internet pro guide 2014 edition

Internet Pro-Guide For Beginners Edition 2014©

©Seunsmith Networks Innovation 2014

Internet Pro-Guide For Beginner 2014

2 ©Seunsmith Networks Innovation 2014

This Internet Pro-Guide was written, complied, designed, and published by Charisma ICT College.

And this copyright remains the material guide, resources and property of Seunsmith Networks Innovation.

Any alteration, editing, amending and correction, is prohibited without the knowledge, authorization and permission of the Author.

SSEEUUNNSSMMIITTHH NNEETTWWOORRKKSS IINNNNOOVVAATTIIOONN

In partnership with

Charisma ICT College 33, Olanrewaju Ariyibi Crescent, Odo-Eran Bus-Stop,

KM 2 Lasu-Isheri Road, Igando Lagos +234(0)8031941024, +2348056769445, +2348095828440

[email protected] www.seunsmithnetworkinnovation.blogspot.com

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http://www.seunsmithnetworkinnovation.blogspot.com/

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PROFILE

My name is SEUNSMITH RICHARD ELIJAH, the Coordinator of Seunsmith Networks Innovation. I train and motivate individuals, schools, organizations on Desktop Publishing, Applications, Desktop Project management, ICT Network Project

I also specialize in corporate presentations (power-point), data management (Excel), and blogging (Blog). Engage in website training, and development for companies, churches, schools and others.

Run network installation for cyber cafes, schools, and companies. Retailer on laptops, tablets (Pad), desktop computers and other computer accessories.

It is my pleasures to congratulate you for being part of our potential friends, clients, who have purchased our training guide.

Seunsmith Networks Innovation is a partnership company with Charisma ICT College. Our aims and missions are to create and build successful individuals, who will be financially independent and completely free from lack.

The step you take after reading and studying this training guide will really determine how far your conviction will take you in life. Remember, any decision you take now, will affect the reality of where you are going in life. Don’t be deceived by unseen mirage, take a bold step today and secure your future.

Your beautiful future begins now, don’t delay another second. This information is designed just for you at this time to recreate and build magnificent life you desire.



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Glory be to Almighty God for his out pouring unction for making this Internet Pro-Guide possible and reality.

Appreciation also goes to the Seunsmith Networks Innovation and Charisma ICT College, for their supports.

To my staffs, colleagues, partners associates and friends Ajah Wisdom,

Simon Odu, thank you so much, for your contributions.

To my beloved friends Miss. Oluwayemisi Yetunde Oyewole, thank you so much, for your support, loves and cares. I love you so much.

To my siblings Temitope Timothy Adeyelu and Bunmi Teniola

Adeyelu, they are my beautiful family; they really contribute immeasurable effort to my dream. I am grateful to God for having them in my world.

Many thanks to my beloved Parent, Chief Olanrewaju & Yeye Titilayo

Roseline Ariyibi who have played important roles in my journey.



DEDICATION

I dedicate this to Almighty God: whose Power and Mighty Spirit has worked its accomplishment on this book. I also dedicate this to my friend, Glory Ngasa Albert from Tanzania. Also to my Late Father, Evan. Samuel Adeyelu, A.k.a. S G



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Profile: ………………………………………………..………….III

Acknowledgement……………………………. ……….………IV

Dedication: ……………………………………………………....V

Table: ……………………………………………….……..……. VI

Journey Now and Beyond: ………...………………………….IX

Topic One: Introduction to Internet: …………………………………………….10

What is Internet: …………….…...........................................................11

Internet Terminology: …………………………………………….....11

Purpose of Internet: …………………………….……………………18

Types of Internet Browser: .... ..............................................................19

How to use Internet Browser: …..........................................................21

Topic Two: What is a Email: …….…........................................................................22

How to create Email for Personal Use: …………………….............22

Topic Three: What is a Chatting: …............................................................................24

How to Chat with anyone anywhere: …..... ……………….............24

Type of Chatting: …………..................................................................24

Topic Four: Uploading and Download: …............................................................20

What is Uploading: …..........................................................................20

Uploading on a Website: …................................................................20

Uploading on Local Network Server: …...........................................20

What is Downloading: …....................................................................20

Downloading Files & Images: …........................................................21

Downloading Format: ….....................................................................21

Types of Image Editing Tool: ………………………………….…..22

Types of Image Format: …………………………………….……...22



Topic Five: What is a Searching Engine: ……………………………………....23

Types of Search Engine: ….................................................................23

Function of Search Engine: …............................................................23

Topic Six: Introduction to Blogging: …..............................................................24

What is a Blog: …................................................................................24

Types of Blogs: …...............................................................................24

Things Blogger Need to Know: …...................................................26

Topic Seven: Internet PC Basic Shortcut Keys: ……………………………… 27



JOURNEY NOW AND BEYOND The world is growing with unlimited access called the internet! Internet remains the accessible network, communication channels, and real-time service.

With the birth of the internet our lives have been changed so much. To instantly know just anything you can log on to the internet and the answer is right in front of you. The writing of letters changed to writing of e-mails, talking over the phone gave you an option of chat on the net etc. All in all internets has totally revolutionized everyone’s life. Before when one uses to write letters now people have started using net which not only saves time but they can get instant replies too. Sending an e-mail may still be time taking because the reply might not come at the same time. But while on a chat you get immediate reply. Chatting can happen between two people and also there is an option of a group chat where at a time two or more people can chat and for this you don’t have to pay extra a simple internet connection can help you in doing so. Today, Seunsmith Networks Innovation in its quest, want to build new platform for more opportunities and initiatives to help its society and human development to achieve more in its environment.



TOPIC ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET

The history of the Internet began with the development of electronic computers in the 1940s. The first message was sent over the ARPANet, which evolved into the internet, from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), after the second piece of network equipment was installed at Stanford Research Institute (SRI). Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols. The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, in which multiple separate networks could be joined together into a network of networks. In 1982, the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was standardized, and consequently, the concept of a world-wide network of interconnected TCP/IP networks, called the Internet, was introduced. Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when the National Science Foundation (NSF) developed the Computer Science Network (CSNET) and again in 1986 when NSFNET provided access to supercomputer sites in the United States from research and education organizations. Commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990. The Internet was commercialized in 1995 when NSFNET was decommissioned, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic. Since the mid-1990s, the Internet has had a revolutionary impact on culture and commerce, including the rise of near-instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) "phone calls", two-way interactive video calls, and the World Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites. The research and education community continues to develop and use advanced networks such as NSF's very high speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS), Internet2, and National LambdaRail. Increasing amounts of data are transmitted at higher and higher speeds over fiber optic networks operating at 1-Gbit/s, 10-Gbit/s, or more. The Internet's takeover of the global communication landscape was almost instant in historical terms: it only communicated 1% of the information flowing through two-way telecommunications networks in the year 1993, already 51% by 2000, and more than 97% of the telecommunicated information by 2007.[1] Today the Internet continues to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online information, commerce, entertainment, and social networking.



1.1 WHAT IS INTERNET? Internet is a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.

Internet can also be described as a means of connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the world via dedicated routers and servers. When two computers are connected over the Internet, they can send and receive all kinds of information such as text, graphics, voice, video, and computer programs.

1.2 INTERNET TERMINOLOGY

1.2.1 Internet Protocol The Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal communications protocol in the Internet

protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries. Its routing

function enables internetworking, and essentially establishes the Internet.

1.2.2 Web Browser A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. Web browsers coordinate web resources centered around the written web page, such as style sheets, scripts and images, to present the web page.

1.2.2.0 Web Browser Terminologies

1.2.2.1 New Tab This can described as a sub-webpage on a current browser page. Numerous tab pages can be display, which can contain different content. This type of pattern is common on Mozilla Firefox browser. The shortcut key is Ctrl + T

1.2.2.2. New Window This is refers to as new browser window page. The shortcut key is Ctrl + N

1.2.2.3. Save Page As This can described as favorite web content such images, text-info selected or copy for specific purpose. The shortcut key is Ctrl + S

1.2.2.4. Email Link An affiliate link to a merchant site contained in an email newsletter or signature file.

1.2.2.5. History Refers to the list of web pages a user has visited recently—and associated data such as page title and time of visit—which is recorded by web browser software as standard for a certain period of time. Web browser software does this in order to provide the user with a Back button and/or a History list, to go back to pages they have visited previously, rather than relying on the user to remember where they have been on the web.

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/dedicated.html

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/server.html

http://www.investorwords.com/6221/all.html



1.2.2.6. Bookmarks A collection of direct links to predefined web pages which is stored in your web browser. Bookmarks can be created and managed by the user themselves. Most browsers come packaged with several existing bookmarks. The term bookmark is used in browsers such as Firefox,

1.2.2.7. Tools A browser toolbar is a toolbar that resides within a browser's window. All major web browsers provide support to browser toolbar development as a way to extend the browser's GUI and functionality.

1.2.2.9. Add-Ons Refers to a product designed to complement another product.

1.2.2.10. Proxy Is a server (a computer system or an application) that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers. A client connects to the proxy server, requesting some service, such as a file, connection, web page, or other resource available from a different server and the proxy server evaluates the request as a way to simplify and control its complexity.

1.2.3 World Wide Web The World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW or W3, commonly known as the

web) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them via hyperlinks.

1.2.4 Web Page A web page (or webpage) is a web document that is suitable for the World Wide Web and the web browser. A web browser displays a web page on a monitor or mobile device. The web page is what displays, but the term also refers to a computer file, usually written in HTML or comparable markup language, whose main distinction is to provide hypertext that will navigate to other web pages via links.

1.2.5. Website A website, also written as Web site, web site, or simply site, is a set of related web pages served from a single web domain. A website is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network through an Internet address known as a Uniform resource locator. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web.

1.2.6 Web Server The term web server can refer to either the hardware (the computer) or the software (the computer application) that helps to deliver web content that can be accessed through the Internet.



1.2.7 Email Email (formerly spelled e-mail with a hyphen) is electronic mail. It is the sending and receiving of typewritten messages from one screen to another. Email is usually handled by a webmail service (e.g. Gmail or Yahoomail), or an installed software package (e.g. Microsoft Outlook). Email has many cousins: text messaging, instant messaging, live chat, videomail (v-mail), Google Waving.

1.2.12. Malware Malware is the broad term to describe any malicious software designed by hackers. Malware includes: viruses, trojans, ratware, keyloggers, zombie programs, and any other software that seeks to do one of four things: 1. vandalize your computer in some way

2. steal your private information

3. take remote control of your computer ('zombie' your computer) for other ends

4. manipulate you into purchasing something

1.2.14 Keywords and Tags/Labels Keywords are search terms used to locate documents. Keywords are anywhere from one to five words long, separated by spaces or commas: e.g. "horseback riding calgary" e.g. "ipad purchasing advice" e.g. "ebay tips selling". Keywords are the foundation for cataloging the Web, and the primary means by which you and I will find anything on the Web.

1.2.23 Trojan A Trojan is a special kind of hacker program that relies on the user to welcome it and activate it. Named after the famous Trojan horse tale, a trojan program masquerades as a legitimate file or software program. Sometimes it will be an innocent-looking movie file, or an installer that pretends to be actual anti-hacker software. The power of the Trojan attack comes from users naively downloading and running the Trojan file.

1.3 PURPOSE OF INTERNET

Inner Reasons for the Internet We can account for the outer reasons, purpose, and utility of the Internet, but what of the "inner" ones? Here are several: It allows people to focus on what is truly meaningful in life, as the more

mundane details can quickly be found there. It makes way for the spiritual life, as the mental knowledge is always at hand. It enables every individual to fulfill his or her own individual potential. It enables humanity to fulfill its potential. It transcends income and social status. It enables the individual to think for himself -- beyond the view of the herd --

and thus become a True Individual. It allows self-education; reflecting our deepest, soul interests.



It allows for Human Unity through its collaborative capacity. It reflects the fact that man is becoming more mental and rational. That he is

more open and amenable to the many side of an issue, which can be found there.

It enables instantaneousness, overcoming space and time. It opens up infinite possibilities for success, for new services, possibilities in

every field. It gives all access to the infinite in all planes -- beginning with knowledge. It combines many past technical functions (phone, TV, library, etc.) into one. It gives the profoundest of knowledge that will enable our more rapid

evolution. It is the great unifier, equalizer, and vehicle for transcendence.

1.4 TYPES OF INTERNET BROWSER Here are several internet browser used around the world today. The first internet browser used many years back was internet explorer, but due to its inability to access some website, also very slow internet users neglect the usage.

Few year later, Mozilla Firefox took the Internet Explorer place, remain one and widely used by the internet users. Likewise Google Chrome and Opera Mini are also topping the internet user interest.

Internet Explorer Mozilla Firefox Google Chrome Safari

Opera Mini Netscape Camino SeaMonkey K-Meleon

Galeon Konqueror Maxthon Flock Lunascape

Amaya iCab Midori Uzbi KidZui RockMelt



Voyager Dillo Slim KidRocket Epic

GNU IceCat Comodo Arora Crazy Iron

ShenzBrowser Swiftweasel Enigma Kazehakase Shiira

Avant Orca xB Browser Sleipnir Space Time

Browser 3D Bitty Browser Rekonq Lobo Java

Elinks Test WWW Epiphany Grail Browser Fluid Browser

Ibrowser The World Browser Classilla TT Browser Pink Browser

NetSurf Nuke Acoo Timeberwolf Pale Moon



WebPositive SlimBoat Dooble MenuBox Chromium Google

Ultra Browser ZAC Browser Kylo Swiftfox GreenBrowser

TenFourFox Wyzo Media Comfort QupZilla CometBird

QtWeb Deepnet Explorer Stainless Xtravo

1.5 HOW TO USE INTERNET BROWSER

Internet Browser varies from one and other. Let make use of Mozilla Firefox Browser being the popular and most widely used. Below are

the following items and icon needed to be familiar with! On your computer, you will see an icon that look like this above logo, double click on it, a Mozilla Firefox window browsing page will come up.



TOPIC TWO

2.1. WHAT IS AN INTERNET EMAIL Internet Email can be described as an electronic mail, or e-mail, that stores messages in an inbox. Technicians sometimes describe it as an electronic equivalent to a regular mailbox.

How Email Mailboxes Work Email addresses contain the secrets to how email mailboxes work. They usually look something like this: [email protected]. Everything before the @ is the name of the mailbox. You name the mailbox when you set up your email address. Everything after the @ refers to your email service provider. Your email service provider has a server on which they store data. This server is like a post office. Messages travel to this server over the Internet in the form of electronic data. The messages use the name of your service provider in the email address to locate the specific post office, or server, you use. The company server stores all the email messages you get from other people. Inside this "post office" are lots of separate post boxes, or inboxes.

Mailboxes and Aliases An alias is another email address. It forwards everything in your original email inbox to another inbox. This is useful if you've created multiple email addresses but only want to log into one account to see all of your messages.

Benefits Although some providers charge for their email services because of all the bells and whistles they include, many providers don't charge you anything. It is environmentally friendly, since you don't need to use paper. It is much faster than traditional mail and accessible from more locations than regular mail. Lastly, email makes it very easy to conduct business online, since companies can use your email address to confirm orders and transactions.

Concerns Crooks and businesspeople sometimes send out spam, or junk email messages, which clutter your electronic mailbox. Some of these spam messages trick you into giving out personal data, such as bank account information, which puts you at risk for fraud and identity theft. Additionally, people who are particularly tech savvy may be able to take advantage of technological loopholes in order to access your messages if the server and your Internet connection aren't protected properly.

2.2. HOW TO CREATE EMAIL FOR PERSONAL USE There’re several site you can open email with, but the most popular and recognize

that can keep your email account activate are listed here as follow, Yahoo,

Gmail, Hotmail, etc.



Website Logo 2.2.1

Although, there’re other sites who also deals with mailing, like social network sites, such Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, ImagineNations Network etc.

Website Logo 2.2.2

But, the above websites mailing facilities varies with Yahoo, Gmail and Hotmail mailing account.

The differences between yahoo and facebook: Yahoo can receive message from different network, such Gmail or hotmail, Facebook and many others. Besides, most messages that can be received from facebook are mostly notification of what is happening on the social networking sites.

While, Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin and ImagineNations Network receive messages within the network only, such friends, colleagues and family. The messages are received with the people you connected with on the same network. No outside message can be receive to the inbox to the listed website above, except website link of another website. Yahoo Signup Page Diagram 2.2



TOPIC THREE

3.1 WHAT IS INTERNET CHAT? This can be described as the internet electronic chatting where one can communicate by exchanging text and picture with another person who is also on the chat room on another computer; usually on the same internet network, for example Yahoo messenger; MSN, Facebook and many more. Below are the lists of popular internet chatting sites:

However, a chat room gives an option to the users to post as many messages as they want they cannot have an interaction. You can apply on a chat room of your choice once the selection is the user selects the id or a user name and a password for security reasons. 3.2 HOW TO LOG-IN TO CHAT

Since you an existing yahoo email account, just type your ID and Password name i.e. Yahoo ID: seunsmithinnovation and Password: networks

3.3 TYPES OF INTERNET CHAT

3.3.1 Yahoo chat 3.3.2 Google Chat 3.3.3 Facebook Chat



TOPIC FOUR

4.1 UPLOADING AND DOWNLOADING "Uploading" and "downloading" are terms used to refer to types of electronic data transfers. The difference between them is the direction in which the files are being transferred. Files are considered to be uploaded when they are transferred from a computer or other electronic device to a central server, and downloading is when the files are transferred from a server to a smaller peripheral unit, such as a computer, Smartphone or other device. These two different types of transfers are often done via the Internet, such as when a file is downloaded from a website. The transfer of data from one system or device to a similar system or device, such as from a desktop computer to a laptop, usually is not considered uploading or downloading.

4.2 WHAT IS UPLOADING? Uploading is the transmission of a file from one computer system to another, usually larger computer system. From a network user's point-of-view, to upload a file is to send it to another computer that is set up to receive it. The most common type of uploading is when a user uploads a digital file to an Internet site. For example, a user might upload vacation photos to a social networking website or a home video to a video sharing site. The uploaded files are then stored on the website's servers and can be seen by anyone who has Internet access and, if necessary, the right software for viewing it.

4.2.1 UPLOADING ON A WEBSITE Other websites allow users to upload digital files for storage. This can allow users to store more files or larger files than would be possible to store on their own computer or device because of its limited storage capacity. Uploading files to storage websites also allows other users or other devices to have access to them. Permission to access the files can be granted to only certain people, or the files could be made public for anyone to access.

4.2.2 UPLOADING ON LOCAL NETWORK SERVER Another type of uploading also takes place within a closed computer system, such as one within a single office building or one that connects a group of businesses. These types of systems typically have servers to store information that needs to be shared among multiple computers or devices. Digital files can be uploaded from any computer or device that is connected to the system, and then it can be downloaded or accessed by any other user in the system.

4.3.0 WHAT IS DOWNLOADING? This is described as the electronic files or information which are transferred from a central system (server or internet) to a computer or device that is connected to that system, it is considered downloading. Files can be downloaded temporarily and then deleted after they have been used once, or they can be downloaded on a more permanent basis and used for a long



period of time. For example, a funny video file might be downloaded from the Internet and soon deleted after it has been watched, but a helpful application might be downloaded and used for months or years.

4.3.1 DOWNLOADING FILES AND IMAGES Downloaded files are sometimes automatically stored in a particular location on the computer or device, and they are automatically accessed from that location when needed. An example of this is an application that is downloaded to a Smartphone — the user typically cannot control where the app is stored on the phone, it is simply stored where the phone stores all of its apps. In other cases, the user can choose where the downloaded files will be stored. For example, a laptop user might download a music file to a specific folder for music or another type of file to the computer's desktop, where it can be found quickly.

4.4.0 TYPES OF DOWNLOADING FORMAT

Portable Document Format files (.pdf)

Microsoft Word files (.doc)

WordPerfect files (.wpf)

Executable files (.exe)

Zip files (.zip)

Microsoft Access files (.mdb)

Microsoft Excel files (.xls)

Joint Photographic Expert Group (.jpeg)

4.4.1 Portable Document Format files (.pdf) Portable document format was designed to preserve a document's page layout, regardless of the computer platform being used. To view or download these files you need Adobe® Acrobat® Reader® which can be downloaded for free from the Adobe site. Note that unless you acquire special software, pdf documents cannot be modified even if you download them.

4.4.2 Microsoft Word files (.doc) We recommend downloading MS Word files and opening them using MS Word. Word files can also be viewed using special viewers such as Quick View Plus, but page layout and paragraph numbering may differ from the original document.

4.4.3 WordPerfect files (.wpf) Some older files on the WTO website are available in WordPerfect 5.1/5.2 format. Note that most of these are also available in pdf format. We recommend downloading WordPerfect files and opening them using MS Word. WordPerfect files can also be viewed using special viewers such as Quick View Plus, but page layout and paragraph numbering may differ from the original document.



4.4.4 Executable files (.exe) Executable or .exe files perform an action when run locally on your computer once they have been downloaded and saved on your hard disk. For example, an .exe file might decompress itself to produce a number of documents, or it might install software when you run it by double-clicking. We recommend that you move each downloaded .exe file into its own folder before running it. Note that .exe files from the WTO site will run only on MS Windows-based machines.

4.4.5 Zip files (.zip) Zip is a compression format used to reduce downloading times. ―Zipped‖ files can be decompressed using software freely available from www.winzip.com

4.4.6 Microsoft Access files (.mdb) Microsoft Access is a database format which will allow you to sort and modify data. You need a full version of MS Access software to open files in this format. In some cases (e.g. schedules of concessions and commitments on goods) data is provided in this format on the WTO website.

4.4.7 Microsoft Excel files (.xls) Microsoft Excel is spreadsheet software, designed to manipulate and view numerical data such as statistics. We recommend downloading MS Excel files and opening them using MS Excel or other spreadsheet software. Excel files can also be viewed in your browser window using a special viewer such as Quick View, but page layout may differ from the original document.

4.4.8 Joint Photographic Expert Group (.jpeg) The Joint Photographic Expert Group - is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital photography. The degree of compression can be adjusted, allowing a selectable tradeoff between storage size and image quality.

4.5.0. TYPES OF PICTURE EDITING TOOLS

1. Microsoft Paint 2. Microsoft Office Picture Manager 3. Corel Draw 4. Adobe Package

4.5.1 TYPES OF PICTURE FORMAT 1. Joint Photographic Expert Group (.jpeg) 2. Graphics Interchange Format (.gif) 3. Portable Network Graphics (.png) 4. Bitmap (Bitmap)



TOPIC FIVE

SEARCH ENGINE

5.1 WHAT IS A SEARCH ENGINE

Search engine is a program that searches and identifies items in a database that correspond to keywords or characters specified by the user, used especially for finding particular sites on the Internet.

5.2 TYPES OF SEARCH ENGINE Almost all websites are created or built with search engine port section, where one can find available resources or information.

There are several search engine sites, such as google, being the most widely used.

Google is mostly pure search engine sites, who has fashioned its server with latest

database software that store information.

5.2 FUNCTION OF SEARCH ENGINE 1. Crawling: The crawler, or web spider, is a vital software component of the

search engine. It essentially sorts through the Internet to find website addresses

and the contents of a website for storage in the search engine database.

Crawling can scan brand new information on the Internet or it can locate older

data. Crawlers have the ability to search a wide range of websites at the same

time and collect large amounts of information simultaneously. This allows the

search engine to find current content on an hourly basis.

2. Indexing: Once the search engine has crawled the contents of the Internet, it

indexes that content based on the occurrence of keyword phrases in each

individual website. This allows a particular search query and subject to be

found easily. Keyword phrases are the particular group of words used by an

individual to search a particular topic.

3. Storage: Storing web content within the database of the search engine is

essential for fast and easy searching. The amount of content available to the

user is dependent on the amount of storage space available. Larger search

engines like Google and Yahoo are able to store amounts of data ranging in the

terabytes, offering a larger source of information available for the user.

4. Results: Results are the hyperlinks to websites that show up in the search

engine page when a certain keyword or phrase is queried. When you type in a

search term, the crawler runs through the index and matches what you typed

with other keywords. Algorithms created by the search engine designers are

used to provide the most relevant data first. Each search engine has its own set

of algorithms and therefore returns different results.



TOPIC SIX

B L O G G I N G

6.1 INTRODUCTION TO BLOGGING A blog ('web log') is a modern online writer's column. Amateur and professional writers publish their blogs on most every kind of topic: their hobby interest in paintball and tennis, their opinions on health care, their commentaries on celebrity gossip, photo blogs of favorite pictures, tech tips on using Microsoft Office. Absolutely anyone can start a blog, and some people actually make reasonable incomes by selling advertising on their blog pages. Web logs are usually arranged chronologically, and with less formality than a full website. Blogs vary in quality from very amateurish to very professional. It costs nothing to start your own personal blog.

6.2 WHAT IS A BLOG? "Blog" is an abbreviated version of "weblog," which is a term used to describe web sites that maintain an ongoing chronicle of information. A blog features diary-type commentary and links to articles on other Web sites, usually presented as a list of entries in reverse chronological order. Blogs range from the personal to the political, and can focus on one narrow subject or a whole range of subjects.

6.3 TYPES OF BLOG 1. WordPress: (http://wordpress.com) this one is number one for one main

reason, it does not have ads on your blog. You can set up your layout, color scheme, theme and everything just the way you want it. Not only can you install WordPress on your own sites, you can use the same software on their site and save yourself all of the technical work. You do not have to install anything, but you can if you choose to.

2. Blogger/BlogSpot (http://blogger.com) This one is one of most commonly used

blogs, linking to others is quite easy and updating it is very user-friendly. You also have the option of deleting comments, which is nice for those who don’t want people advertising on their blogs.

3. LiveJournal (http://livejournal.com) Not only is this a great blog, but it a great

tool for writers. There are hundreds of groups set up designed to let you join a writing challenge. For anyone who is looking to have their skills as a writer tested, this is the place

for you. Customizable theme, avatars, layouts and a few more things you can get if you want to pay for them, but I did that a few years back, not really worth the money.



4. Vox (http://vox.com): A personal blogging service where people share thoughts, photos, videos with friends and family.

5. BlogSome (blogsome.com): BlogSome is the fastest growing blog host in the world (in percentage terms) Was voted Forbes Best of The Web pick. Based out of Ireland, this site uses the WordPress MU platform, large choice of themes.

6. Xanga (www.xanga.com): This is more community-centric blogging, including Friends lists.

7. MySpace (www.myspace.com): This is more community-centric blogging, but you get all sorts of layout and backgrounds to play with. There are so many websites dedicated to making backgrounds and goodies for MySpace it is not funny.

8. Facebook: (www.facebook.com) On Facebook, you can have ―Notes‖ which are viewed by your friends. If you want only friends and family to see this, you have the option on Facebook.

9. Insane Journal (InsaneJournal.com) – Another site based on the same software that runs LiveJournal, offers free and paid accounts, paid benefits are only enhancements.

10. Journal Fen (JournalFen.net) – Runs on the same platform as LiveJournal platform, very much directed towards various topics and is meant for users 18 and older.

11. BlogABond (Blogabond.com) – A site dedicated to travel blogs with map integration and more.

12. Blog Cheese (BlogCheese.com) – A video blogging website. Nothing to do with cheese.

13. Busy Thumbs (BusyThumbs.com)- A blog site specifically for your text messages and camera phone images.

14. FreeVlog (Freevlog) – Designed for video blogging and completely free. 15. Trippert (Trippert.com) – Create and share blogs of your travels. 16. Word Count Journal (http://www.wordcountjournal.com) – A new blogging

format that is also part challenge. Write one word on the first day, two words on the second day and so on, at the end of the year you’ll have written 66,795 words. I have five novels going on here and one more book on religion. This makes writing fun, it also counts your words for you so you don’t write too many.



6.4 THINGS BLOGGERS NEED TO KNOW In addition to understanding how your specific blogging software works, such as WordPress, there are some terms and concepts you need to know.

6.4.1 Archives

A blog is also a good way to keep track of articles on a site. A lot of blogs feature an archive based on dates (like a monthly or yearly archive). The front page of a blog may feature a calendar of dates linked to daily archives. Archives can also be based on categories featuring all the articles related to a specific category. It does not stop there; you can also archive your posts by author or alphabetically. The possibilities are endless. This ability to organize and present articles in a composed fashion is much of what makes blogging a popular personal publishing tool.

6.4.2 Feeds A Feed is a function of special software that allows "Feedreaders" to access a site automatically looking for new content and then post updates about that new content to another site. This provides a way for users to keep up with the latest and hottest information posted on different blogging sites. Some Feeds include RSS (alternately defined as "Rich Site Summary" or "Really Simple Syndication"), Atom or RDF files. Dave Shea, author of the web design weblog Mezzoblue has written a comprehensive summary of feeds.

6.4.3 Blogrolls

A blogroll is a list, sometimes categorized, of links to webpages the author of a blog finds worthwhile or interesting. The links in a blogroll are usually to other blogs with similar interests. The blogroll is often in a "sidebar" on the page or featured as a dedicated separate web page. WordPress has a built-in Link Manager so users do not have to depend on a third party for creating and managing their blogroll.

6.4.4 Syndication

A feed is a machine readable (usually XML) content publication that is updated regularly. Many weblogs publish a feed (usually RSS, but also possibly Atom and RDF and so on, as described above). There are tools out there that call themselves "feedreaders". What they do is they keep checking specified blogs to see if they have been updated, and when the blogs are updated, they display the new post, and a link to it, with an excerpt (or the whole contents) of the post.

6.4.5 Managing Comments

One of the most exciting features of blogging tools are the comments. This highly interactive feature allows users to comment upon article posts, link to your posts, and comment on and recommend them. These are known as trackbacks and pingbacks. We'll also discuss how to moderate and manage comments and how to deal with the annoying trend in "comment spam", when unwanted comments are posted to your blog.

http://codex.wordpress.org/Getting_Started_with_WordPress



TOPIC SEVEN

7.0 INTERNET BROWSERS BASIC PC KEYBOARD SHORTCUT KEYS

N/S SHORTCUT KEYS DESCRIPTIONS

1. Ctrl + T New Tab

2. Ctrl + N New Window

3. Ctrl + S Save Page As

4. Ctrl + Shift + H Browser Bookmarks

5. Ctrl + J Download

6. Ctrl + Shift + A Add-ons

7. Ctrl+ Shift + P New Private Window

8. Ctrl + O Open File

9. Ctrl + P Print

10. Ctrl + A Select All

11. Ctrl + F Find

12. Ctrl + + Zoom in

13. Ctrl + - Zoom out

14. Ctrl + 0 (Zero) Reset

15. Ctrl + B Bookmark

16. Ctrl + H History

17. Ctrl + / Add-on Bar

18. Ctrl + Shift + Del Clear Recent History

19. Ctrl + Shift + B Show All Bookmarks

20. Ctrl + D Bookmarks this Page

21. Ctrl + Shift + I Toogle Tools

22. Ctrl + Shift + K Web Console

23. Ctrl + Shift + C Inspector

24. Ctrl + Shift + S Debuggar

25. Shift + F7 Style Editor

26. Shift + F5 Profiler

27. Ctrl+ Shift + Q Network

28. Shift + F2 Developer Toolbar

29. Ctrl + Shift + J Browser Console

30. Ctrl + Shift + M Responsive Design View

31. Shift + F4 Scratchpad

32. Ctrl + U Page Source

internet pro guide 2014 edition

Education