interwaste (pty) ltd regional ground- and surface …

INTERWASTE (PTY) LTD

REGIONAL GROUND- AND SURFACE WATER STUDY (HYDROCENSUS)

FOR THE AREA SURROUNDING THE INTERWASTE FG LANDFILL

OLIFANTSFONTEIN, GAUTENG

WML. NO. GAUT: 002/10-11/W0030

AMENDMENT REF. NO. GAUT: 006/12-13/W0003

JANUARY 2017

Prepared for:

Interwaste (Pty) Ltd

P.O. Box 382

Germiston

1400

P160835 - FG Waste Disposal Site Hydrocensus


January 2017 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 2

2. TERMS OF REFERENCE ....................................................................................................... 2

3. DETAILS OF THE GROUNDWATER SPECIALIST .................................................................. 2

4. SUMMARY OF THE MAIN FINDINGS OF THE HYDROCENSUS STUDY ................................... 2

5. RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................................... 5

TABLES

Table 1: Summary of the findings from the hydrocensus ..................................................................... 3

APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Groundwater Specialist Study compiled by Future Flow Groundwater and Project

Management



January 2017 2

1. INTRODUCTION

Interwaste (Pty) Ltd appointed Prime Resources (Pty) Ltd to undertake a groundwater study of the area

surrounding the Interwaste FG Waste Disposal Site, with the aim of determining any impacts to the

surrounding groundwater system and thereby providing information requested by the Department of

Environmental Affairs (DEA). The study entailed a hydrocensus which was conducted within a 1.5 km

radius around the FG Waste Disposal Site in order to investigate the quality, volumes and usage of

groundwater resources.

The FG Waste Disposal Site is a large-sized landfill facility owned and operated by Interwaste. The site

is located on Portion 15 of the Farm Olifanstfontein 410 JR in Olifanstfontein, Gauteng at 28° 11” 04’

longitude and 25° 57” 35’ latitude and is approximately 90 ha in extent. The areas surrounding the site

comprise mixed agricultural-, developed, residential and undeveloped land.

The FG Waste Disposal Site is operated in terms of a Waste Management Licence (to operate as a class

G:L:B+ Landfill Site) in terms of the National Environmental Management: Waste Act, No. 59 of 2008

(NEM:WA), Waste Management Licence Registration No: Gaut: 002/10-11/W0030 and the addendum

thereto (No: Gaut: 006/12-13/W0003).

2. TERMS OF REFERENCE

• Conduct a hydrocensus (1.5 km radius around the site), including sample analysis of Arsenic,

Strontium, Selenium, Thallium, Mercury and Chromium (III) and (VI);

• Analyse samples taken from surrounding landowner’s properties that do not have access to

municipal water supply in terms of SANS 241; and

• Compile a groundwater remedial implementation plan if required.

3. DETAILS OF THE GROUNDWATER SPECIALIST

Future Flow Groundwater and Project Management was appointed by Prime Resources to conduct the

hydrocensus. The hydrocensus was conducted in November 2016 and the findings are attached as

Appendix 1. The following summary was obtained from this study.

4. SUMMARY OF THE MAIN FINDINGS OF THE HYDROCENSUS STUDY

A total of 19 privately owned boreholes were located within the 1.5 km radius around the site, of which

18 boreholes were sampled. It was found that only one of the hydrocensus points uses municipal water

(FG 7), while one borehole (FG4a) was not suitably equipped for sampling purposes and thus a sample

was taken instead at the same location from an alternate borehole (FG4). Four of the boreholes (FG1,

FG2, FG9, and FG13) were not accessible with a dipmeter and therefore the depth to groundwater level

in the boreholes could not be measured in these four boreholes.

A total of 3 surface water samples, from dams also located within 1.5 km of the site, were also collected

for analysis. See Table 1 below for a summary of the hydrocensus results.



January 2017 3

Table 1: Summary of the findings from the hydrocensus

Name Owner Details Water use Access to municipal

or borehole water Volume

Water Level

(mbgl)

FG 1 Willie Strydom Household and garden

Borehole - NA

FG 2 Borehole - NA

FG 3 Jennifer Sarkis Household, drinking and

garden

Borehole 14.85

FG 4 Warren Thomas Borehole 1 000 L / 3 days 16.60

FG 4a Warren Thomas Not equipped Borehole - 17.50

FG 6 Steven Pretorius Household and garden Borehole 5 000 L / day 12.68

FG 7 Selwyn Segal Kibutz Factory Shop Municipal Pump broken 27.93

FG 8 SA Earthworks Garden and office Borehole 5 000 L / week 40.58

FG 9 Mr Polutre Household and garden Borehole 5 000 L / week NA

FG 10 Bvelela Engineering Garden Borehole 2 000 L / week 28.35

FG 11 Carl Krog Household and garden

Borehole 5 000 L / week 22.49

FG 12 Fitzpatrick Borehole 5 000 L / week 37.15

FG 13 Shaun Bessit Household and livestock Borehole 10 000 L / week NA

FG 14 Necoleen Jones

Household and garden

Borehole 5 000 L / week 34.55

FG 15 Ndzawo

Guesthouse Borehole 20 000 L / week 35.2

FG 16 Guesthouse Borehole 5 000 L / week 39.75

FG 17 Helen Bowrin Guesthouse and garden Borehole 7 500 L / day 35.7

FG 18 Flow Drain

Company Drinking and garden Borehole 2 500 L / week 34.7

FG 19 Mr Moehrke Household and garden Borehole 10 000 L / day 37

Dam 1 Surface dam - -



The main uses of the water from the surrounding boreholes include:

• Household use;

• Use in gardens;

• Drinking; and

• Use for watering livestock.

Since the surrounding landowners largely rely on borehole water and do not have access to municipal

water supply (18 of the sites sampled), the borehole water quality analysis included Arsenic, Strontium,

Selenium, Thallium, Mercury and Chromium (III) and (VI) as well as SANS241. The location of the

boreholes and dams sampled as well as the main water uses of the boreholes are shown in Figure 1

below.



January 2017 4

Figure 1: Boreholes sampled for the hydrocensus and the main water uses of these boreholes



January 2017 5

It was found that the hydrocensus borehole groundwater qualities are generally good, with 13 of 18

boreholes complying wholly with the SANS241:2015 drinking water guidelines:

o Borehole FG10 has a zinc concentration that exceeds the guideline value;

o Borehole FG18 has a nitrate concentration of 25 mg/L which exceeds the guideline value.

o FG18 and Dam1 show the presence of E.Coli;

o FG6, FG11, FG12, FG18, Dam1, Dam2, and Dam3 show the presence of total coliform.

Generally, the groundwater chemistry noted for the surrounding, privately-owned hydrocensus

boreholes is good and there is no evidence of impacts thereto from the FG Waste Disposal Site.

5. RECOMMENDATIONS

The results of the study indicate that there is no evidence of impacts from the FG Waste Disposal Site on

the privately-owned boreholes on the surrounding properties.

It is, however, recommended that selected privately owned boreholes be included as part of the FG

Waste Disposal Site bi-annual groundwater monitoring program, which should be continued at the same

frequency and for the same parameters. Since the greatest risk to groundwater quality is considered to

be down-gradient of the site, in a northerly direction, the following boreholes should therefore be

included into the existing monitoring program:

• FG3: Owned by Mrs Jennifer Sarkis; and

• FG6: Owned by Mr Steven Pretorius.

APPENDIX 1

GROUNDWATER SPECIALIST STUDY

R E G I S T R A T I O N N O :

2 0 0 8 / 0 9 4 3 2 5 / 2 3

A D D R E S S :

8 V i c t o r i a L i n k ,

R o u t e 2 1 C o r p o r a t e P a r k ,

I r e n e , 0 0 6 2 ,

P o s t n e t S u i t e 7 1 ,

P r i v a t e B a g X 8 ,

E l a r d u s p a r k , 0 0 4 7 ,

P r e t o r i a ,

S o u t h A f r i c a

C E L L P H O N E :

+ 2 7 ( 0 ) 8 3 6 3 3 4 9 4 9

F A C S I M I L E :

+ 2 7 ( 0 ) 8 6 6 9 5 3 8 4 6

E - M A I L :

m a r t i e n s @ f f g p m . c o . z a

W E B S I T E :

w w w . f f g p m . c o . z a

M E M B E R :

M . J . P r i n s l o o ( P r . S c i . N a t )

Future Flow Reference: PRE.16.059

Client Reference: P160835

FG WASTE DISPOSAL SITE

HYDROCENSUS STUDY

for

PRIME RESOURCES (Pty) Ltd

Future Flow Document: PRE.16.059 / FG Waste_Hydrocensus Report

24 January 2017

FG Waste Disposal Site

Hydrocensus Study Page i

Future Flow GPMS cc January 2017 PRE.16.059

FG WASTE DISPOSAL SITE

HYDROCENSUS STUDY

for

PRIME RESOURCES (Pty) Ltd

Report Issue FINAL

Reference Number PRE.16.059

Title FG Waste Site – Hydrocensus Study

Name Signature Date

Author Thabile Mgwebi

17 January 2017

Reviewed Martiens Prinsloo (M.Sc.; Pr.Sci.Nat)

24 January 2017

This report has been prepared by Future Flow Groundwater and Project Management with all

reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the contract with the client, and taking into

account of the resources devoted to it by agreement with the client. We disclaim any responsibility

to the client and any other in respect of any matters outside the scope of the project.

This report is confidential to the client and we accept no responsibility of whatsoever nature to third

parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such parties rely on the report

at their own risk.


Hydrocensus Study Page ii


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

Future Flow GPMS cc was contracted by Prime Resources to perform a hydrocensus study around

the Interwaste FG Waste Disposal Site. The study area is located in Olifantsfontein within the

Ekurhuleni Municipality, Gauteng, South Africa.

The aim of the study was to conduct a hydrocensus in a 1.5 km radius around the FG Waste

Disposal Site in order to provide information as requested by the Department of Environmental

Affairs (DEA).

This report provides a summary of the findings of the hydrocensus and does not evaluate whether

the facility has an impact on the surrounding environment as no comparison is made between

water quality on the Interwaste FG landfill site and that found in the surrounding area.

Baseline hydrogeology of the study area

Depth to groundwater level and flow patterns

The depth to groundwater level in the hydrocensus boreholes ranges between 12.68 and 40.58

mbgl. In areas where there are no large scale external impacts on the groundwater environment,

such as the lowering of groundwater level through dewatering, and where the geology and aquifer

interactions are not excessively complex it is expected that the groundwater level contours will

reflect topographical contours, although at a moderated gradient.

Plotting groundwater level elevation versus topographical elevation it can be seen that there is a

60.5 % correlation which indicates some impact on the regional groundwater levels due to the

groundwater abstraction for domestic and stock watering purposes by the land owners in the area.

Groundwater quality

In general, it can be said that the groundwater qualities are quite good and comply with the

SANS241:2015 drinking water guidelines. There are two individual boreholes where the inorganic

chemistry exceeds the SANS241:2015 guideline values:

Borehole FG10 has a zinc concentration that exceeds the guideline value. The reason for

this is unclear with the information that is available;

Borehole FG18 has a nitrate concentration of 25 mg/L which exceeds the guideline value.

In addition to the above, organic chemistry analysis shows:

FG18 and Dam1 show the presence of E.Coli;

FG6, FG11, FG12, FG18, Dam1, Dam2, and Dam3 show the presence of total coliform.


Hydrocensus Study Page iii


TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction and terms of reference ......................................................................................... 1

2. Scope of work .......................................................................................................................... 1

3. General site description ........................................................................................................... 1

3.1 Site locality ....................................................................................................................... 1

4. Hydrogeology of the study area ............................................................................................... 3

4.1. Depth to groundwater level ............................................................................................... 3

4.2. Groundwater quality .......................................................................................................... 7

5. Conclusions and recommendations ......................................................................................... 9

5.1.1. Depth to groundwater level ........................................................................................ 9

5.1.2. Groundwater quality ................................................................................................... 9

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3.1: General site layout ........................................................................................................ 2

Figure 4.1: Depth to groundwater level ........................................................................................... 4

Figure 4.2: Topographical elevation versus observed groundwater level ........................................ 4

Figure 4.3: Hydrocensus borehole positions ................................................................................... 6

LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1: Hydrocensus results ....................................................................................................... 5

Table 4.2: Groundwater chemical analysis results – Hydrocensus water points .............................. 8

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A: Groundwater chemical analysis results


Hydrocensus Study Page 1


1. Introduction and terms of reference

Future Flow GPMS cc was contracted by Prime Resources to perform a hydrocensus study around

the Interwaste FG Waste Disposal Site. The study area is located in Olifantsfontein within the

Ekurhuleni Municipality, Gauteng, South Africa.

The aim of the study was to conduct a hydrocensus in a 1.5 km radius around the FG Waste

Disposal Site in order to provide information as requested by the Department of Environmental

Affairs.

This report provides a summary of the findings of the hydrocensus and does not evaluate whether

the facility has an impact on the surrounding environment as no comparison is made between

water quality on the Interwaste FG landfill site and that found in the surrounding area.

2. Scope of work

The scope of work includes:

Project initiation:

o Collect and evaluate all available data including site specific information supplied by

the client as well as public domain information (geological, hydrogeological maps

etc.); and

o An initial site visit to visually inspect the study area and evaluate grey areas or data

gaps identified during the desk study.

Field investigation:

o Hydrocensus of the study area (1.5km radius around the landfill site) to collect

current information on the groundwater environment (depth to groundwater level,

current use type and volume etc.); and

o Collection of groundwater samples for chemical analysis to determine the pre-

development groundwater character.

Report on results from the study:

o Compare groundwater chemical analysis results to the SANS241:2015 drinking

water standards;

o Provide recommendations on groundwater remediation / mitigation of any possible

contamination; and

o Compile a report detailing the findings of the study

3. General site description

3.1 Site locality

The project area is located on the farm Olifantsfontein 410 JR. The study area is located in

Olifantsfontein within the Ekurhuleni Municipality, Gauteng, South Africa. A general locality map is

shown in Figure 3.1.




Figure 3.1: General site layout




4. Hydrogeology of the study area

4.1. Depth to groundwater level

A hydrocensus was undertaken from 23 to 24 of November 2016 to identify and document other

groundwater users in the region. In total 19 privately owned boreholes were located in the field

(please note that hydrocensus point FG7 which is the Selwyn Segal Gift Centre uses municipal

water). The borehole positions are shown in Figure 4.3 and the results summarised in Table 4.1.

Information gathered at these points included field coordinates, elevation, static water level (SWL),

collar height, borehole depth and groundwater use volumes.

The depth to groundwater level as recorded as part of the hydrocensus conducted on 23 and 24

November are shown graphically in Figure 4.1. Four of the boreholes (FG1, FG2, FG9, and FG13)

were not accessible with a dipmeter and therefore the depth to groundwater level in the boreholes

could not be measured in these four boreholes.

The depth to groundwater level in the hydrocensus boreholes ranges between 12.68 and 40.58

mbgl. In areas where there are no large scale external impacts on the groundwater environment,

such as the lowering of groundwater level through dewatering, and where the geology and aquifer

interactions are not excessively complex, it is expected that the groundwater level contours will

reflect topographical contours, although at a moderated gradient.

Plotting groundwater level elevation versus topographical elevation (please refer to Figure 4.2) it

can be seen that there is a 60.5 % correlation which indicates some impact on the regional

groundwater levels due to the groundwater abstraction for domestic and stock watering purposes

by the land owners in the area.




Figure 4.1: Depth to groundwater level

Figure 4.2: Topographical elevation versus observed groundwater level




Table 4.1: Hydrocensus results

Name East North Elevation

BH depth (m) SWL

Groundwater use Volume Owner details

(LO29, WGS84) (LO29, WGS84) (mamsl) (mbgl) (mamsl) Name Contact

FG1 -81 012.6 -2 872 930 1 555.319 100 NA NA Household and garden - Willie Strydom 011 314 5489

FG2 -81 052.0 -2 873 041 1 556.847 60 NA NA Household and garden - Willie Strydom 011 314 5489

FG3 -81 008.6 -2 871 955 1 526.806 60 14.85 1 511.956 Household, drinking and garden Jennifer Sarkis 011 314 1211

FG4 -82 360.2 -2 872 052 1 529.032 - 16.60 1 512.432 Household, drinking and garden 1 000 L / 3 days Warren Thomas -

FG4a -82 380.1 -2 872 075 1 531.092 - 17.50 1 513.59 Not equipped - Warren Thomas -

FG6 -82 059.3 -2 872 128 1 533.225 45 12.68 1 520.545 Household and garden 5 000 L / day Steven Pretorius 082 334 4183

FG7 -82 802.6 -2 871 789 1 531.681 - 27.93 1 503.751 Kibutz Factory Shop Pump broken Selwyn Segal 011 238 7974

FG8 -82 940.3 -2 872 200 1 549.236 - 40.58 1 508.656 Garden and office 5 000 L / week SA Earthworks 011 314 2446

FG9 -83 139.5 -2 872 368 1 553.238 75 NA NA Household and garden 5 000 L / week Mr Polutre 011 238 7199

FG10 -83 119.0 -2 872 445 1 555.667 - 28.35 1 527.317 Garden 2 000 L / week Bvelela Engineering 011 314 1054

FG11 -83 184.8 -2 873 121 1 569.467 70 22.49 1 546.977 Household and garden 5 000 L / week Carl Krog 083 269 0425

FG12 -83 275.8 -2 873 000 1 568.924 50 37.15 1 531.774 Household and garden 5 000 L / week Fitzpatrick 083 376 2361

FG13 -83 276.2 -2 872 934 1 569.077 47 NA NA Household and livestock 10 000 L / week Shaun Bessit 082 614 7300

FG14 -83 196.5 -2 872 855 1 566.030 - 34.55 1 531.480 Household and garden 5 000 L / week Necoleen Jones 073 282 5757

FG15 -83 056.9 -2 872 766 1 563.375 - 35.2 1 528.175 Household and garden 20 000 L / week Ndzawo Guesthouse

FG16 -83 298.4 -2 872 590 1 556.725 75 39.75 1 516.975 Household and garden 5 000 L / week Guesthouse 011 314 1877

FG17 -83 017.9 -2 872 588 1 557.566 60 35.7 1 521.866 Guesthouse and garden 7 500 L / day Helen Bowrin 082 566 1126

FG18 -83 071.0 -2 872 112 1 542.711 - 34.7 1 508.011 Drinking and garden 2 500 L / week Flow Drain Company 011 025 3174

FG19 -82 790.2 -2 872 166 1 544.213 70 37 1 507.213 Household and garden 10 000 L / day Mr Moehrke 083 670 0370

Dam1 -81 203.9 -2 871 148 1 500.857 - - - Surface dam - - -

Dam2 -81 288.3 -2 873 686 1 553.928 - - - Surface dam - - -

Dam3 -80 826.0 -2 873 960 1 537.471 - - - Surface dam - - -

All coordinates provided in WGS84, LO29

mamsl = metres above mean sea level

mbgl = metres below ground level

NA = Not accessible




Figure 4.3: Hydrocensus borehole positions




4.2. Groundwater quality

A total of 21 water samples (18 boreholes and three dams) were taken from around the project

area during the hydrocensus and submitted to AquaStrata which is a SANAS accredited

laboratory. The chemical analysis results are summarised in Table 4.2 and are compared to the

SANS 241:2015 drinking water standards. Please note that FG7 represents municipal water and

therefore the suite of analysis differs from the other points as per the scope of work provided by the

client.

In general, it can be said that the groundwater qualities are quite good and comply with the

SANS241:2015 drinking water guidelines. There are two individual boreholes where the inorganic

chemistry exceeds the SANS241:2015 guideline values:

Borehole FG10 has a zinc concentration that exceeds the guideline value. The reason for

this is unclear with the information that is available;

Borehole FG18 has a nitrate concentration of 25 mg/L which exceeds the guideline value.

In addition to the above, organic chemistry analysis shows:

FG18 and Dam1 show the presence of E.Coli;

FG6, FG11, FG12, FG18, Dam1, Dam2, and Dam3 show the presence of total coliform.




Table 4.2: Groundwater chemical analysis results – Hydrocensus water points

Analysis Units SANS 241:2015 guideline

value FG1 FG2 FG3 FG4 FG6 FG7 FG8 FG9 FG10 FG11 FG12 FG13 FG14 FG15 FG16 FG17 FG18 FG19 Dam 1 Dam 2 Dam3

pH ≥5 - ≤9.7 7.49 7.82 7.52 7.97 7.75 8.15 7.95 7.79 7.81 8.01 8.17 8.12 8.18 8.1 7.71 8.03 8.11 8.11 8.38 8.51 8.62

Electrical Conductivity

(EC)

mS/m ≤170

18.4 22.8 22.7 26.3 18.6 16.1 36.3 33.6 30.7 23.7 23.1 17.5 19.9 16.2 26.7 27.3 47.6 29.8

45 38.6 57.8

Total Dissolved Solids

(TDS)

mg/L ≤1 200

126 162 180 204 96 96 246 254 210 164 148 114 126 110 192 214 354 164

262 238 302

Sodium (Na) mg/L ≤200 14.00 13.80 18.50 19.4 14.6 22.8 26.1 21.1 16.5 17.7 7.63 15.4 6.53 19.3 18.2 33.7 17.8 32.1 32.5 65.1

Chloride (Cl) mg/L ≤300 6.04 13.2 14.8 10.1 2.09 25 17.9 18.6 6.2 8.59 6.33 1.91 5.94 14.4 17.8 39 15.3 19.2 23.5 64.7

Fluoride (F) mg/L ≤1.5 <0.26 <0.26 <0.263 <0.263 <0.263 <0.263 <0.263 0.778 0.319 <0.263 <0.263 <0.263 <0.263 <0.263 <0.263 <0.263 <0.263 0.327 0.505 0.606

Nitrate (NO3) mg/L ≤11 3.07 4.97 5.33 3.04 1.96 7.8 10.4 6.62 0.236 2.74 0.847 0.946 0.794 1.65 3.19 25 5.31 0.317 0.303 0.298

Nitrite (NO2) mg/L ≤0.9 0.097 0.096 0.098 0.097 0.094 0.094 0.106 0.283 0.091 0.085 0.124 0.087 0.452 0.088 0.09 0.09 0.091 0.091 0.09 0.089

Ammonium (NH4) mg/L 1.5 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.031 0.025 0.023 0.07 0.126 0.04 0.04 0.252 0.026 0.022 0.011 0.024 0.057 0.023 0.056 0.044 0.076

Sulphate (SO4) mg/L ≤500 (health) <0.141 <0.141 4.47 21.5 15.9 19.4 22.7 2.22 <0.141 <0.141 6.35 <0.141 6.93 8.91 4.38 18.8 2.93 71.4 18.4 5.63

Aluminium (Al) mg/L ≤0.3 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002

Cadmium (Cd) mg/L ≤0.003 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002

Chromium (Cr) mg/L ≤0.05 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003

Hexavalent chromium

(Cr6+) mg/L

N/L

<0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002

Iron (Fe) mg/L ≤2 (health) <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004

Manganese (Mn) mg/L ≤0.4 (health) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Lead (Pb) mg/L ≤0.01 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004

Free Cyanide (CN) mg/L ≤0.2 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Mercury (Hg) mg/L ≤0.006 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004

Boron (B) mg/L ≤2.4 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013

Barium (Ba) mg/L <0.7 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.227 0.113

Copper (Cu) mg/L ≤2 0.263 <0.002 <0.002 0.714 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002

Nickel (Ni) mg/L ≤0.07 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002

Zinc (Zn) mg/L ≤5 1.24 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.239 8.16 <0.002 <0.002 0.818 0.155 <0.002 0.015 <0.002 <0.002 0.01 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002

Arsenic (As) mg/L ≤0.01 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006 <0.006

Antimony (Sb) mg/L <0.02 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Selenium (Se) mg/L ≤0.04 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002

Strontium (Sr) mg/L N/L <0.001 0.017 0.026 0.016 <0.001 <0.001 0.091 0.064 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 0.14 0.009 0.061 0.123 0.256

Thallium (Tl) mg/L N/L <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037 <0.037

Uranium (U) mg/L ≤0.03 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

E.Coli CFU/100ml <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 2 <1 2 <1 <1

Total Coliform CFU/100ml <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 9 <1 <1 <1 4 17 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 7 <1 6 45 3400

N/L: Not listed in SANS: 241:2015

Exceed the SANS:241-1:2015 concentration limit



Future Flow GPMS cc January 2017 GME.16.013

5. Conclusions and recommendations

5.1.1. Depth to groundwater level

The depth to groundwater level in the hydrocensus boreholes ranges between 12.68 and

40.58 mbgl;

Plotting groundwater level elevation versus topographical elevation shows that there is a

60.5 % correlation which indicates some impact on the regional groundwater levels due to

the groundwater abstraction for domestic and stock watering purposes in the area.

5.1.2. Groundwater quality

The groundwater qualities are quite good and comply with the SANS241:2015 drinking

water guidelines;

o The hydrocensus borehole FG10 has a zinc concentration that exceeds the

guideline value;

o Borehole FG18 has a nitrate concentration of 25 mg/L which exceeds the guideline

value.

o FG18 and Dam1 show the presence of E.Coli;

o FG6, FG11, FG12, FG18, Dam1, Dam2, and Dam3 show the presence of total

coliform.




APPENDIX A

GROUNDWATER CHEMICAL ANALYSIS RESULTS

interwaste (pty) ltd regional ground- and surface …

Documents