Internet ResourcesInternet Resources

Centers for Disease Control and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Prevention: www.cdc.govwww.cdc.gov

National Institutes of Health: National Institutes of Health: www.nih.govwww.nih.gov

Healthfinder: Healthfinder: www.healthfinder.govwww.healthfinder.gov

MedlinePlus: MedlinePlus: www.nlm.nih.gov/medlinepluswww.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus

Tobacco UseTobacco Use

““Tobacco use is the single most preventable Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death in the United States. While cause of death in the United States. While

tobacco companies continue to publish tobacco companies continue to publish full-page advertisements refuting the full-page advertisements refuting the dangers of smoking, nearly 440,000 dangers of smoking, nearly 440,000 Americans die each year of tobacco Americans die each year of tobacco

related diseases.” (CDC,2007).related diseases.” (CDC,2007).

TobaccoTobacco

Tobacco is a plant that contains nicotineTobacco is a plant that contains nicotineNicotine is a stimulant drug that is found in Nicotine is a stimulant drug that is found in all tobacco productsall tobacco productsCan be smoked in the form of cigarettes, Can be smoked in the form of cigarettes, cigars, and pipescigars, and pipesThree harmful ingredients/products:Three harmful ingredients/products:– TarTar– NicotineNicotine– Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide

Ingredient Vs. By-ProductsIngredient Vs. By-Products

Ingredients: The elements or chemicals Ingredients: The elements or chemicals found in productsfound in products– Ex: NicotineEx: Nicotine

By-Products: Produced in the action of By-Products: Produced in the action of using a product using a product – Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide

TarTar

A sticky, thick fluid that is formed when A sticky, thick fluid that is formed when tobacco is burnedtobacco is burned

Is a major cause of lung cancer because it Is a major cause of lung cancer because it contains many carcinogenscontains many carcinogens

Causes the lungs to turn a blackish colorCauses the lungs to turn a blackish color

Causes yellow fingers and teethCauses yellow fingers and teeth

Produces chronic irritation of the Produces chronic irritation of the respiratory systemrespiratory system

NicotineNicotine

Most dangerous ingredient found in all Most dangerous ingredient found in all tobacco productstobacco products

Highly addictiveHighly addictive

Dulls taste buds, constricts blood vessels, Dulls taste buds, constricts blood vessels, and increases the heart rate and blood and increases the heart rate and blood pressurepressure

Absorbed into the bloodstream and quickly Absorbed into the bloodstream and quickly reaches the brainreaches the brain

NicotineNicotine

Many experts claim that nicotine is as Many experts claim that nicotine is as addictive as heroin, cocaine, and alcohol.addictive as heroin, cocaine, and alcohol.Causes more premature death and Causes more premature death and disease than all other forms of drug disease than all other forms of drug dependence combined.dependence combined.People who use nicotine develop a People who use nicotine develop a tolerancetolerancePsychological Dependence:Psychological Dependence: When people When people feel the need to smoke or chew at certain feel the need to smoke or chew at certain times for specific reasonstimes for specific reasons

Effects of NicotineEffects of Nicotine

Stimulates the CNSStimulates the CNS

Stimulates the adrenal glands, increasing Stimulates the adrenal glands, increasing the production of adrenalinethe production of adrenaline

Nicotine decreases blood sugar levels and Nicotine decreases blood sugar levels and the stomach contractions that signal the stomach contractions that signal hungerhunger

Enhances formation of fat on the walls of Enhances formation of fat on the walls of the blood vesselsthe blood vessels

Nicotine Withdrawal SyndromeNicotine Withdrawal Syndrome

The body’s reaction to quitting the use of The body’s reaction to quitting the use of tobacco products.tobacco products.

Feel a craving for tobacco; may be Feel a craving for tobacco; may be anxious, irritable, restless, have a anxious, irritable, restless, have a headache, and have difficulty headache, and have difficulty concentrating; can be frustrated and concentrating; can be frustrated and angry; have heart palpitations and angry; have heart palpitations and increased appetiteincreased appetite

WHY?WHY?

Why experimenting is RiskyWhy experimenting is Risky

Puts you at risk for nicotine dependencePuts you at risk for nicotine dependenceAccording to the Surgeon General, the According to the Surgeon General, the probability of becoming addicted to probability of becoming addicted to nicotine after one exposure is higher than nicotine after one exposure is higher than for other addictive substances.for other addictive substances.Teens have a more difficult time quitting Teens have a more difficult time quitting than people who start using when they are than people who start using when they are olderolderA majority of adult smokers started before A majority of adult smokers started before the age of 18the age of 18

Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide

An odorless, tasteless gas that interferes An odorless, tasteless gas that interferes with the ability of blood to carry oxygenwith the ability of blood to carry oxygenDeadly gas formed during the burning of Deadly gas formed during the burning of tobaccotobaccoIt inhibits the body’s ability to carry oxygen It inhibits the body’s ability to carry oxygen to organs such as the heart and brainto organs such as the heart and brainWhen inhaled, it combines with the oxygen When inhaled, it combines with the oxygen carrying hemoglobin, not allowing them to carrying hemoglobin, not allowing them to carry oxygencarry oxygen

Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide

Exposure to the gas can damage and kill Exposure to the gas can damage and kill organs that were starved of oxygenorgans that were starved of oxygen

It takes much longer for your body to It takes much longer for your body to eliminate carbon monoxide than to absorb eliminate carbon monoxide than to absorb it, which is one reason why exposure can it, which is one reason why exposure can be so dangerous.be so dangerous.

When carbon monoxide levels drop in the When carbon monoxide levels drop in the blood, oxygen levels raise to normal.blood, oxygen levels raise to normal.

Smokeless TobaccoSmokeless Tobacco

Can be chewed or snorted, but is not Can be chewed or snorted, but is not smokedsmokedDamages the teeth and gumsDamages the teeth and gumsSold in two forms:Sold in two forms:– 1. Chewing Tobacco: made from chopped 1. Chewing Tobacco: made from chopped

tobacco leaves that is placed between the tobacco leaves that is placed between the gums and cheekgums and cheek

– 2. Snuff: a tobacco product made from 2. Snuff: a tobacco product made from powdered tobacco leaves and stems that is powdered tobacco leaves and stems that is snorted or placed between the gums and snorted or placed between the gums and cheekcheek

Smokeless TobaccoSmokeless Tobacco

Contains many carcinogens and Contains many carcinogens and dangerous chemicals.dangerous chemicals.

It is NOT a safe alternative to smoking It is NOT a safe alternative to smoking cigarettes.cigarettes.

Smokeless tobacco users do not feel the Smokeless tobacco users do not feel the effects of the nicotine as fast as cigarette effects of the nicotine as fast as cigarette users do. About the same amount of users do. About the same amount of nicotine enters their bloodstreams. nicotine enters their bloodstreams.

Smokeless TobaccoSmokeless Tobacco

Smokeless tobacco use can lead to Smokeless tobacco use can lead to nicotine addiction and dependence.nicotine addiction and dependence.Adolescents who use smokeless tobacco Adolescents who use smokeless tobacco are more likely to become cigarette are more likely to become cigarette smokers.smokers.Increases the risks of developing oral Increases the risks of developing oral cancercancerThe tobacco and its juices are in contact The tobacco and its juices are in contact with the gums, cheeks, and lips that can with the gums, cheeks, and lips that can lead to cancer.lead to cancer.

Smokeless TobaccoSmokeless TobaccoParticles found in the tobacco scratch and Particles found in the tobacco scratch and wear away at the teeth, and the sugars wear away at the teeth, and the sugars mix with dental plaque to form acids that mix with dental plaque to form acids that cause tooth decay.cause tooth decay.

Can cause the gums to pull away from the Can cause the gums to pull away from the teeth, exposing the roots and making them teeth, exposing the roots and making them more likely to fall out.more likely to fall out.

LeukoplakiaLeukoplakia

Abnormal cells in the mouth that appear Abnormal cells in the mouth that appear as white patches of tissue.as white patches of tissue.It is the mouth's reaction to chronic It is the mouth's reaction to chronic irritation of the mucous membranes of the irritation of the mucous membranes of the mouth mouth These abnormal cells can develop into These abnormal cells can develop into cancer.cancer.Lesions usually clear in a few weeks or Lesions usually clear in a few weeks or months after the source of irritation is months after the source of irritation is removed removed

True or False?True or False?1.1. Carbon monoxide is an odorless, tasteless gas Carbon monoxide is an odorless, tasteless gas

that interferes with the blood’s ability to carry that interferes with the blood’s ability to carry oxygen.oxygen.

2.2. When carbon dioxide is inhaled, it combines When carbon dioxide is inhaled, it combines with the oxygen carrying hemoglobin, not with the oxygen carrying hemoglobin, not allowing them to carry oxygen.allowing them to carry oxygen.

3.3. Particles found in smokeless tobacco scratch Particles found in smokeless tobacco scratch and wear away at the teeth, and the sugars mix and wear away at the teeth, and the sugars mix with dental plaque to form acids that cause with dental plaque to form acids that cause tooth decay.tooth decay.

4.4. Smokeless tobacco is a safe alternative to Smokeless tobacco is a safe alternative to smoking cigarettes.smoking cigarettes.

5.5. Leukoplakia is abnormal, cancerous cells that Leukoplakia is abnormal, cancerous cells that develop as a result of using smokeless develop as a result of using smokeless tobacco.tobacco.

SmokingSmoking

Tobacco smoke contains more than 4,000 Tobacco smoke contains more than 4,000 different chemicals, with 43 being different chemicals, with 43 being carcinogens.carcinogens.About 48 million adults smoke and 3.1 About 48 million adults smoke and 3.1 million adolescents smoke.million adolescents smoke.Smoking harms nearly every organ of the Smoking harms nearly every organ of the body; causing many diseases and body; causing many diseases and reducing the health of smokers in general.reducing the health of smokers in general.About 400,000 or 1 in every 6 deaths are About 400,000 or 1 in every 6 deaths are caused by smoking each year.caused by smoking each year.

SmokingSmoking

More deaths are caused each year by tobacco More deaths are caused each year by tobacco use than by all deaths from illegal drugs, alcohol, use than by all deaths from illegal drugs, alcohol, homicides, suicides, AIDS, car accidents, and homicides, suicides, AIDS, car accidents, and fires combined. fires combined.

Research has shown that smoking during Research has shown that smoking during pregnancy causes health problems for both pregnancy causes health problems for both mothers and babies, such as: Pregnancy mothers and babies, such as: Pregnancy complications, Premature birth, Low-birth-weight complications, Premature birth, Low-birth-weight infants, Stillbirth, Sudden infant death syndrome infants, Stillbirth, Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (SIDS)

SmokingSmoking

Filters trap very little of the tar and nicotine in Filters trap very little of the tar and nicotine in tobacco smoke.tobacco smoke.These factors increase the chances of getting a These factors increase the chances of getting a smoking related disease:smoking related disease:– How How longlong you smoke you smoke– How How muchmuch you smoke you smoke– Occupation/EnvironmentOccupation/EnvironmentIn recent years, smoking among teens has In recent years, smoking among teens has increased dramatically.increased dramatically.About half of all smokers started before the age About half of all smokers started before the age of 18.of 18.

Secondhand SmokeSecondhand Smoke

People around smokers are exposed to People around smokers are exposed to 4,000 chemicals. Of these, 200 are 4,000 chemicals. Of these, 200 are poisonous, and 43 are carcinogenspoisonous, and 43 are carcinogensSmoke from cigarettes of other people are Smoke from cigarettes of other people are responsible for 3,000 lung cancer deaths responsible for 3,000 lung cancer deaths and 35,000 heart disease deaths per year and 35,000 heart disease deaths per year in the United States.in the United States.Laws have been passed that prevent Laws have been passed that prevent smoking in public buildings.smoking in public buildings.

SmokingSmokingMainstream Smoke: The smoke that is Mainstream Smoke: The smoke that is directly inhaled into the smoker’s mouth directly inhaled into the smoker’s mouth and lungs.and lungs.

Sidestream Smoke: Smoke that enters the Sidestream Smoke: Smoke that enters the air from a burning cigarette, cigar, or pipe. air from a burning cigarette, cigar, or pipe. This has more tar, nicotine, carbon This has more tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, and ammonia than mainstream monoxide, and ammonia than mainstream smoke.smoke.

SmokingSmoking

Environmental Smoke/ Secondhand Environmental Smoke/ Secondhand Smoke: Exhaled mainstream smoke and Smoke: Exhaled mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke. This is also known as sidestream smoke. This is also known as passive smoking and involuntary smoking.passive smoking and involuntary smoking.

Cancers Associated with SmokingCancers Associated with Smoking

Causes lung cancer, and increases the Causes lung cancer, and increases the risk of many other cancers.risk of many other cancers.Lung cancer kills more people than any Lung cancer kills more people than any other type of cancer.other type of cancer.Major risk factor for cancer of the throat, Major risk factor for cancer of the throat, mouth, esophagus, pancreas, and mouth, esophagus, pancreas, and bladder.bladder.The American Cancer Society reports that The American Cancer Society reports that 1/3 of all cancer deaths are due to tobacco 1/3 of all cancer deaths are due to tobacco use.use.

CarcinogensCarcinogens

A chemical that is known to cause cancerA chemical that is known to cause cancer

Most carcinogens in tobacco smoke are Most carcinogens in tobacco smoke are found in tarfound in tar

Of the 4,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, Of the 4,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, at least 43 are carcinogensat least 43 are carcinogens

Cilia in the LungsCilia in the Lungs

Hair-like structures that remove dust and Hair-like structures that remove dust and other particles from the airother particles from the air

Prevent harmful substances from reaching Prevent harmful substances from reaching the lungsthe lungs

Harm of Smoking to lung tissueHarm of Smoking to lung tissue

Prevents lungs from functioning properlyPrevents lungs from functioning properly

Tar lines the lungs and air passagesTar lines the lungs and air passages

Harms the ciliaHarms the cilia

Increases risk of infectionIncreases risk of infection

Interferes with ability to breatheInterferes with ability to breathe

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD/COLD)Disease (COPD/COLD)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a general term for a group of (COPD) is a general term for a group of diseases that cause progressive damage diseases that cause progressive damage to your lungs. It is a disease that interferes to your lungs. It is a disease that interferes with breathing.with breathing.

These diseases include chronic bronchitis, These diseases include chronic bronchitis, asthma and emphysema.asthma and emphysema.

C.O.P.D. ContinuedC.O.P.D. Continued

Of the approximate 17-million Americans with Of the approximate 17-million Americans with COPD, nearly 3-million have symptomatic COPD, nearly 3-million have symptomatic emphysema and millions more are in the early emphysema and millions more are in the early stages of the chronic lung disease before signs stages of the chronic lung disease before signs and symptoms appear.and symptoms appear.Unlike asthma, which occurs when the muscles Unlike asthma, which occurs when the muscles in your airways tighten, emphysema causes a in your airways tighten, emphysema causes a loss of elasticity in the walls of the small air sacs loss of elasticity in the walls of the small air sacs in your lungs. Eventually, the walls stretch and in your lungs. Eventually, the walls stretch and break, creating larger, less efficient air sacs that break, creating larger, less efficient air sacs that aren't able to handle the normal exchange of aren't able to handle the normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.oxygen and carbon dioxide.

EmphysemaEmphysema

Alveoli lose most of Alveoli lose most of most of their ability to most of their ability to function properly.function properly.

– Alveoli are small Alveoli are small balloon like structures balloon like structures that attach to the that attach to the bronchial passages.bronchial passages.

– They inflate and They inflate and deflate with inhalation deflate with inhalation and exhalation.and exhalation.

Emphysema ContinuedEmphysema Continued

The lungs lose their ability to inflate and The lungs lose their ability to inflate and hold air.hold air.Air is trapped in the lungs due to a lack of Air is trapped in the lungs due to a lack of supportive tissue, which in-turn decreases supportive tissue, which in-turn decreases blood oxygenation.blood oxygenation.The small balloon like structures burst The small balloon like structures burst instead of inflating and holding air.instead of inflating and holding air.People with emphysema breathe about People with emphysema breathe about 30x’s a minute30x’s a minute

Emphysema ContinuedEmphysema Continued– They can not breathe out!They can not breathe out!– There is no cure. Unfortunately, There is no cure. Unfortunately,

because emphysema develops because emphysema develops gradually over many years, you gradually over many years, you may not experience typical may not experience typical symptoms such as shortness of symptoms such as shortness of breath until irreversible damage breath until irreversible damage has already occurred.has already occurred.

– When emphysema is When emphysema is advanced, you must work so advanced, you must work so hard to expel air from your hard to expel air from your lungs that breathing can lungs that breathing can consume up to 20 percent of consume up to 20 percent of your resting energy. your resting energy.

BronchitisBronchitis– A recurring inflammation of A recurring inflammation of

the bronchial tubes- the the bronchial tubes- the two main tubes/airways two main tubes/airways that connect the wind pipe that connect the wind pipe to the lungsto the lungs

– Causes mucus to line the Causes mucus to line the bronchial tubes- less air is bronchial tubes- less air is then able to flow from the then able to flow from the lungslungs

– Causes deep, harsh Causes deep, harsh coughing and wheezing coughing and wheezing “smokers cough”“smokers cough”

Bronchitis ContinuedBronchitis Continued

Develops in almost all smokers after 10 yearsDevelops in almost all smokers after 10 years

Acute Bronchitis- the most common of the Acute Bronchitis- the most common of the bronchial diseasesbronchial diseases

– results in millions of visits to the doctor per yearresults in millions of visits to the doctor per year– over 95% of the acute causes are caused by over 95% of the acute causes are caused by

viruses viruses

Chronic Bronchitis- Defined by the presence of a Chronic Bronchitis- Defined by the presence of a mucous-laden cough most days of the monthsmucous-laden cough most days of the months

– Once bronchitis begins, secondary bacterial or Once bronchitis begins, secondary bacterial or viral infections often make the condition worse.viral infections often make the condition worse.

– Air pollution and industrial dusts are also risk Air pollution and industrial dusts are also risk factors.factors.

Cardiovascular DiseaseCardiovascular Disease

Smoking speeds up the development of Smoking speeds up the development of cholesterol deposits in the arteries and cholesterol deposits in the arteries and damages the inner lining of the arteries.damages the inner lining of the arteries.Fat deposits reduce the space in the artery Fat deposits reduce the space in the artery through which blood can flowthrough which blood can flowThis causes the risk of developing blood This causes the risk of developing blood clots to increase. clots to increase. A clot in the artery can cause a heart A clot in the artery can cause a heart attackattack

Cardiovascular Disease Cont.Cardiovascular Disease Cont.

A clot in the brain can result in a strokeA clot in the brain can result in a stroke

Smoking can cause an aortic aneurysm. Smoking can cause an aortic aneurysm. This is the bulging in the aorta. The aorta This is the bulging in the aorta. The aorta is the main artery in the body. This is the is the main artery in the body. This is the result of a weakening in an artery wall.result of a weakening in an artery wall.

Smoking raises resting heart rate- Smoking raises resting heart rate- increased inhalation of carbon monoxide increased inhalation of carbon monoxide places extra strain on the heart.places extra strain on the heart.

Other Effects of SmokingOther Effects of Smoking

Heart attack- from blood clots in the Heart attack- from blood clots in the arteriesarteries

Stroke- blood clot in the brainStroke- blood clot in the brain

Leading cause of firesLeading cause of fires

Car accidentsCar accidents

Can develop gum diseaseCan develop gum disease

Can cause or worsen ulcers in the Can cause or worsen ulcers in the stomach and small intestinesstomach and small intestines

Methods to Quit SmokingMethods to Quit Smoking

Nicotine PatchNicotine Patch

Nicotine Chewing GumNicotine Chewing Gum

Nicotine nasal sprayNicotine nasal spray

Nicotine InhalerNicotine Inhaler

Non-nicotine pillNon-nicotine pill

Cold TurkeyCold Turkey

Nicotine PatchNicotine Patch

Worn on the skin of the Worn on the skin of the upper body or armsupper body or arms

It releases nicotine into It releases nicotine into the bloodstream at a the bloodstream at a slow rateslow rate

It does not contain It does not contain cancer-causing cancer-causing chemicalschemicals

Nicotine Chewing GumNicotine Chewing Gum

Chewing gum that Chewing gum that releases nicotine releases nicotine when chewedwhen chewed

Does not contain Does not contain cancer causing cancer causing chemicalschemicals

Non-Nicotine PillNon-Nicotine Pill

Antidepressant that Antidepressant that helps reduce cravings helps reduce cravings and withdrawal and withdrawal

Take 2 pills/day 1-2 Take 2 pills/day 1-2 weeks before quitting weeks before quitting and maintain up to six and maintain up to six monthsmonths

Cold TurkeyCold Turkey

The phrase cold turkey is universally The phrase cold turkey is universally understood to mean to quit smoking understood to mean to quit smoking abruptly, often without forethought or abruptly, often without forethought or preparation, or a gradual reduction in preparation, or a gradual reduction in amount smoked amount smoked

Most popular form for quittingMost popular form for quitting

May also be the most challenging due to May also be the most challenging due to the severity of withdrawal symptoms the severity of withdrawal symptoms

Cold TurkeyCold Turkey

Having strong willpower is importantHaving strong willpower is important

Ultimately your success depends on how Ultimately your success depends on how badly you want to quit and whether or not badly you want to quit and whether or not you believe you can do it.you believe you can do it.

Most DIFFICULT and most SUCCESSFULMost DIFFICULT and most SUCCESSFUL

How to Quit Using TobaccoHow to Quit Using Tobacco

List why you want to quitList why you want to quitDecide when you want to quitDecide when you want to quitMake health behavior contractMake health behavior contractConsider situations in which you usually Consider situations in which you usually have a cigarette/smokeless tobaccohave a cigarette/smokeless tobaccoJoin a tobacco cessation programJoin a tobacco cessation programGet help from othersGet help from othersThrow away all tobacco productsThrow away all tobacco products

How to Quit Using TobaccoHow to Quit Using Tobacco

Be prepared for temptationBe prepared for temptation

Participate in activities to keep your mind Participate in activities to keep your mind off using tobaccooff using tobacco

Get help from health-care professionalsGet help from health-care professionals

Avoid weight gainAvoid weight gain

Keep your guard upKeep your guard up

If you slip and use tobacco, keep trying to If you slip and use tobacco, keep trying to quitquit

Local Health BureauLocal Health BureauResponsible for enforcing the sale of Responsible for enforcing the sale of tobaccotobaccoYou must be 18 in PA to You must be 18 in PA to buybuy tobacco tobacco productsproductsSurgeon General- Spokesperson and Surgeon General- Spokesperson and advocate for health issues and for advocate for health issues and for prevention of diseases. prevention of diseases. Linked all of the Linked all of the following diseases to cigarette smokingfollowing diseases to cigarette smoking::– Lung CancerLung Cancer– EmphysemaEmphysema– Coronary Artery DiseaseCoronary Artery Disease

Advertising P. 430 – 431Advertising P. 430 – 431

How do tobacco companies influence How do tobacco companies influence young people?young people?Must all companies have the same Must all companies have the same warning on their packages?warning on their packages?What do tobacco ads fail to tell people?What do tobacco ads fail to tell people?How do tobacco companies get young How do tobacco companies get young people hooked?people hooked?Where are tobacco companies not allowed Where are tobacco companies not allowed to advertise?to advertise?

Tobacco AdvertisingTobacco AdvertisingP. 430P. 430

Tobacco companies can not advertise on Tobacco companies can not advertise on TV, radio, and in teen magazinesTV, radio, and in teen magazines

Tobacco companies spend billions of Tobacco companies spend billions of dollars each year to influence people to dollars each year to influence people to use tobacco, with the majority of the ads use tobacco, with the majority of the ads aimed at teensaimed at teens

They do not tell you that more than They do not tell you that more than 400,000 people die each your because of 400,000 people die each your because of smokingsmoking