internetul si economia

8/13/2019 Internetul Si Economia

1/6

Analele Universit ii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Economie, Nr. 4/2010


INTERNETUL N CONTEXTULDEZVOLTRII NOII ECONOMII

Podac Raluca, prep.univ.Universitatea Petrol-Gaze Ploieti

Abstract

Dezvoltarea f r precedent dinultimele dou decenii a tehnologiilorinformaionale determinate de necesitateastocrii si a transmiterii rapide ainformaiilor cu cele mai mici costuri, arevoluionat economia global. Este din ce nce mai evident c se contureaz o nou economie bazat pe informatic i pe reelede calculatoare. n cadrul acesteia,Internetul are un rol esenial atenundbarierele fizice i economice ale economieitradiionale. n viitor, trecerea la o economie n totalitate digital este inevitabil, iarfiecare ar va trebui s fac fa noiloroportuniti oferite, dar i restriciilorimpuse de economia digital.

1.

IntroducereIn ultimii ani este folosit din ce in ce

mai des termenul de noua economie. Acestaeste un concept larg ce descrie o economie bazat pe cunoatere i pe utilizarea cunoateriin domeniul economic, n special prin inovare.Inovarea reprezint capacitatea de a asimilaide a converti cunoaterea nou pentru ambunti productivitateai pentru a crea noi produsei servicii. Noua economie ncurajeaz

creareai dezvoltarea ideilor inovatoare[1].Un rol foarte important n dezvoltareaeconomiei l-a avut Internetul, deoarecetranzaciile digitale permit noi oportuniti imedii de afaceri care nu erau posibile nainte.Dac n economia industrial un rol importantl-au avut factorii fizici ca munca, naturaicapitalul, n noua economie inovatia,tehnologia i bunurile intangibile au un rolesenial.

2. Dezvoltarea Internetului i a

INTERNET IN THE CONTEXT OF THENEW ECONOMYS DEVELOPMENT

Podac Raluca, prep.univPetrol-Gaze University Ploiesti

Abstract

In the past two decades, theunprecedented development of informationtechnologies determined by the necessity tostore and transmit information rapidly withlow costs revolutionized the world economy.It is more and more obvious that a neweconomy is taking shape, one based onInformation Technology and computernetworks, one where the Internet plays anessential part by diminishing the physicaland economic barriers of traditionaleconomy. In the future, going towards anabsolutely digital economy is inevitable.Each country will have to face the newopportunities but also the restrictionsimposed by the digital economy.

1. IntroductionDuring the past few years, the notion of

new economy has been used to a greaterextent. This is a broad concept that describes aneconomy based on knowledge and on usingthat knowledge in the economic field especiallythrough innovation. Innovation represents thecapacity to assimilate and convert newknowledge in order to increase productivityand to create new products and services. The

new economy encourages the creation anddevelopment of innovative ideas [1].The Internet played an important part in

the development of the economy as digitaltransactions allow new opportunities and business environments never before possible. Ifin the industrial revolution an important rolewas played by the physical factors like labor,nature and capital, in the new economyinnovation, technology and intangible goodshave an essential role.


2/6



comerului electronic

Internetul reprezint un factordeterminant al globalizrii. Prin natura lor,noile tehnologii din sfera comunicaiilor au odimensiune global, depind granielenaionale. Noua economie presupuneextinderea utilizrii informaiei digitale i aInternetului ca mediu de lucru ntr-o arie foartevast de activiti i servicii (servicii financiar- bancare, programe informatice, informaii on-line, tranzacii comerciale etc.).

Datorit naturii sale, s-a ncercatdefinirea noii economii printr-o serie desintagme cum ar fi:

- economia digital deoarece producia,dezvoltarea i vnzarea bunuriloriserviciilor depind n mod esenial detehnologiile digitale;

- economia informaiei pentru c este oeconomie bazat pe cunoatere;

- economia virtual deoarece mediul dedesf urare al tranzaciilor nu este unmediu fizic ci virtual;

- economia Internetului pentru c mediulde lucru este Internetul [2].In ultimul deceniu Internetul a cunoscut

o dezvoltare spectaculoas i a influenat majortoate aspectele vieii economicei sociale. In prezent asistam la o adevrat revoluie asocietii informaionale.

Tabelul nr.1: Statistici privind numrulutilizatorilor Internet pe regiuni

Sursa:www.internetworldstats.com

Analiznd datele din tabelul nr.1constatm c cel mai mare procent alutilizatorilor Internet din totalul populaiei n2009 , de 76.2% , i revine Americii de Nordiar cel mai mic procent, de 8.7%, apar ine

2. The development of the Internetand E-Commerce

The Internet represents a decisive factor ofglobalization. By their nature, the newtechnologies from the communications areahave a global dimension, going beyondnational borders. The new economy entails theextension of digital information usage and ofthe Internet as a work environment into a widearea of activities and services (financial and banking services, IT programs, on-lineinformation, commercial transactions, so).

Because of its nature, it was tried to definethe new economy by a series of statements like:

- digital economy because production,development and sale of goods and servicesessentially depend upon digital technologies;

- information economy as it is aneconomy based on knowledge;

- virtual economy as the transactiondevelopment environment is not a physical buta virtual one;

- Internet economy because the workingenvironment is the Internet [2].

In the past decade, the Internet has known

an impressive expansion and has considerablyinfluenced all the aspects of economic andsocial life. We are presently witnessing a truerevolution of the information society.

Table 1: Statistics regarding the number ofInternet users by region

Sursa:www.internetworldstats.com

By analyzing the data from Table 1, wenotice that the highest percentage of Internetusers out of the total population in 2009(76.2%) belongs to North America and the


3/6



Africii. Cu toate acestea, Africa a cunoscut ceamai mare dinamic a utilizatorilor Internet ntreanii 2000 i 2009 de 1809.8% pe cndAmerica de Nord se afl pe ultimul loc alclasamentului, cu o dinamica de doar 140.1%.Conform aceleiai surse, n Romnia 33.4%din totalul populaiei a utilizat Internetul nanul 2009 iar ntre anii 2000-2009 s-anregistrat o dinamic de 828.8% autilizatorilor Internet. Germania conduceclasamentrul utilizatorilor Internet din Europaavand n anul 2009 61.973.100 persoane cefolosesc Internetul, care reprezint 75.3% dintotalul populaiei, fiind urmat de MareaBritanie cu 46.683.900 utilizatori Internet, cereprezint 76.4% din totalul populaiei i deRusia cu 45.250.000 utilizatori Internet cereprezint 32.3% din totalul populaiei. Intreanii 2000 i 2009 cea mai mare dinamic autilizatorilor Internet din Europa a fostnregistrat de Albania, 29.900.0%, urmat deBosnia-Herzegovina cu o dinamic de20.485.7% i de Ucraina cu o dinamic de5.077.0%.

Ca efect al creterii numruluiutilizatorilor Internet, comer ul electronic acunoscut n ultimii ani o dezvoltare

impresionant. n concepia OrganizaieiEconomice de Cooperare i Dezvoltare(OECD), comer ul electronic reprezint desf urarea unei afaceri prin intermediulreelei Internet, vnzarea de bunurii serviciiavnd loc offline sau online. n tranzaciileclasice distingem patru etape diferite:

- cercetarea de marketing: informareacomercial referitoare la tranzacie;

- ncheierea contractului comercial; - vnzarea produsului sau al serviciului;

- plata produsului sau al serviciului. Aceste etape se reflect i n cazulcomertului electronic, fiind prezentate n figurade mai jos:

lowest percentage (8.7%) to Africa. However,Africa has known the largest dynamics ofInternet users between 2000 and 2009 with1809.8%. Meanwhile, North America is at the bottom of the ranking with just 140.1%.According to the same source, in Romania,33.4% out of the total population accessed theInternet in 2009 and between 2000 and 2009there was a dynamics of 828.8% of Internetusers. Germany leads the ranking of Internetusers in Europe with 61,973,100 users in 2009which represents 75.3% out of the total population. It is followed by Great Britain with46,683,900 Internet users which signify 76.4%out of the total population and by Russia with45,250,000 Internet users that represent 32.3%out of the total population. Between 2000 and2009, the highest Internet users dynamics inEurope was recorded by Albania, 29,900.0%,followed by Bosnia-Herzegovina with adynamics of 20,485.7% and by the Ukrainewith a dynamics of 5,077.0%.

E-commerce has known an impressivedevelopment in the past few years as an effectof the growth in number of Internet users.According to the Organization for Economic

Co-operation and Development (OECD), e-commerce means having a business through theInternet network, the sale of goods and servicestaking place offline or online. For classicaltransactions there are four different stages:

- marketing research : commercialnotification regarding the transaction;

- closing the commercial contract;- selling the product or the service;- paying the product or the service.

These stages reflect also on e-commerceand are presented in the figure below:


4/6



Fig. nr.1: Etapele comeului electronic

Se face distincia n industria comer uluielectronic ntre tranzaciile Business toBusiness (B2B sau BTB)i tranzaciileBusiness to Consumer (B2C sau BTC).Tranzaciile Business to Business se

caracterizeaz prin faptul c ambele prti ce particip la tranzacie sunt instituii. Acestetranzacii se bazeaz de obicei pe sistemeextranet, ceea ce nseamn c partenerii deafaceri acioneaz pe Internet prin utilizarea denume i parole proprii [3]. TranzaciileBusiness to Consumer se realizeaz ntrevnztori companiii cumpr tori individuali.n acest caz este foarte important interactivitatea contribuind decisiv la decizia decumprare.Alte relaii adiacente comer uluielectronic sunt Government to Government(G2G), Government to Consumer (G2C),Consumer to Government (C2G), Governmentto Business (G2B), Consumer to Business(C2B), Consumer to Consumer (C2C).

Dezvoltarea comer ului electronicimpulsioneaz procesul de globalizare prindep irea barierelor comer ului tradiional. Unsite de comer electronic poate fi accesat defirmele sau consumatorii finali interesai dinorice loc al lumii unde exist o conexiune laInternet.

Printre avantajele comer ului electronic se potmentiona:

- vitez ridicat de desf urare atranzaciilor;

- reducerea costurilor de aprovizionare,distribuie, promovare;

- permite accesul la noi piee fa decomeul tradiional;

-

contribuie la creterea flexibilittii politicilor comerciale;

In the e-commerce industry there is a cleardistinction made between the Business toBusiness transactions (B2B or BTB) and theBusiness to Consumer (B2C or BTC). TheBusiness to Business transactions are defined by the fact that both parties involved in thetransaction are companies. These transactionsare based mainly on extranet system, whichmeans that the business partners interact on theInternet through names and personal passwords[3]. Businesses to Consumer transactions aredone between selling companies and individual buyers. In this case interaction is veryimportant and it decisively contributes to the buying decision. Other adjacent relations to e-commerce are Government to Government(G2G), Government to Consumer (G2C),Consumer to Government (C2G), Governmentto Business (G2B), Consumer to Business(C2B), Consumer to Consumer (C2C).

The development of e-commerce speedsup the globalization process by overcoming the barriers of traditional commerce. An e-commerce site can be accessed by interestedcompanies or final consumers from any placein the world where there is an Internetconnection.

Some of the advantages of e-commerce arementioned below:

- high speed in the transactionsdevelopment;

- reducing the procurement, distributionand promotion costs;

- enabling access to new markets ascompared to traditional commerce;

- contributing to the growth in

flexibility of the commercial policies;- simplification of the transaction procedures;

- increase in competitivity at companylevel and consequently at country level.

Table 2: Statistics regarding the value of e-commerce in the United States of America


5/6



- simplificarea procedurilor detranzacionare;

- creterea cometitivitii la nivel defirm i implicit dear .

Tabelul nr.2 Statistici privind valoareacomer ului electronic n Statele Unite aleAmericii

Sursa: US Census Bureau

Analiznd datele din tabelul de mai susse obsev c ponderea cea mai mare a valoriicomer ului electronic din valoarea total amrfurilor vndute o dein produsele

electronice, de 74.06% urmat de categoriamuzic i video, ce dein o pondere de 74.01%i de echipamentele de biroui accesorii cereprezinta 67.76% din total. Cea mai mic pondere din valoarea total o au produsele desntate, medicamentelei cosmeticele, denumai 8.76% ceea ce reflect o anumit nencredere a populaiei n comer ul electronic privind aceast categorie de mrfuri.Se observ c pe total comer ul electronic deine o pondereimportant, de 43.54% din totalul vnzrilor ise ateapt ca aceast pondere s creasc de laan la an.Conform aceleiai surse, n anul 2006 valoareavnzrilor prin comer electronic la mrfurile prezentate n tabel a fost de 59.017 milioane dedolari, reprezentnd 39.52% dintr-un total de149.326 milioane de dolari.

ntre rile dezvoltatei cele n curs dedezvoltare sunt discrepane evidente cu privirela stadiul tehnologici informaional necesar pentru existena si dezvolarea noii economii.Aceste decalaje vor frna constituirea unei

Source: US Census Bureau

By analyzing the data in the table above, itcan be seen that the biggest weight of e-

commerce out of the total value of goods soldis held by electronic products (74.06%)followed by music and video that have aweight of 74.01% and office equipment andaccessories represent 67.76% out of the total.The smallest weight out of the total value isheld by health products, medicine andcosmetics with only 8.76% which reflects acertain disbelief of the population in e-commerce regarding this category ofmerchandise. Overall, e-commerce has an

important weight of 43.54% out of the totalsales and it is expected to grow constantly.According to the same source, in 2006, thevalue of e-commerce sales for the merchandise presented in the table was of 59.017 millionUSD, representing 39.52% out of the total of149.326 million USD.

There are obviously discrepancies betweenthe developed and the developing countriesfrom the point of view of the technological andinformational stage necessary for the existenceand growth of the new economy. These lagswill restrain the creation of a global, planetaryeconomy. Due to the precarious informationinfrastructure, the developing countries have alow degree of participation to e-commercewhich will lead to a decline more or less severein international trade (depending on the realgrowth rate of the new economy and theinfrastructural lags against the developedcountries).


6/6



economii globale, planetare. Din cauzainfrastructurii informaionale precare,rile ncurs de dezvoltare au un grad sczut de participare la comer ul electronic, care va duce,deasemenea la o scdere mai mult sau mai puin sever (n funcie de ritmul real decretere a noii economiii de decalajeleinfrastructurale fa de rile dezvoltate) ncomer ul internaional.

1. Concluzii

n prezent, Internetul este o component esenial a politicilor de dezvoltare economic.Comer ul electronic este cheia competitivitiifirmelor n contextul dezvoltrii noii economiidatorit capacitii sale de a dep i graniele detimpi de spaiu. Se preconizeaz c Internetulva avea un rol din ce n ce mai important, punndu-i amprenta asupra ntregii vieieconomice, sociale si culturale a omeniriii vaguverna practic toat lumea modern. n NouaEconomie, regulile sale principale cum ar fiaceea c firmele bazate pe cunoatere i activeintangibile dein un potenial superior de crearede valoare, comparativ cu firmele de producietradiionale, bazate n special pe active

tangibile, sunt valabile. n acelai timp ns, seaplic i reguli importante ale VechiiEconomii, cum ar fi aceea c firmele trebuie s dovedeasc, c strategia bazat pe cunoatere iactive intangibile aduce profituri susinute icresctoare n termen scurti, n acelai timp,creeaz valoare pe termen lung prin inovaie.

Bibliografie:

[1],[2] Bari, I, Globalizarea economiei,

Editura Economic, Bucureti, 2005, pp 85-87[3] Felea, M., Dezvoltarea comer uluielectronic n condi iile globaliz rii , RevistaAmfiteatrul Economic, Bucureti, nr.17, 2005 www.census.gov

3. Conclusions

Today, the Internet is an essentialcomponent of the economic development policies. E-commerce is the key in companycompetitiveness in the context of the neweconomy development thanks to its capacity toovercome time and space borders. It isestimated that the Internet will play anincreasingly important part, making its mark onthe entire economic, social and cultural life ofmankind and will practically reign over thewhole modern world. In the New Economy, itsmain rules like the one that states thatcompanies based on knowledge and intangibleassets hold a higher value creation potential incomparison to the traditional productioncompanies especially based on tangible assets ,are true. At the same time, the Old Economyrules apply like the one that states thatcompanies must prove that the strategy basedon knowledge and intangible assets bringssustainable and growing profits in a short termand at the same time create value in the longterm through innovation.

Bibliography:

[1],[2] Bari, I,Globalizarea economiei,Economic Publishing House, Bucharest, 2005, p 85-87

[3] Felea, M., Dezvoltarea comer uluielectronic n condi iile globaliz rii , AmfiteatrulEconomic Magazine, Bucharest, nr.17, 2005

www.census.gov

internetul si economia

Documents