ObjectivesObjectives

History andMarkup languagesComparison between XML and

HTMLXML SyntaxXML Design rationaleXML Elements and AttributeXML DTDXML Validation

HistoryHistory

SGMLHTML

XML1985 1990

199598

Standardized General Markup Language

HyperText Markup Language

eXtensible Markup Language

Introduction of XML

XML stands for EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE

XML represent the text information in a standard format

XML was designed to transport and store information

It is used for documents containing structure information in a reliable way

What do mark up languagesdo

1048708 Markup languages consist of a set of markupconventions used for encoding texts1048708 A markup language specifies ndash1048708 What markup is allowed1048708 What markup is required1048708 How the mark up is distinguished from text1048708 What the markup means

Features of XML

XML files are text files which can be managed by any text editor

XML is very simple because it has less than 10 syntax rules

XML tags are not predefined You must define your own tags

XML is designed to be self-descriptive

ADVANTAGES OF XML

It can represent common computer science data structures records lists and trees

Its self-documenting format describes structure and field names as well as specific values

The strict syntax and parsing requirements make the necessary parsing algorithms extremely simple efficient and consistent

XML is heavily used as a format for document storage and processing both online and offline

How is XML different fromHTML

HTML and XML have different sets of goals

HTML was designed to display data and hence

focused on the lsquolookrsquo of the data

XML was designed to describe and carry data and hence focuses on lsquowhat data isrsquo

XML Does Not DO Anything HTML and XML are complementary to each

other

XML Syntax Rules

Now lets take a look at some of the important rules of XML syntax

All XML Elements Must Have a Closing Tag

XML Tags are Case Sensitive

ltpgtThis is a paragraphltpgt

ltbr gt

The tag ltLettergt is different from the tag ltlettergt

XML Syntax Rules

XML Elements Must be Properly Nested

XML Documents Must Have a Root Element

ltbgtltigtThis text is bold

and italicltigtltbgt

ltrootgt ltchildgt

ltsubchildgtltsubchildgt ltchildgtltrootgt

XML Elements

An Element is a technical term for a

textual unit viewed as a structural

component Different types of elements are given

different names The names do not express meaning and

meanings are application dependent XML elements are extensible

Authoring XML Elements

An XML element is made up of a start tag an end tag and data in between

Example

ltdirectorgt Matthew Dunn ltdirectorgt

Example of another element with the same value

ltactorgt Matthew Dunn ltactorgt

XML tags are case-sensitive

ltCITYgt ltCitygt ltcitygt

Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)

An attribute is a name-value pair separated by an equal sign (=)

Example

ltCity ZIP=ldquo94608rdquogt Emeryville ltCitygt

Attributes are used to attach additional secondary information to an element

XML Attributes

1048708 XML elements can have attributes in

namevalue pairs as in HTML

1048708 Attributes must always be in quotes

Either single or double quotes are valid

though double quotes are most common

1048708 Attributes are always contained within

the start tag of an element

What is an XML DTD

1048708 DTD stands for Document Type Definition

1048708 DTD is a formal model for defining the role

of each element

1048708 It formally defines the relationship between

the various elements that form the documents

1048708 The purpose of a Document Type Definition is

to define the legal building blocks of an XML

document

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)

XML document types can be specified using a DTDDTD does not constrain data types All values represented as strings in XMLDTD definition syntaxltELEMENT element (subelements-specification) gtltATTLIST element (attributes) gthellip more details laterValid XML documents refer to a DTD (or other

Schema)

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

External Public DTD Declaration

Internal DTD Declaration

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

External DTD Declaration referring to a file or a URL

test = name of the root element

DTD is defined in file testdtd

DTD is defined

inside XML

Application should

know DTD

XML Validation

There are two types of XML documents ldquoWell formedrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to the

syntax of XML is called lsquowell formedrsquo ldquoValidrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to a

DTD Is called a lsquoValidrsquo DTD

What is a well-formed XML document What is a well-formed XML document

Well-formed documents follow basic syntax rules eg there is an XML declaration in the first line there is a single document rootall tags use proper delimitersall elements have start and end tags

But can be minimized if empty ltbrgt instead of ltbrgtltbrgt

all elements are properly nested

ltauthorgt ltfirstnamegtMarkltfirstnamegt

ltlastnamegtTwainltlastnamegt ltauthorgtappropriate use of special characters

XML Validator

Use our XML validator to syntax-check your XML

XML Errors Will Stop YouSyntax-Check Your XMLSyntax-Check an XML FileValidate Your XML Against a DTD

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

HistoryHistory

SGMLHTML

XML1985 1990

199598

Standardized General Markup Language

HyperText Markup Language

eXtensible Markup Language

Introduction of XML

XML stands for EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE

XML represent the text information in a standard format

XML was designed to transport and store information

It is used for documents containing structure information in a reliable way

What do mark up languagesdo

1048708 Markup languages consist of a set of markupconventions used for encoding texts1048708 A markup language specifies ndash1048708 What markup is allowed1048708 What markup is required1048708 How the mark up is distinguished from text1048708 What the markup means

Features of XML

XML files are text files which can be managed by any text editor

XML is very simple because it has less than 10 syntax rules

XML tags are not predefined You must define your own tags

XML is designed to be self-descriptive

ADVANTAGES OF XML

It can represent common computer science data structures records lists and trees

Its self-documenting format describes structure and field names as well as specific values

The strict syntax and parsing requirements make the necessary parsing algorithms extremely simple efficient and consistent

XML is heavily used as a format for document storage and processing both online and offline

How is XML different fromHTML

HTML and XML have different sets of goals

HTML was designed to display data and hence

focused on the lsquolookrsquo of the data

XML was designed to describe and carry data and hence focuses on lsquowhat data isrsquo

XML Does Not DO Anything HTML and XML are complementary to each

other

XML Syntax Rules

Now lets take a look at some of the important rules of XML syntax

All XML Elements Must Have a Closing Tag

XML Tags are Case Sensitive

ltpgtThis is a paragraphltpgt

ltbr gt

The tag ltLettergt is different from the tag ltlettergt

XML Syntax Rules

XML Elements Must be Properly Nested

XML Documents Must Have a Root Element

ltbgtltigtThis text is bold

and italicltigtltbgt

ltrootgt ltchildgt

ltsubchildgtltsubchildgt ltchildgtltrootgt

XML Elements

An Element is a technical term for a

textual unit viewed as a structural

component Different types of elements are given

different names The names do not express meaning and

meanings are application dependent XML elements are extensible

Authoring XML Elements

An XML element is made up of a start tag an end tag and data in between

Example

ltdirectorgt Matthew Dunn ltdirectorgt

Example of another element with the same value

ltactorgt Matthew Dunn ltactorgt

XML tags are case-sensitive

ltCITYgt ltCitygt ltcitygt

Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)

An attribute is a name-value pair separated by an equal sign (=)

Example

ltCity ZIP=ldquo94608rdquogt Emeryville ltCitygt

Attributes are used to attach additional secondary information to an element

XML Attributes

1048708 XML elements can have attributes in

namevalue pairs as in HTML

1048708 Attributes must always be in quotes

Either single or double quotes are valid

though double quotes are most common

1048708 Attributes are always contained within

the start tag of an element

What is an XML DTD

1048708 DTD stands for Document Type Definition

1048708 DTD is a formal model for defining the role

of each element

1048708 It formally defines the relationship between

the various elements that form the documents

1048708 The purpose of a Document Type Definition is

to define the legal building blocks of an XML

document

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)

XML document types can be specified using a DTDDTD does not constrain data types All values represented as strings in XMLDTD definition syntaxltELEMENT element (subelements-specification) gtltATTLIST element (attributes) gthellip more details laterValid XML documents refer to a DTD (or other

Schema)

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

External Public DTD Declaration

Internal DTD Declaration

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

External DTD Declaration referring to a file or a URL

test = name of the root element

DTD is defined in file testdtd

DTD is defined

inside XML

Application should

know DTD

XML Validation

There are two types of XML documents ldquoWell formedrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to the

syntax of XML is called lsquowell formedrsquo ldquoValidrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to a

DTD Is called a lsquoValidrsquo DTD

What is a well-formed XML document What is a well-formed XML document

Well-formed documents follow basic syntax rules eg there is an XML declaration in the first line there is a single document rootall tags use proper delimitersall elements have start and end tags

But can be minimized if empty ltbrgt instead of ltbrgtltbrgt

all elements are properly nested

ltauthorgt ltfirstnamegtMarkltfirstnamegt

ltlastnamegtTwainltlastnamegt ltauthorgtappropriate use of special characters

XML Validator

Use our XML validator to syntax-check your XML

XML Errors Will Stop YouSyntax-Check Your XMLSyntax-Check an XML FileValidate Your XML Against a DTD

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

Introduction of XML

XML stands for EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE

XML represent the text information in a standard format

XML was designed to transport and store information

It is used for documents containing structure information in a reliable way

What do mark up languagesdo

1048708 Markup languages consist of a set of markupconventions used for encoding texts1048708 A markup language specifies ndash1048708 What markup is allowed1048708 What markup is required1048708 How the mark up is distinguished from text1048708 What the markup means

Features of XML

XML files are text files which can be managed by any text editor

XML is very simple because it has less than 10 syntax rules

XML tags are not predefined You must define your own tags

XML is designed to be self-descriptive

ADVANTAGES OF XML

It can represent common computer science data structures records lists and trees

Its self-documenting format describes structure and field names as well as specific values

The strict syntax and parsing requirements make the necessary parsing algorithms extremely simple efficient and consistent

XML is heavily used as a format for document storage and processing both online and offline

How is XML different fromHTML

HTML and XML have different sets of goals

HTML was designed to display data and hence

focused on the lsquolookrsquo of the data

XML was designed to describe and carry data and hence focuses on lsquowhat data isrsquo

XML Does Not DO Anything HTML and XML are complementary to each

other

XML Syntax Rules

Now lets take a look at some of the important rules of XML syntax

All XML Elements Must Have a Closing Tag

XML Tags are Case Sensitive

ltpgtThis is a paragraphltpgt

ltbr gt

The tag ltLettergt is different from the tag ltlettergt

XML Syntax Rules

XML Elements Must be Properly Nested

XML Documents Must Have a Root Element

ltbgtltigtThis text is bold

and italicltigtltbgt

ltrootgt ltchildgt

ltsubchildgtltsubchildgt ltchildgtltrootgt

XML Elements

An Element is a technical term for a

textual unit viewed as a structural

component Different types of elements are given

different names The names do not express meaning and

meanings are application dependent XML elements are extensible

Authoring XML Elements

An XML element is made up of a start tag an end tag and data in between

Example

ltdirectorgt Matthew Dunn ltdirectorgt

Example of another element with the same value

ltactorgt Matthew Dunn ltactorgt

XML tags are case-sensitive

ltCITYgt ltCitygt ltcitygt

Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)

An attribute is a name-value pair separated by an equal sign (=)

Example

ltCity ZIP=ldquo94608rdquogt Emeryville ltCitygt

Attributes are used to attach additional secondary information to an element

XML Attributes

1048708 XML elements can have attributes in

namevalue pairs as in HTML

1048708 Attributes must always be in quotes

Either single or double quotes are valid

though double quotes are most common

1048708 Attributes are always contained within

the start tag of an element

What is an XML DTD

1048708 DTD stands for Document Type Definition

1048708 DTD is a formal model for defining the role

of each element

1048708 It formally defines the relationship between

the various elements that form the documents

1048708 The purpose of a Document Type Definition is

to define the legal building blocks of an XML

document

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)

XML document types can be specified using a DTDDTD does not constrain data types All values represented as strings in XMLDTD definition syntaxltELEMENT element (subelements-specification) gtltATTLIST element (attributes) gthellip more details laterValid XML documents refer to a DTD (or other

Schema)

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

External Public DTD Declaration

Internal DTD Declaration

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

External DTD Declaration referring to a file or a URL

test = name of the root element

DTD is defined in file testdtd

DTD is defined

inside XML

Application should

know DTD

XML Validation

There are two types of XML documents ldquoWell formedrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to the

syntax of XML is called lsquowell formedrsquo ldquoValidrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to a

DTD Is called a lsquoValidrsquo DTD

What is a well-formed XML document What is a well-formed XML document

Well-formed documents follow basic syntax rules eg there is an XML declaration in the first line there is a single document rootall tags use proper delimitersall elements have start and end tags

But can be minimized if empty ltbrgt instead of ltbrgtltbrgt

all elements are properly nested

ltauthorgt ltfirstnamegtMarkltfirstnamegt

ltlastnamegtTwainltlastnamegt ltauthorgtappropriate use of special characters

XML Validator

Use our XML validator to syntax-check your XML

XML Errors Will Stop YouSyntax-Check Your XMLSyntax-Check an XML FileValidate Your XML Against a DTD

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

What do mark up languagesdo

1048708 Markup languages consist of a set of markupconventions used for encoding texts1048708 A markup language specifies ndash1048708 What markup is allowed1048708 What markup is required1048708 How the mark up is distinguished from text1048708 What the markup means

Features of XML

XML files are text files which can be managed by any text editor

XML is very simple because it has less than 10 syntax rules

XML tags are not predefined You must define your own tags

XML is designed to be self-descriptive

ADVANTAGES OF XML

It can represent common computer science data structures records lists and trees

Its self-documenting format describes structure and field names as well as specific values

The strict syntax and parsing requirements make the necessary parsing algorithms extremely simple efficient and consistent

XML is heavily used as a format for document storage and processing both online and offline

How is XML different fromHTML

HTML and XML have different sets of goals

HTML was designed to display data and hence

focused on the lsquolookrsquo of the data

XML was designed to describe and carry data and hence focuses on lsquowhat data isrsquo

XML Does Not DO Anything HTML and XML are complementary to each

other

XML Syntax Rules

Now lets take a look at some of the important rules of XML syntax

All XML Elements Must Have a Closing Tag

XML Tags are Case Sensitive

ltpgtThis is a paragraphltpgt

ltbr gt

The tag ltLettergt is different from the tag ltlettergt

XML Syntax Rules

XML Elements Must be Properly Nested

XML Documents Must Have a Root Element

ltbgtltigtThis text is bold

and italicltigtltbgt

ltrootgt ltchildgt

ltsubchildgtltsubchildgt ltchildgtltrootgt

XML Elements

An Element is a technical term for a

textual unit viewed as a structural

component Different types of elements are given

different names The names do not express meaning and

meanings are application dependent XML elements are extensible

Authoring XML Elements

An XML element is made up of a start tag an end tag and data in between

Example

ltdirectorgt Matthew Dunn ltdirectorgt

Example of another element with the same value

ltactorgt Matthew Dunn ltactorgt

XML tags are case-sensitive

ltCITYgt ltCitygt ltcitygt

Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)

An attribute is a name-value pair separated by an equal sign (=)

Example

ltCity ZIP=ldquo94608rdquogt Emeryville ltCitygt

Attributes are used to attach additional secondary information to an element

XML Attributes

1048708 XML elements can have attributes in

namevalue pairs as in HTML

1048708 Attributes must always be in quotes

Either single or double quotes are valid

though double quotes are most common

1048708 Attributes are always contained within

the start tag of an element

What is an XML DTD

1048708 DTD stands for Document Type Definition

1048708 DTD is a formal model for defining the role

of each element

1048708 It formally defines the relationship between

the various elements that form the documents

1048708 The purpose of a Document Type Definition is

to define the legal building blocks of an XML

document

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)

XML document types can be specified using a DTDDTD does not constrain data types All values represented as strings in XMLDTD definition syntaxltELEMENT element (subelements-specification) gtltATTLIST element (attributes) gthellip more details laterValid XML documents refer to a DTD (or other

Schema)

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

External Public DTD Declaration

Internal DTD Declaration

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

External DTD Declaration referring to a file or a URL

test = name of the root element

DTD is defined in file testdtd

DTD is defined

inside XML

Application should

know DTD

XML Validation

There are two types of XML documents ldquoWell formedrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to the

syntax of XML is called lsquowell formedrsquo ldquoValidrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to a

DTD Is called a lsquoValidrsquo DTD

What is a well-formed XML document What is a well-formed XML document

Well-formed documents follow basic syntax rules eg there is an XML declaration in the first line there is a single document rootall tags use proper delimitersall elements have start and end tags

But can be minimized if empty ltbrgt instead of ltbrgtltbrgt

all elements are properly nested

ltauthorgt ltfirstnamegtMarkltfirstnamegt

ltlastnamegtTwainltlastnamegt ltauthorgtappropriate use of special characters

XML Validator

Use our XML validator to syntax-check your XML

XML Errors Will Stop YouSyntax-Check Your XMLSyntax-Check an XML FileValidate Your XML Against a DTD

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

Features of XML

XML files are text files which can be managed by any text editor

XML is very simple because it has less than 10 syntax rules

XML tags are not predefined You must define your own tags

XML is designed to be self-descriptive

ADVANTAGES OF XML

It can represent common computer science data structures records lists and trees

Its self-documenting format describes structure and field names as well as specific values

The strict syntax and parsing requirements make the necessary parsing algorithms extremely simple efficient and consistent

XML is heavily used as a format for document storage and processing both online and offline

How is XML different fromHTML

HTML and XML have different sets of goals

HTML was designed to display data and hence

focused on the lsquolookrsquo of the data

XML was designed to describe and carry data and hence focuses on lsquowhat data isrsquo

XML Does Not DO Anything HTML and XML are complementary to each

other

XML Syntax Rules

Now lets take a look at some of the important rules of XML syntax

All XML Elements Must Have a Closing Tag

XML Tags are Case Sensitive

ltpgtThis is a paragraphltpgt

ltbr gt

The tag ltLettergt is different from the tag ltlettergt

XML Syntax Rules

XML Elements Must be Properly Nested

XML Documents Must Have a Root Element

ltbgtltigtThis text is bold

and italicltigtltbgt

ltrootgt ltchildgt

ltsubchildgtltsubchildgt ltchildgtltrootgt

XML Elements

An Element is a technical term for a

textual unit viewed as a structural

component Different types of elements are given

different names The names do not express meaning and

meanings are application dependent XML elements are extensible

Authoring XML Elements

An XML element is made up of a start tag an end tag and data in between

Example

ltdirectorgt Matthew Dunn ltdirectorgt

Example of another element with the same value

ltactorgt Matthew Dunn ltactorgt

XML tags are case-sensitive

ltCITYgt ltCitygt ltcitygt

Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)

An attribute is a name-value pair separated by an equal sign (=)

Example

ltCity ZIP=ldquo94608rdquogt Emeryville ltCitygt

Attributes are used to attach additional secondary information to an element

XML Attributes

1048708 XML elements can have attributes in

namevalue pairs as in HTML

1048708 Attributes must always be in quotes

Either single or double quotes are valid

though double quotes are most common

1048708 Attributes are always contained within

the start tag of an element

What is an XML DTD

1048708 DTD stands for Document Type Definition

1048708 DTD is a formal model for defining the role

of each element

1048708 It formally defines the relationship between

the various elements that form the documents

1048708 The purpose of a Document Type Definition is

to define the legal building blocks of an XML

document

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)

XML document types can be specified using a DTDDTD does not constrain data types All values represented as strings in XMLDTD definition syntaxltELEMENT element (subelements-specification) gtltATTLIST element (attributes) gthellip more details laterValid XML documents refer to a DTD (or other

Schema)

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

External Public DTD Declaration

Internal DTD Declaration

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

External DTD Declaration referring to a file or a URL

test = name of the root element

DTD is defined in file testdtd

DTD is defined

inside XML

Application should

know DTD

XML Validation

There are two types of XML documents ldquoWell formedrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to the

syntax of XML is called lsquowell formedrsquo ldquoValidrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to a

DTD Is called a lsquoValidrsquo DTD

What is a well-formed XML document What is a well-formed XML document

Well-formed documents follow basic syntax rules eg there is an XML declaration in the first line there is a single document rootall tags use proper delimitersall elements have start and end tags

But can be minimized if empty ltbrgt instead of ltbrgtltbrgt

all elements are properly nested

ltauthorgt ltfirstnamegtMarkltfirstnamegt

ltlastnamegtTwainltlastnamegt ltauthorgtappropriate use of special characters

XML Validator

Use our XML validator to syntax-check your XML

XML Errors Will Stop YouSyntax-Check Your XMLSyntax-Check an XML FileValidate Your XML Against a DTD

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

ADVANTAGES OF XML

It can represent common computer science data structures records lists and trees

Its self-documenting format describes structure and field names as well as specific values

The strict syntax and parsing requirements make the necessary parsing algorithms extremely simple efficient and consistent

XML is heavily used as a format for document storage and processing both online and offline

How is XML different fromHTML

HTML and XML have different sets of goals

HTML was designed to display data and hence

focused on the lsquolookrsquo of the data

XML was designed to describe and carry data and hence focuses on lsquowhat data isrsquo

XML Does Not DO Anything HTML and XML are complementary to each

other

XML Syntax Rules

Now lets take a look at some of the important rules of XML syntax

All XML Elements Must Have a Closing Tag

XML Tags are Case Sensitive

ltpgtThis is a paragraphltpgt

ltbr gt

The tag ltLettergt is different from the tag ltlettergt

XML Syntax Rules

XML Elements Must be Properly Nested

XML Documents Must Have a Root Element

ltbgtltigtThis text is bold

and italicltigtltbgt

ltrootgt ltchildgt

ltsubchildgtltsubchildgt ltchildgtltrootgt

XML Elements

An Element is a technical term for a

textual unit viewed as a structural

component Different types of elements are given

different names The names do not express meaning and

meanings are application dependent XML elements are extensible

Authoring XML Elements

An XML element is made up of a start tag an end tag and data in between

Example

ltdirectorgt Matthew Dunn ltdirectorgt

Example of another element with the same value

ltactorgt Matthew Dunn ltactorgt

XML tags are case-sensitive

ltCITYgt ltCitygt ltcitygt

Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)

An attribute is a name-value pair separated by an equal sign (=)

Example

ltCity ZIP=ldquo94608rdquogt Emeryville ltCitygt

Attributes are used to attach additional secondary information to an element

XML Attributes

1048708 XML elements can have attributes in

namevalue pairs as in HTML

1048708 Attributes must always be in quotes

Either single or double quotes are valid

though double quotes are most common

1048708 Attributes are always contained within

the start tag of an element

What is an XML DTD

1048708 DTD stands for Document Type Definition

1048708 DTD is a formal model for defining the role

of each element

1048708 It formally defines the relationship between

the various elements that form the documents

1048708 The purpose of a Document Type Definition is

to define the legal building blocks of an XML

document

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)

XML document types can be specified using a DTDDTD does not constrain data types All values represented as strings in XMLDTD definition syntaxltELEMENT element (subelements-specification) gtltATTLIST element (attributes) gthellip more details laterValid XML documents refer to a DTD (or other

Schema)

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

External Public DTD Declaration

Internal DTD Declaration

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

External DTD Declaration referring to a file or a URL

test = name of the root element

DTD is defined in file testdtd

DTD is defined

inside XML

Application should

know DTD

XML Validation

There are two types of XML documents ldquoWell formedrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to the

syntax of XML is called lsquowell formedrsquo ldquoValidrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to a

DTD Is called a lsquoValidrsquo DTD

What is a well-formed XML document What is a well-formed XML document

Well-formed documents follow basic syntax rules eg there is an XML declaration in the first line there is a single document rootall tags use proper delimitersall elements have start and end tags

But can be minimized if empty ltbrgt instead of ltbrgtltbrgt

all elements are properly nested

ltauthorgt ltfirstnamegtMarkltfirstnamegt

ltlastnamegtTwainltlastnamegt ltauthorgtappropriate use of special characters

XML Validator

Use our XML validator to syntax-check your XML

XML Errors Will Stop YouSyntax-Check Your XMLSyntax-Check an XML FileValidate Your XML Against a DTD

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

How is XML different fromHTML

HTML and XML have different sets of goals

HTML was designed to display data and hence

focused on the lsquolookrsquo of the data

XML was designed to describe and carry data and hence focuses on lsquowhat data isrsquo

XML Does Not DO Anything HTML and XML are complementary to each

other

XML Syntax Rules

Now lets take a look at some of the important rules of XML syntax

All XML Elements Must Have a Closing Tag

XML Tags are Case Sensitive

ltpgtThis is a paragraphltpgt

ltbr gt

The tag ltLettergt is different from the tag ltlettergt

XML Syntax Rules

XML Elements Must be Properly Nested

XML Documents Must Have a Root Element

ltbgtltigtThis text is bold

and italicltigtltbgt

ltrootgt ltchildgt

ltsubchildgtltsubchildgt ltchildgtltrootgt

XML Elements

An Element is a technical term for a

textual unit viewed as a structural

component Different types of elements are given

different names The names do not express meaning and

meanings are application dependent XML elements are extensible

Authoring XML Elements

An XML element is made up of a start tag an end tag and data in between

Example

ltdirectorgt Matthew Dunn ltdirectorgt

Example of another element with the same value

ltactorgt Matthew Dunn ltactorgt

XML tags are case-sensitive

ltCITYgt ltCitygt ltcitygt

Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)

An attribute is a name-value pair separated by an equal sign (=)

Example

ltCity ZIP=ldquo94608rdquogt Emeryville ltCitygt

Attributes are used to attach additional secondary information to an element

XML Attributes

1048708 XML elements can have attributes in

namevalue pairs as in HTML

1048708 Attributes must always be in quotes

Either single or double quotes are valid

though double quotes are most common

1048708 Attributes are always contained within

the start tag of an element

What is an XML DTD

1048708 DTD stands for Document Type Definition

1048708 DTD is a formal model for defining the role

of each element

1048708 It formally defines the relationship between

the various elements that form the documents

1048708 The purpose of a Document Type Definition is

to define the legal building blocks of an XML

document

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)

XML document types can be specified using a DTDDTD does not constrain data types All values represented as strings in XMLDTD definition syntaxltELEMENT element (subelements-specification) gtltATTLIST element (attributes) gthellip more details laterValid XML documents refer to a DTD (or other

Schema)

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

External Public DTD Declaration

Internal DTD Declaration

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

External DTD Declaration referring to a file or a URL

test = name of the root element

DTD is defined in file testdtd

DTD is defined

inside XML

Application should

know DTD

XML Validation

There are two types of XML documents ldquoWell formedrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to the

syntax of XML is called lsquowell formedrsquo ldquoValidrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to a

DTD Is called a lsquoValidrsquo DTD

What is a well-formed XML document What is a well-formed XML document

Well-formed documents follow basic syntax rules eg there is an XML declaration in the first line there is a single document rootall tags use proper delimitersall elements have start and end tags

But can be minimized if empty ltbrgt instead of ltbrgtltbrgt

all elements are properly nested

ltauthorgt ltfirstnamegtMarkltfirstnamegt

ltlastnamegtTwainltlastnamegt ltauthorgtappropriate use of special characters

XML Validator

Use our XML validator to syntax-check your XML

XML Errors Will Stop YouSyntax-Check Your XMLSyntax-Check an XML FileValidate Your XML Against a DTD

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

XML Syntax Rules

Now lets take a look at some of the important rules of XML syntax

All XML Elements Must Have a Closing Tag

XML Tags are Case Sensitive

ltpgtThis is a paragraphltpgt

ltbr gt

The tag ltLettergt is different from the tag ltlettergt

XML Syntax Rules

XML Elements Must be Properly Nested

XML Documents Must Have a Root Element

ltbgtltigtThis text is bold

and italicltigtltbgt

ltrootgt ltchildgt

ltsubchildgtltsubchildgt ltchildgtltrootgt

XML Elements

An Element is a technical term for a

textual unit viewed as a structural

component Different types of elements are given

different names The names do not express meaning and

meanings are application dependent XML elements are extensible

Authoring XML Elements

An XML element is made up of a start tag an end tag and data in between

Example

ltdirectorgt Matthew Dunn ltdirectorgt

Example of another element with the same value

ltactorgt Matthew Dunn ltactorgt

XML tags are case-sensitive

ltCITYgt ltCitygt ltcitygt

Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)

An attribute is a name-value pair separated by an equal sign (=)

Example

ltCity ZIP=ldquo94608rdquogt Emeryville ltCitygt

Attributes are used to attach additional secondary information to an element

XML Attributes

1048708 XML elements can have attributes in

namevalue pairs as in HTML

1048708 Attributes must always be in quotes

Either single or double quotes are valid

though double quotes are most common

1048708 Attributes are always contained within

the start tag of an element

What is an XML DTD

1048708 DTD stands for Document Type Definition

1048708 DTD is a formal model for defining the role

of each element

1048708 It formally defines the relationship between

the various elements that form the documents

1048708 The purpose of a Document Type Definition is

to define the legal building blocks of an XML

document

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)

XML document types can be specified using a DTDDTD does not constrain data types All values represented as strings in XMLDTD definition syntaxltELEMENT element (subelements-specification) gtltATTLIST element (attributes) gthellip more details laterValid XML documents refer to a DTD (or other

Schema)

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

External Public DTD Declaration

Internal DTD Declaration

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

External DTD Declaration referring to a file or a URL

test = name of the root element

DTD is defined in file testdtd

DTD is defined

inside XML

Application should

know DTD

XML Validation

There are two types of XML documents ldquoWell formedrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to the

syntax of XML is called lsquowell formedrsquo ldquoValidrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to a

DTD Is called a lsquoValidrsquo DTD

What is a well-formed XML document What is a well-formed XML document

Well-formed documents follow basic syntax rules eg there is an XML declaration in the first line there is a single document rootall tags use proper delimitersall elements have start and end tags

But can be minimized if empty ltbrgt instead of ltbrgtltbrgt

all elements are properly nested

ltauthorgt ltfirstnamegtMarkltfirstnamegt

ltlastnamegtTwainltlastnamegt ltauthorgtappropriate use of special characters

XML Validator

Use our XML validator to syntax-check your XML

XML Errors Will Stop YouSyntax-Check Your XMLSyntax-Check an XML FileValidate Your XML Against a DTD

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

XML Syntax Rules

XML Elements Must be Properly Nested

XML Documents Must Have a Root Element

ltbgtltigtThis text is bold

and italicltigtltbgt

ltrootgt ltchildgt

ltsubchildgtltsubchildgt ltchildgtltrootgt

XML Elements

An Element is a technical term for a

textual unit viewed as a structural

component Different types of elements are given

different names The names do not express meaning and

meanings are application dependent XML elements are extensible

Authoring XML Elements

An XML element is made up of a start tag an end tag and data in between

Example

ltdirectorgt Matthew Dunn ltdirectorgt

Example of another element with the same value

ltactorgt Matthew Dunn ltactorgt

XML tags are case-sensitive

ltCITYgt ltCitygt ltcitygt

Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)

An attribute is a name-value pair separated by an equal sign (=)

Example

ltCity ZIP=ldquo94608rdquogt Emeryville ltCitygt

Attributes are used to attach additional secondary information to an element

XML Attributes

1048708 XML elements can have attributes in

namevalue pairs as in HTML

1048708 Attributes must always be in quotes

Either single or double quotes are valid

though double quotes are most common

1048708 Attributes are always contained within

the start tag of an element

What is an XML DTD

1048708 DTD stands for Document Type Definition

1048708 DTD is a formal model for defining the role

of each element

1048708 It formally defines the relationship between

the various elements that form the documents

1048708 The purpose of a Document Type Definition is

to define the legal building blocks of an XML

document

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)

XML document types can be specified using a DTDDTD does not constrain data types All values represented as strings in XMLDTD definition syntaxltELEMENT element (subelements-specification) gtltATTLIST element (attributes) gthellip more details laterValid XML documents refer to a DTD (or other

Schema)

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

External Public DTD Declaration

Internal DTD Declaration

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

External DTD Declaration referring to a file or a URL

test = name of the root element

DTD is defined in file testdtd

DTD is defined

inside XML

Application should

know DTD

XML Validation

There are two types of XML documents ldquoWell formedrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to the

syntax of XML is called lsquowell formedrsquo ldquoValidrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to a

DTD Is called a lsquoValidrsquo DTD

What is a well-formed XML document What is a well-formed XML document

Well-formed documents follow basic syntax rules eg there is an XML declaration in the first line there is a single document rootall tags use proper delimitersall elements have start and end tags

But can be minimized if empty ltbrgt instead of ltbrgtltbrgt

all elements are properly nested

ltauthorgt ltfirstnamegtMarkltfirstnamegt

ltlastnamegtTwainltlastnamegt ltauthorgtappropriate use of special characters

XML Validator

Use our XML validator to syntax-check your XML

XML Errors Will Stop YouSyntax-Check Your XMLSyntax-Check an XML FileValidate Your XML Against a DTD

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

XML Elements

An Element is a technical term for a

textual unit viewed as a structural

component Different types of elements are given

different names The names do not express meaning and

meanings are application dependent XML elements are extensible

Authoring XML Elements

An XML element is made up of a start tag an end tag and data in between

Example

ltdirectorgt Matthew Dunn ltdirectorgt

Example of another element with the same value

ltactorgt Matthew Dunn ltactorgt

XML tags are case-sensitive

ltCITYgt ltCitygt ltcitygt

Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)

An attribute is a name-value pair separated by an equal sign (=)

Example

ltCity ZIP=ldquo94608rdquogt Emeryville ltCitygt

Attributes are used to attach additional secondary information to an element

XML Attributes

1048708 XML elements can have attributes in

namevalue pairs as in HTML

1048708 Attributes must always be in quotes

Either single or double quotes are valid

though double quotes are most common

1048708 Attributes are always contained within

the start tag of an element

What is an XML DTD

1048708 DTD stands for Document Type Definition

1048708 DTD is a formal model for defining the role

of each element

1048708 It formally defines the relationship between

the various elements that form the documents

1048708 The purpose of a Document Type Definition is

to define the legal building blocks of an XML

document

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)

XML document types can be specified using a DTDDTD does not constrain data types All values represented as strings in XMLDTD definition syntaxltELEMENT element (subelements-specification) gtltATTLIST element (attributes) gthellip more details laterValid XML documents refer to a DTD (or other

Schema)

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

External Public DTD Declaration

Internal DTD Declaration

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

External DTD Declaration referring to a file or a URL

test = name of the root element

DTD is defined in file testdtd

DTD is defined

inside XML

Application should

know DTD

XML Validation

There are two types of XML documents ldquoWell formedrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to the

syntax of XML is called lsquowell formedrsquo ldquoValidrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to a

DTD Is called a lsquoValidrsquo DTD

What is a well-formed XML document What is a well-formed XML document

Well-formed documents follow basic syntax rules eg there is an XML declaration in the first line there is a single document rootall tags use proper delimitersall elements have start and end tags

But can be minimized if empty ltbrgt instead of ltbrgtltbrgt

all elements are properly nested

ltauthorgt ltfirstnamegtMarkltfirstnamegt

ltlastnamegtTwainltlastnamegt ltauthorgtappropriate use of special characters

XML Validator

Use our XML validator to syntax-check your XML

XML Errors Will Stop YouSyntax-Check Your XMLSyntax-Check an XML FileValidate Your XML Against a DTD

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

Authoring XML Elements

An XML element is made up of a start tag an end tag and data in between

Example

ltdirectorgt Matthew Dunn ltdirectorgt

Example of another element with the same value

ltactorgt Matthew Dunn ltactorgt

XML tags are case-sensitive

ltCITYgt ltCitygt ltcitygt

Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)

An attribute is a name-value pair separated by an equal sign (=)

Example

ltCity ZIP=ldquo94608rdquogt Emeryville ltCitygt

Attributes are used to attach additional secondary information to an element

XML Attributes

1048708 XML elements can have attributes in

namevalue pairs as in HTML

1048708 Attributes must always be in quotes

Either single or double quotes are valid

though double quotes are most common

1048708 Attributes are always contained within

the start tag of an element

What is an XML DTD

1048708 DTD stands for Document Type Definition

1048708 DTD is a formal model for defining the role

of each element

1048708 It formally defines the relationship between

the various elements that form the documents

1048708 The purpose of a Document Type Definition is

to define the legal building blocks of an XML

document

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)

XML document types can be specified using a DTDDTD does not constrain data types All values represented as strings in XMLDTD definition syntaxltELEMENT element (subelements-specification) gtltATTLIST element (attributes) gthellip more details laterValid XML documents refer to a DTD (or other

Schema)

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

External Public DTD Declaration

Internal DTD Declaration

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

External DTD Declaration referring to a file or a URL

test = name of the root element

DTD is defined in file testdtd

DTD is defined

inside XML

Application should

know DTD

XML Validation

There are two types of XML documents ldquoWell formedrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to the

syntax of XML is called lsquowell formedrsquo ldquoValidrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to a

DTD Is called a lsquoValidrsquo DTD

What is a well-formed XML document What is a well-formed XML document

Well-formed documents follow basic syntax rules eg there is an XML declaration in the first line there is a single document rootall tags use proper delimitersall elements have start and end tags

But can be minimized if empty ltbrgt instead of ltbrgtltbrgt

all elements are properly nested

ltauthorgt ltfirstnamegtMarkltfirstnamegt

ltlastnamegtTwainltlastnamegt ltauthorgtappropriate use of special characters

XML Validator

Use our XML validator to syntax-check your XML

XML Errors Will Stop YouSyntax-Check Your XMLSyntax-Check an XML FileValidate Your XML Against a DTD

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)

An attribute is a name-value pair separated by an equal sign (=)

Example

ltCity ZIP=ldquo94608rdquogt Emeryville ltCitygt

Attributes are used to attach additional secondary information to an element

XML Attributes

1048708 XML elements can have attributes in

namevalue pairs as in HTML

1048708 Attributes must always be in quotes

Either single or double quotes are valid

though double quotes are most common

1048708 Attributes are always contained within

the start tag of an element

What is an XML DTD

1048708 DTD stands for Document Type Definition

1048708 DTD is a formal model for defining the role

of each element

1048708 It formally defines the relationship between

the various elements that form the documents

1048708 The purpose of a Document Type Definition is

to define the legal building blocks of an XML

document

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)

XML document types can be specified using a DTDDTD does not constrain data types All values represented as strings in XMLDTD definition syntaxltELEMENT element (subelements-specification) gtltATTLIST element (attributes) gthellip more details laterValid XML documents refer to a DTD (or other

Schema)

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

External Public DTD Declaration

Internal DTD Declaration

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

External DTD Declaration referring to a file or a URL

test = name of the root element

DTD is defined in file testdtd

DTD is defined

inside XML

Application should

know DTD

XML Validation

There are two types of XML documents ldquoWell formedrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to the

syntax of XML is called lsquowell formedrsquo ldquoValidrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to a

DTD Is called a lsquoValidrsquo DTD

What is a well-formed XML document What is a well-formed XML document

Well-formed documents follow basic syntax rules eg there is an XML declaration in the first line there is a single document rootall tags use proper delimitersall elements have start and end tags

But can be minimized if empty ltbrgt instead of ltbrgtltbrgt

all elements are properly nested

ltauthorgt ltfirstnamegtMarkltfirstnamegt

ltlastnamegtTwainltlastnamegt ltauthorgtappropriate use of special characters

XML Validator

Use our XML validator to syntax-check your XML

XML Errors Will Stop YouSyntax-Check Your XMLSyntax-Check an XML FileValidate Your XML Against a DTD

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

XML Attributes

1048708 XML elements can have attributes in

namevalue pairs as in HTML

1048708 Attributes must always be in quotes

Either single or double quotes are valid

though double quotes are most common

1048708 Attributes are always contained within

the start tag of an element

What is an XML DTD

1048708 DTD stands for Document Type Definition

1048708 DTD is a formal model for defining the role

of each element

1048708 It formally defines the relationship between

the various elements that form the documents

1048708 The purpose of a Document Type Definition is

to define the legal building blocks of an XML

document

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)

XML document types can be specified using a DTDDTD does not constrain data types All values represented as strings in XMLDTD definition syntaxltELEMENT element (subelements-specification) gtltATTLIST element (attributes) gthellip more details laterValid XML documents refer to a DTD (or other

Schema)

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

External Public DTD Declaration

Internal DTD Declaration

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

External DTD Declaration referring to a file or a URL

test = name of the root element

DTD is defined in file testdtd

DTD is defined

inside XML

Application should

know DTD

XML Validation

There are two types of XML documents ldquoWell formedrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to the

syntax of XML is called lsquowell formedrsquo ldquoValidrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to a

DTD Is called a lsquoValidrsquo DTD

What is a well-formed XML document What is a well-formed XML document

Well-formed documents follow basic syntax rules eg there is an XML declaration in the first line there is a single document rootall tags use proper delimitersall elements have start and end tags

But can be minimized if empty ltbrgt instead of ltbrgtltbrgt

all elements are properly nested

ltauthorgt ltfirstnamegtMarkltfirstnamegt

ltlastnamegtTwainltlastnamegt ltauthorgtappropriate use of special characters

XML Validator

Use our XML validator to syntax-check your XML

XML Errors Will Stop YouSyntax-Check Your XMLSyntax-Check an XML FileValidate Your XML Against a DTD

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

What is an XML DTD

1048708 DTD stands for Document Type Definition

1048708 DTD is a formal model for defining the role

of each element

1048708 It formally defines the relationship between

the various elements that form the documents

1048708 The purpose of a Document Type Definition is

to define the legal building blocks of an XML

document

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)

XML document types can be specified using a DTDDTD does not constrain data types All values represented as strings in XMLDTD definition syntaxltELEMENT element (subelements-specification) gtltATTLIST element (attributes) gthellip more details laterValid XML documents refer to a DTD (or other

Schema)

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

External Public DTD Declaration

Internal DTD Declaration

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

External DTD Declaration referring to a file or a URL

test = name of the root element

DTD is defined in file testdtd

DTD is defined

inside XML

Application should

know DTD

XML Validation

There are two types of XML documents ldquoWell formedrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to the

syntax of XML is called lsquowell formedrsquo ldquoValidrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to a

DTD Is called a lsquoValidrsquo DTD

What is a well-formed XML document What is a well-formed XML document

Well-formed documents follow basic syntax rules eg there is an XML declaration in the first line there is a single document rootall tags use proper delimitersall elements have start and end tags

But can be minimized if empty ltbrgt instead of ltbrgtltbrgt

all elements are properly nested

ltauthorgt ltfirstnamegtMarkltfirstnamegt

ltlastnamegtTwainltlastnamegt ltauthorgtappropriate use of special characters

XML Validator

Use our XML validator to syntax-check your XML

XML Errors Will Stop YouSyntax-Check Your XMLSyntax-Check an XML FileValidate Your XML Against a DTD

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 1)

XML document types can be specified using a DTDDTD does not constrain data types All values represented as strings in XMLDTD definition syntaxltELEMENT element (subelements-specification) gtltATTLIST element (attributes) gthellip more details laterValid XML documents refer to a DTD (or other

Schema)

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

External Public DTD Declaration

Internal DTD Declaration

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

External DTD Declaration referring to a file or a URL

test = name of the root element

DTD is defined in file testdtd

DTD is defined

inside XML

Application should

know DTD

XML Validation

There are two types of XML documents ldquoWell formedrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to the

syntax of XML is called lsquowell formedrsquo ldquoValidrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to a

DTD Is called a lsquoValidrsquo DTD

What is a well-formed XML document What is a well-formed XML document

Well-formed documents follow basic syntax rules eg there is an XML declaration in the first line there is a single document rootall tags use proper delimitersall elements have start and end tags

But can be minimized if empty ltbrgt instead of ltbrgtltbrgt

all elements are properly nested

ltauthorgt ltfirstnamegtMarkltfirstnamegt

ltlastnamegtTwainltlastnamegt ltauthorgtappropriate use of special characters

XML Validator

Use our XML validator to syntax-check your XML

XML Errors Will Stop YouSyntax-Check Your XMLSyntax-Check an XML FileValidate Your XML Against a DTD

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)Document Type Definitions (DTDs 2)

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test PUBLIC -WebsterDTD test V10ENlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

ltDOCTYPE test [

ltELEMENT test EMPTYgt ]gtlttestgt

External Public DTD Declaration

Internal DTD Declaration

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

ltxml version=10 encoding=ISO-8859-1gt ltDOCTYPE test SYSTEM testdtdgtlttestgt test is a document element lttestgt

External DTD Declaration referring to a file or a URL

test = name of the root element

DTD is defined in file testdtd

DTD is defined

inside XML

Application should

know DTD

XML Validation

There are two types of XML documents ldquoWell formedrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to the

syntax of XML is called lsquowell formedrsquo ldquoValidrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to a

DTD Is called a lsquoValidrsquo DTD

What is a well-formed XML document What is a well-formed XML document

Well-formed documents follow basic syntax rules eg there is an XML declaration in the first line there is a single document rootall tags use proper delimitersall elements have start and end tags

But can be minimized if empty ltbrgt instead of ltbrgtltbrgt

all elements are properly nested

ltauthorgt ltfirstnamegtMarkltfirstnamegt

ltlastnamegtTwainltlastnamegt ltauthorgtappropriate use of special characters

XML Validator

Use our XML validator to syntax-check your XML

XML Errors Will Stop YouSyntax-Check Your XMLSyntax-Check an XML FileValidate Your XML Against a DTD

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

XML Validation

There are two types of XML documents ldquoWell formedrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to the

syntax of XML is called lsquowell formedrsquo ldquoValidrdquo XML An XML document that conforms to a

DTD Is called a lsquoValidrsquo DTD

What is a well-formed XML document What is a well-formed XML document

Well-formed documents follow basic syntax rules eg there is an XML declaration in the first line there is a single document rootall tags use proper delimitersall elements have start and end tags

But can be minimized if empty ltbrgt instead of ltbrgtltbrgt

all elements are properly nested

ltauthorgt ltfirstnamegtMarkltfirstnamegt

ltlastnamegtTwainltlastnamegt ltauthorgtappropriate use of special characters

XML Validator

Use our XML validator to syntax-check your XML

XML Errors Will Stop YouSyntax-Check Your XMLSyntax-Check an XML FileValidate Your XML Against a DTD

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

What is a well-formed XML document What is a well-formed XML document

Well-formed documents follow basic syntax rules eg there is an XML declaration in the first line there is a single document rootall tags use proper delimitersall elements have start and end tags

But can be minimized if empty ltbrgt instead of ltbrgtltbrgt

all elements are properly nested

ltauthorgt ltfirstnamegtMarkltfirstnamegt

ltlastnamegtTwainltlastnamegt ltauthorgtappropriate use of special characters

XML Validator

Use our XML validator to syntax-check your XML

XML Errors Will Stop YouSyntax-Check Your XMLSyntax-Check an XML FileValidate Your XML Against a DTD

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

XML Validator

Use our XML validator to syntax-check your XML

XML Errors Will Stop YouSyntax-Check Your XMLSyntax-Check an XML FileValidate Your XML Against a DTD

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

Viewing XML Files

Raw XML files can be viewed in all major browsers

Dont expect XML files to be displayed as HTML pages

Viewing XML Files

Viewing an Invalid XML File

Look at this XML file notexml

Look at this XML file

note_errorxml

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

XML applications

1048708 B2B1048708 EDI1048708 Journal publishing1048708 Database development

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

XML future

Given the direction in which it is growing and the level of

support thatXML has received the XML appears

to be thefuture of Web publishing

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24

SummarSummarYY

XML has a wide range of applicationsXML is just a formalism (meta-language) unlike HTMLThe W3C framework includes

General purpose (accessory transducing ) languages such as XML Schema XSLT XPath XQuery Xlink RDF hellip

Useful languages for contents (vector graphics multimedia animation formulas

Other organizationsDefine domain-specific vocabulariesDefine alternative XML-based general purpose languages

XML is mostly used ldquobehind the scenerdquo but increasingly directly for web contents (via XSLT mostly)

• PowerPoint Presentation
• Slide 2
• Slide 3
• Introduction of XML
• What do mark up languages do
• Features of XML
• ADVANTAGES OF XML
• How is XML different from HTML
• XML Syntax Rules
• Slide 10
• XML Elements
• Authoring XML Elements
• Authoring XML Attribute (contrsquod)
• XML Attributes
• What is an XML DTD
• Slide 16
• Slide 17
• XML Validation
• Slide 19
• XML Validator
• Viewing XML Files
• XML applications
• XML future
• Slide 24