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Chapter Seven: lnterpersonal Deception Theory(David Buller and Judee Burgoon)

Although strategicsgpgrlunlgglior,, lruth hias-When deceivers cen adjust their presentation tosuspicion" (Griflin (pp. A-1 3-1 4).Strategies of deceplion ---- tarsiiicailon creares a ircronconcealment hides a secretequivocalion dodges Ihe issueAn Emergent Theory of Thoughtful tnteractianlnlerpersonal com municalion is interactiveCan't just examine one side of the interactionlmportant to examine adjustments made in the interaclionSee charl 7.1 (pp- 97-98) of the eighteen axioms in the original descriptionStrategic deception demands mental effortDeceiver must deal with multiple complex tasks -Cognitive overload may lead deceiver to exhibit nonstrategic, nonverbal cuesLeakageManipulation lnformation: The tanguage and look of IiarsDeceiver must deal with multiple complex tasks -Accomplish specifi c task/goal

Establish or maintain a relationship with the respondent'Save face'or suslain the image of one or both personslnterpersonal and identity motivations -'texl'marks communication as less than honestFour message characteristics reflecting strategic intent.'Uncertainty and vaguenessN on im mediacy, retice nce, a n d withd raw alDr'sassocralrbnLevelersGroup references

ModifiersI m age- an d re latio nsh i p-prote cting beh aviorSuppressing cues thal might signal deception

Outcome depends on qualily of message and nonslralegic cues (can't be controlledoLeakage - The ttuth will come out (maybe)Four-factor model of deception (Zuckerman)Attempt to conlrol can lead lo too-slick performance (signalling deception)Lying causes psychological arousalEmotions of guilt and anxiety are predominanl felt emolionsComplex cognitive factors overload brain and lead to unintended behaviorslmportant to focus on deceiver's overall performance to see if deceiver can 'pull off' deceit,

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but also depends on suspicion of lhe receiverThe Respondents' Dilemma: Truth bias or suspicion?Cognitive heuristic - expectation of honestySuspicion is a mid-range mindset, located somewhere between truth and falsityTrulh-------suspicion---iieVerbal tactics (vagueness, nonimmediacy, & disassociation) make respondents waryNonverbal signs of emotional stress and mental meltdown pul listeners on guardDifficull to induce deep-seated skepticismlf doubt a deceiver's honest, imporlant to try indirect means of getting more informationPutting Doubts to Resf-' Deceive r adiustment to respondent suspicionDeceivers' usually better at sensing suspicion that respondents are at spotting deceptionDeceivers usually reciprocate lhe mod and manner of lhe person as they try to mislead

'Othello error'-recursive spiral of sender and receiver cognitions influencing behaviorsand subsequent cognilions during interaction.Deception-detection is hit-and-miss matter and depends on the interactionCluiSge: Why does it have to be so complicated?Zuckerman's explanation was relatively simpleMcOornack's explanation also quite simple:Relational closeness->Oeteclion con{idence-->Truth bias->less detection accuracyBuller & Burgoon emphasize that since deceplion is a communication activity, we musltake into account the mutual influence of many different factors which is obviouslycomplex{giLle!trs-talsificationconcealment

equivocationleakagetruth bias