intro to classification - ms houghton's science site ne… · · 2012-02-05unit 1 diversity...
TRANSCRIPT
Why is it important?
for the health of the ___________
the ________________ the ecosystem, the greater its _________
Why does increased diversity increase the stability of an ecosystem?
_______________________________________
e.g. there are 30 million species of insects alone
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To understand the diversity of living things we classify organisms!
Think About It:
What is classification?
Why do we classify in things?
Why do we classify things in science?
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Why do we need a classification system?
To help group things in an ___________ way
Provides specific details to help ____________organisms and represent the relationships between organisms
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is the science of classifying living things.
Two main purposes:
To help ___________ ______________
To represent __________ between organisms
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_____________ proposed that all living organisms could be arranged in hierarchical order.
Simple organism at the bottom (e.g. sponges) and advanced organisms at the top (e.g. humans).
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________ ________ (1701-1778):
System based on physical and
structural features
He believed that the more features that
are common between two organism,
the closer they are related
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based on __________ of groups
(called _______ – plural or ________ – singular)
◦ __________ largest / most general taxa
◦ Species smallest taxa
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Domains or Superkingdoms
◦ __________, and
◦ Prokaryotes (Monera)
◦ (_________)
◦ http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookDiversity_2.html
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7 Levels (or Taxa) of Classification Kingdom
Phylum
Class ______
Family
Genus Species
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Characteristics become more similar as you _____ ______. The smaller the taxon, the more similar the organisms are within it.
Early classification divided living organisms into two groups: KINGDOMS: ________ vs. Animalia
the microscope revealed more organisms which were neither plants or animals new kingdom was needed: KINGDOM: ___________
More problems arose Fungi were “plant like” but they did not photosynthesize another kingdom was added:
KINGDOM: Fungi and then KINGDOM: ___________
In 1990’s a new kingdom of specific bacteria in extreme environments was added KINGDOM: ______________
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Used for naming organisms by ______ names referred to as the scientific name.
Scientific Names:
originate from Latin or Greek words
based on a _______________ (e.g. colour,
habitat)
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_________ – First part of the name.
refers to a group of organisms that are closely related and have similar characteristics.
__________ – Second part of the name.
refers to a group of organisms that look alike and can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring.
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Ursus horribilis – grizzly bear
Ursus americanus – black bear (North American) Ursus maritimus – polar bear
Ursus arctos – brown bear (Alaskan)
Phascolarctos cinereus – koala bear Ailluropoda melanoleuca – panda bear
Scientific name can also be written as the first
letter of the genus followed by the species (e.g. U. horribilis, E. coli)
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