intro to drinking waterintro to drinking water washington state department of health wa state doh |...
TRANSCRIPT
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We work with others to protect the health of the people of
Washington State by ensuring safe and reliable drinking water.
INTRO TO DRINKING WATER
Washington State Department of Health
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WA State DOH | 2
Applicability
Surface water – “a body of water
open to the atmosphere and subject to surface runoff”o Excludes seawater sources, but not
estuaries
Ground water under the direct influence of surface water (GWI)
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WA State DOH | 3
Federal Surface Water Rules
SWTR (1989)
IESWTR (1998)
FBRR (2001)
LT1ESWTR (2002)
LT2ESWTR (2006)
Milwaukee Crypto Outbreak (1993) – over 400,000 people sick
SWTR - Surface Water Treatment RuleIESWTR - Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment RuleFBRR - Filter Backwash Recycling RuleLT1ESWTR - Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment RuleLT2ESWTR - Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
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WA State DOH | 4
Target Organisms
Giardia lamblia
Viruses
Legionella, and
Heterotrophic Bacteria
Cryptosporidium – IESWTR, LT1ESWTR, and LT2ESWTR
Others??
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WA State DOH | 5
Treatment requirments
Giardia and Virus removal + inactivation =o At least 99.9% (3 Log) Giardia cysts
o At least 99.99% (4 Log) Viruses
At least 99% (2 Log) Cryptosporidium oocysts
Treatment Technique Requirementso Disinfect
o Filter or meet avoidance criteria
Qualified Operators
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WA State DOH | 6
Turbidity
What is it and why do we measure it?
• A measurement of the cloudiness caused by particulate matter.
• Measured in Nephlometric Turbidity Units (NTUs) (USEPA Method 180.1)
• Monitoring is used to:
■-Show how efficiently the filtration system is working (rapid rate)
■-Ensure levels won’t interfere with disinfection
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WA State DOH | 7
Surface Water Treatment
Every treatment plant has a limit of turbidity it can
treat
Bag filters: less than 5NTU
Slow sand: 10 NTU with
roughing filter
Diatomaceous Earth: 20 NTU
Rapid rate: 30 NTU
Membranes: 80 to 100 NTU
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Bag/Cartridge Filters
From National Drinking Water Clearinghouse Fact Sheet: “Filtration”
Source: Camp Lutherwood Sanitary Survey
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Slow Sand
From National Drinking Water Clearinghouse Fact Sheet: “Slow Sand Filtration”
First used in the U.S. in 1872, slow sand filters are the oldest municipal water filtration technologyDepends on biological and physical filtration
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WA State DOH | 10
DE Filtration
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WA State DOH | 11
Rapid Rate
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WA State DOH | 12
Drinking Water―Watersheds
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WA State DOH | 13
Ownership
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Corina Hayes
Source Water Protection Program Manager
Washington State Department of Health
(360)-236-3114
Contact Information
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Questions?