intro to cell

8/12/2019 Intro to Cell

1/35

A View of the Cell

Free powerpoints at http://www.worldofteaching.com
http://www.worldofteaching.com/http://www.worldofteaching.com/


2/35


3/35

Smallest unit of life.

Smallest collection of matter that can live. What is life? Hard to answer...

Order

Reproduction (sexual/asexual) Growth and development

Energy utilization (metabolism)

Response to environment

Homeostasis Evolutionary adaptation
http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~nhi708/treasure/venus/http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~nhi708/treasure/venus/


4/35

The History of the Cell

The Cell

The basic unit of an organismDiscovery made possible bythe invention of the

microscope


5/35


6/35

Microscopes and Cells

Robert Hooke, 1665 used thefirst compound microscope toview thinly sliced cork cells.

Compound scopesuse a series of lenses

to magnify in steps.Hooke was the firstto use the termcell.


7/35

Microscopes and Cells

1830s.Mathias Schleiden identifiedthe first plant cells and

concluded that all plantsmade of cells.

- Thomas Schwannmade the sameconclusion aboutanimal cells.


8/35


9/35

Eukaryotic Cell

Higher organisms (mammals, vertebrates, etc.)

Human

Mouse

Drosophilia melanogaster (Fruit fly)

Prokaryotic Cell

Bacteria and Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) Escherichia Coli(E. Coli)

Pyrococcus furious(P. furious)

Two Types of Cell
http://www-class.unl.edu/bios201a/spring97/group6/http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/bactcell.htmhttp://www.cellsalive.com/cells/bactcell.htmhttp://www.cellsalive.com/cells/bactcell.htmhttp://www-class.unl.edu/bios201a/spring97/group6/


10/35

Two Basic Cell Types

1) Prokaryote

Lacks internalcompartments.

No true nucleus.

Most are single-celled(unicellular)organisms.


11/35

Two Basic Cell Types

2) EukaryoteHas several internalstructures (organelles).

True nucleus.Either unicellular ormulticellular.

unicellular example: yeastmulticellular examples:

plants and animals


12/35

The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell

1) Boundaries

A)Plasma Membrane

-- Serves as a boundarybetween the cell and itsexternal environment.

-- Allows materials topass in and out of thecell.


13/35

Encapsulates all functional components ofthe cell and the Cytoplasm.

Insulates and isolates cell internals fromexternal elements.

Composed of lipid bilayer.

Water insoluble. Contains embedded trans-membrane

proteins.

Surface Carbohydrates as markers.

Cell Membrane (Bilayer)
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/plasmamembrane.htmlhttp://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/plasmamembrane.htmlhttp://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/plasmamembrane.htmlhttp://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/plasmamembrane.html


14/35


15/35

The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell:

2) Controls

A) Nucleus

Regulates cell function.

Surrounded by a double-

layered membrane (nuclearenveloped) with large poresthat allow materials to pass

in and out of the nucleus.Contains chromatin longtangles of DNA.


16/35

2) Controls

B) Nucleolus

Found in the

nucleus andresponsible forribosome

production.Ribosomes are thesites of protein

production.


17/35


3)Assembly

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like

material thatsurrounds theorganelles.


18/35


4)Transport

A) Endoplasmic reticulum

Folded membrane that actsas the cells delivery system.

Smooth E.R. contains

enzymes for lipid synthesis.Rough E.R. is studded withribosomes for protein

synthesis.


19/35

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Organelle consisting of network of fluid-

filled tubules and flattened sacs.

Synthesis of proteins and lipids for

formation of new cell membrane and

other cellular components.

Manufactures products of secretion.

Rough or smooth types.
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/endoplasmicreticulum.htmlhttp://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/endoplasmicreticulum.html


20/35

Ribosome

Protein synthesis machinery.

Free floating in cytoplasm.

Bound to rough-Endoplasmic Reticulum

(RER) in Eukaryotes.

Consists of multiple subunits composed of

RNA-protein complexes.
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/ribosomes.htmlhttp://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/ribosomes.html


21/35

4)Transport

B)Golgi apparatus (orGolgi body)

A series of flattened sacswhere newly made lipids

and proteins from the E.R.are repackaged andshipped to the plasma

membrane.


22/35


23/35


5) Storage

A) Vacuoles

A sac of fluidsurrounded by amembrane used to store

food, fluid, or wasteproducts.


24/35

5) Storage

B) LysosomesContain a digestiveenzyme.

Can fuse with vacuoles todigest food, or can digestworn cell parts.

Also known as suicidalbag because they can alsodestroy the whole cell.


25/35

Lysosome:

The main function of these

microbodies is digestion.

Lysosomes break down cellular

waste products and debris from

outside the cell into simple

compounds, which are transferred

to the cytoplasm as new cell-

building materials.

Peroxisomes:

Peroxisomes function to rid thecell of toxic substances, in

particular, hydrogen peroxide
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/lysosomes.htmlhttp://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/peroxisome.htmlhttp://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/peroxisome.htmlhttp://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/animals/lysosomes.html


26/35


6) Energy TransformersMitochondria

Produce the energy

for the cell.Also known as thepowerhouse of thecell.

Has a highly foldedinner membrane(cristae).


27/35

6) Energy TransformersB) Chloroplasts

-- Found in plant cellsand some protists.

-- Transforms lightenergy into chemicalenergy which is storedin food molecules.

-- Contain chlorophyll

a greenpigment thattraps light energy andgives plants their greencolor.


28/35


7) Support

Cytoskeleton

A network of thin, fibrous

materials that act as a scaffoldand support the organelles.

Microtubules hollow filamentsof protein.

Microfilaments solid filaments

of protein.


29/35


30/35

8) Locomotion

B) Flagella

Longer, less numerousprojections from theplasma membrane.

Move with a whiplikeaction.


31/35

The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell:9) Cell Division

Centrioles

made of protein.

play a role in the splitting ofthe cell into two cells.

found in animal and fungi cells.


32/35

The Parts of The Eukaryotic Cell:9) Cell Division

Centrioles

made of protein.

play a role in the splitting ofthe cell into two cells.

found in animal and fungi cells.


33/35


34/35


35/35

Composite Animal Cell

intro to cell

Documents