lanes and
footpaths• No procurement has taken place
Expert Interviews•6 experts from 5 municipalities in Southern Jutland •PPI can be done but is difficult and not common – mainly incremental innovations•Not much focus on PPI, neither as a policy tool or for securing high level of service •Difficulties in writing tender specifications allowing for innovative bids and evaluating different offers•Risk of firms appealing the decision of the procuring municipality – possible delays and even fines
Contact informationRannveig Edda HjaltadóttirPhD student at the Department of Border Region StudiesUniversity of Southern Denmark, SønderborgEmail: [email protected]: http://www.sdu.dkAlsion 2, DK-6400 Sønderborg, Denmark