The Process of Public Speaking

Intro to Communications Chapter 2

Communications Basics

Process of creating understanding through the exchange of messages Ex. Talking is not communication unless

the other person understands what you are saying

Seldom perfect – room for constant improvement

Class will teach you strategies to improve your ability to communicate effectively

Communications Is A Process

It is an ongoing activity – no real beginning or end Starts before you ever speak Continues after you finish – audience

analysis Involves feedback from audience – often

non-verbal – frowns, smiles, nodding etc Affects others and is affected by others Complex Process

Effective Communication?

Elements of Communication

Communication Model Sender – Person who has message to

communicate Receiver – Person to whom the message

is intended, could be one or many Message – Idea the sender wants the

receiver to understand – THIS IS CRUCIAL!!

Feedback – Verbal or non-verbal response to message

Basic Communications Model

Verbal and Non-verbal Communication

Verbal – Any Communication, spoken or written, that uses words (any language)

Non-verbal – Does not use words. Facial expressions, gestures, vocal inflection, head movement, laughter, or even silence.

Identify what is being communicated

Examples of non-verbal…

More elements of Communication

Context – physical, social, psychological, and time elements which communications takes place in The Physical Place - indoors or outdoors, individual

or group setting The Social Aspect – relationship between people

involved, familiar or stranger, shared experiences, age

Psychological – attitudes or behaviors of people involved, hostile or friendly, formal or casual, common goals?

Time – Actual time, point in relationship or stage of relationship, morning or evening

Cont’d ….

Channel – The means of communication, could be verbal or non-verbal

Interference – Anything that prevents effective communication. Can occur at any point in the process. Can be caused by sender or receiver – lack of

attention, fail to speak clearly Outside factors – failure of sound system, time

of day affects interest level Channel Distortion - aids are too small, visual

impediments

Complete Model of Communications

Public Speaking Process

Intrapersonal – Most basic level occurs within yourself Thinking. Key level for speech preparation Must be honest with yourself

Public Speaking Process cont’d

Interpersonal- Communication between people Can be formal or informal More complex because it involves

multiple people

Public Speaking Process cont’d

Small Group Communication Interaction between 4-12 individuals Often used for problem-solving sessions Working on group assignments

Public Speaking Process cont’d

Public Speaking One person communicating with many Continuous presentation in a face-to-

face setting Most feedback from audience is non-

verbal as the setting is to large for individual contact between all members

Delayed feedback in the form of questions and answers at the end of the discussion

Public Speaking Process cont’d

Mass Communications Electronic or print technologies TV, radio, internet, social media,

newspapers, online journals or magazines

State of the Union addresses Public speaking for person delivering the

message

Public Speaking Process cont’d

Public Speaking Model

Feedback Loops – Pre-speech – incorporates intrapersonal

communications and relies heavily on perceptions

Presentation – involves interpersonal and public speaking levels, and the speaker and audience react, sending feedback to one another

Post Speech – interpersonal or small group feedback, and intrapersonal communication▪ Think about speech▪ Talk about and discuss speech▪ Analyze success and failures of speech

EncoderDecoder

Meaning

Encoder

Sending Channel

Decoder

Meaning

Feedback Channel

Noise

Noise

Context

Context

Context

Context