International VAT/GST Guidelines publishedby OECD in April, 2014

Ottawa Taxation Framework Conditions(1998)◦ Neutrality

◦ Efficiency

◦ Certainty and Simplicity

◦ Effectiveness and fairness

◦ Flexibility

Does the Model GST Law achieve the above?

Section 2(17) – “business”◦ Mazagaon Dock (SC)

Section 2(19) – capital goods – value of which is capitalized in the books ofaccounts and which are used or intended to be used in course of or furtherance ofbusiness – Earlier Draft - Rule 2(a) of the Cenvat Credit Rules, 2004 – No schedule– No chapter heading ?

Section 2(30) – composite supply – naturally bundled and supplied in conjunctionwith each other in ordinary course of business, one of which is the principalsupply◦ Daelim Industrial Corporation (SC)◦ Larsen & Toubro (SC)

Section 2(28) – Consideration “includes”..◦ Monetary value of any act or forbearance …◦ Deposit not consideration unless applied as consideration for the supply◦ Emerald Leisures (AAR)◦ Hanuman Cotton Mills V/s Tata Aircraft (SC)

No definition earlier – Now, no parity with section 5 of the Indian Contract Act Can forfeited deposit be considered as consideration for a supply? Is barter of goods covered?

◦ Devi Das Gopal Das (SC)

Section 2(61) – Input service distributor – Rule 2(m) of the Cenvat CreditRules ISD deemed to be supplier of services – Meaning ?

Section 2(59) – input – any goods other than capital goods – meaning?◦ Different tax treatment ?

Section 2(60) – input service – used or “intended to be used” in courseof or furtherance of business – Earlier Draft - by a supplier for makingoutward supply◦ Rompelman (ECJ)◦ Cadila Healthcare (Guj HC)

Section 2(19) – Capital goods – value of which is capitalized in the booksof accounts and used or intended to be used in the course of orfurtherance of business

Section 2(67) – inward supply - receipt of goods or services – whetherfor consideration or not – See Schedule I

Section 16(1)- Rule 3(1) of CCR –◦ Every “registered person” shall be entitled to take

credit of input tax – Draft – “registered taxableperson”

◦ Registered person?

◦ If not registered – Mportal Wireless (Kar HC)?

◦ Minerva Mills (SC)

Used or “intended to be used”

Section 16(2) – Section 16(11) of Draft - conditions:◦ Possession of tax invoice, debit note or such other duty paying

documents Debit note?

Jaquar & Co (Tri) – Pharma Lab (Tri)

◦ Received the goods or services◦ Tax charged has been “actually paid” to the credit of the

appropriate government either in cash or through utilization ofinput tax credit admissible Onerous or not? Valid ? Mahalakshmi Cotton Mills (Bom HC)

◦ Filed a return under section 27◦ Proviso – 180 days, added to output tax liability, along with

interest◦ Received in lots – take credit on receipt of last lot of instalment

Section 16(3) – Depreciation and Creditcannot be availed simultaneously on capitalgoods

Section 16 (4) – No credit after month ofSeptember following the end of financial yearto which such invoice relates or furnishing ofthe relevant annual return, which ever isearlier

Section 17(1)- Section 16(5) of earlier Draft -goods or services are used by registered taxableperson partly for purpose of any business andpartly for “other purposes”, the amount of creditshall be restricted to so much as is attributableto purposes of his business◦ “Other purposes” – meaning?◦ “Private purpose” or “personal use” or “personalconsumption” ?

◦ Initially not for business purpose, but later used –whether credit available? Lennarttz (ECJ)

Spenta International (Tri-LB)

Section 17(2) – Section 16 (6) of Earlier Draft–Similar to Rule 6(1) of CCR – wheregoods/services are used for effecting taxablesupplies and non-taxable supplies, includingexempt supplies – does not include zerorated supplies◦ Exempt Supply includes RCM, transactions in

securities, sale of land and sale of building

◦ Meaning?

◦ Reason?

Section 17(4) – banking companies – similar to existing provision –However, balance credit shall lapse◦ Why?

Section 17(5) - Section 16 (9) of Earlier Draft – Old Legacy continues …◦ Motor vehicles

Insurance, maintenance and repair of motor vehicle?

◦ Goods or services in relation to outdoor catering, beauty treatment, health services …when such goods/services are “primarily for personal use or consumption of anyemployee” – used in Draft law - deleted in the New law

◦ Goods or services acquired by principal in execution of works contract when suchcontracts results in immovable property

◦ Goods and services used for personal consumption

◦ Goods lost, stolen, destroyed, written off or disposed of by way of gift or freesamples

Telephone?

Charles Jigmens (ECJ) – part private use of holiday home ?

“Plant and machinery” – apparatus etc fixed toearth by foundation or structural support –Rule 2(a) of the CCR◦ Bellary Iron and Steel (Kar HC)

◦ Sai Sahmita Storage Services (AP HC)

Excludes◦ land, building and other civil structures,

◦ Telecommunication towers and

Bharti Airtel (Bom HC)

◦ pipelines laid outside the factory

Vikram Cement (SC)

Section 18(1) – Section 16(2) of Earlier Draft – A personwho has applied for registration under the Act within 30days from the date on which he becomes liable toregistration and has been granted registration shall beentitled to take input tax credit of inputs held in stock,contained in work in progress and contained in finishedgoods◦ Meaning ?◦ Input Services ?◦ Past Litigation ?

Section 16(2A) of Earlier Draft – A person who takesregistration under 19(3), shall be entitled to take input taxcredit of inputs held in stock, contained in work inprogress and contained in finished goods◦ Though not liable to be registered◦ Erstwhile Section 5A(1) – proviso ?◦ Passing on credit ?

Section 18(5) –Section 16(4) of Earlier Draftsaid amount shall be calculated in accordancewith generally accepted accounting principlesin such manner “as may be prescribed”. Now,only says “as may be prescribed”

Section 18(6) - Rule 4(5) of CCR- Payment oftax on capital goods on which credit has beenavailed

Section 18(2) – Section 16(3A) of earlier draft -time limit of one year

Section 18(3) - Section 16 (8) of Earlier Draft –Similar to Rule 10 of CCR - where change onaccount of sale, merger etc, credit shall beallowed to be transferred

Section 18 (4) - Section 16(3) of Earlier Draft –registered taxable person ceased to pay taxunder section 8 (composition scheme), he shallbe entitled to take credit of input tax of inputsheld in stock, contained in work in progress andcontained in finished goods

Section 6(16) of Earlier Draft – Rule 14 of CCR– cenvat has been taken wrongly, recovered inthe manner prescribed◦ Does not find mention in current Act – Implication?

◦ Taken ? Utilized ? Availed ?

◦ Sagar Twister (Tri-Mum)

◦ Bombay Dyeing (SC)

Job Work – “means undertaking any treatmentor process by a person on goods belongingto another registered taxable person and theexpression “job worker” shall be construedaccordingly”

Section 19(1) – Principal can take credit oninputs sent to job worker for job work

Section 19(2) – credit on inputs even if theinputs are sent directly to a job worker forjob work without being first brought to hisplace of business

Section 19(3) – when not received within oneyear – deemed to have been supplied – onday when sent out◦ Sent directly – date of receipt of inputs by job

worker

Section 19(4) – credit of tax paid on capitalgoods

Section 19(5) - credit on capital goods even ifsent directly to a job worker for job work withoutbeing first brought to his place of business

Section 19(6) – when not received within threeyear – deemed to have been supplied – on daywhen sent out◦ Sent directly – date of receipt of inputs by job worker

Section 19(7) – nothing shall apply to moulds anddies, jigs and fixtures or tools sent out to a jobworker

Section 143(1) – Rule 4(5)(a) of CCR – Shall sendinputs or capital goods, under intimation,without payment of tax, to job worker andreceive the same back in one/three years

Section 143(2) – Responsibility of properaccounts shall lie with principal

Section 143(3) – Similar to section 19(3)

Section 143 (4) Similar to section 19(6) above

Section 143(5) – Waste and scrap – cleared onpayment of tax by job worker, if not registered,then principal

Rule 10A of the Valuation Rules – Absent ?

Can goods be sent to job worker on payment of GST?

Whether goods supplied by Principal –included in turnover of Job worker ?

Can goods be cleared directly from thepremises of the job worker?

Is special procedure applicable for all goods?

Section 139(1) - On and from the appointed day, everyperson registered under any of the existing laws andhaving a valid Permanent Account Number shall beissued a certificate of registration on provisionalbasis, subject to such conditions and in such formand manner as may be prescribed, which unlessreplaced by a final certificate of registration undersub-section (2), shall be liable to be cancelled if theconditions so prescribed are not complied with.• Any of the existing laws? If not registered?

A registered person, other than a person opting to pay tax under section 10,shall be entitled to take, in his electronic credit ledger, the amount of CENVATcredit carried forward in the return relating to the period ending with the dayimmediately preceding the appointed day, furnished by him under the existinglaw in such manner as may be prescribed:

Provided … following circumstances, namely:—(i) where the said amount of credit is not admissible as input tax credit underthis Act; or(ii) where he has not furnished all the returns required under the existing law forthe period of six months immediately preceding the appointed date; or(iii) where the said amount of credit relates to goods manufactured and clearedunder such exemption notifications as are notified by the Government.◦ Credit not available under Earlier Act? Section 143 of earlier Draft◦ Traders?◦ Service providers – VAT paid on inputs?◦ Only exemptions covered – non-taxable /Nil rate/Abatement?

Unavailed Capital Goods Credit – A registered person, otherthan a person opting to pay tax under section 10, shall beentitled to take, in his electronic credit ledger, credit of theunavailed CENVAT credit in respect of capital goods, notcarried forward in a return, furnished under the existinglaw by him, for the period ending with the day immediatelypreceding the appointed day in such manner as may beprescribed :

Provided that the registered person shall not be allowed totake credit unless the said credit was admissible as CENVATcredit under the existing law and is also admissible as inputtax credit under this Act.

A registered person, who was not liable to be registered underthe existing law, or who was engaged in the manufacture ofexempted goods or provision of exempted services, or who wasproviding works contract service and was availing of the benefitof notification No. 26/2012—Service Tax, dated the 20th June,2012 or a first stage dealer or a second stage dealer or aregistered importer or a depot of a manufacturer, shall beentitled to take, in his electronic credit ledger, credit of “eligibleduties” in respect of inputs held in stock and inputs contained insemi-finished or finished goods held in stock on the appointedday subject to the following conditions, namely:-◦ (i) such inputs or goods are used or intended to be used for making

taxable supplies under this Act;◦ (ii) the said registered person is eligible for input tax credit on such inputs

under this Act;◦ (iii) the said registered person is in possession of invoice or other

prescribed documents evidencing payment of duty under the existing lawin respect of such inputs;

◦ (iv) such invoices or other prescribed documents were issued not earlierthan twelve months immediately preceding the appointed day; and

◦ (v) the supplier of services is not eligible for any abatement under this Act Input Services?

Provided that where a registered person, otherthan a manufacturer or a supplier of services, isnot in possession of an invoice or any otherdocuments evidencing payment of duty inrespect of inputs, then, such registered personshall, subject to such conditions, limitations andsafeguards as may be prescribed, including thatthe said taxable person shall pass on the benefitof such credit by way of reduced prices to therecipient, be allowed to take credit at such rateand in such manner as may be prescribed.

A registered person, who was engaged in themanufacture of taxable as well as exempted goodsunder the Central Excise Act, 1944 or provision oftaxable as well as exempted services under Chapter Vof the Finance Act, 1994, but which are liable to taxunder this Act, shall be entitled to take, in hiselectronic credit ledger,— (a) the amount of CENVATcredit carried forward in a return furnished under theexisting law by him in accordance with the provisionsof sub-section (1); and (b) the amount of CENVATcredit of eligible duties in respect of inputs held instock and inputs contained in semi-finished orfinished goods held in stock on the appointed day,relating to such exempted goods or services, inaccordance with the provisions of sub-section (3)

A registered person shall be entitled to take, in hiselectronic credit ledger, credit of eligible duties and taxesin respect of inputs or input services received on or afterthe appointed day but the duty or tax in respect of whichhas been paid by the supplier under the existing law,subject to the condition that the invoice or any other dutyor tax paying document of the same was recorded in thebooks of account of such person within a period of thirtydays from the appointed day:

Provided that the period of thirty days may, on sufficientcause being shown, be extended by the Commissioner fora further period not exceeding thirty days: Providedfurther that said registered person shall furnish astatement, in such manner as may be prescribed, inrespect of credit that has been taken under this sub-section.

A registered person, who was either paying tax at a fixed rate orpaying a fixed amount in lieu of the tax payable under theexisting law shall be entitled to take, in his electronic creditledger, credit of eligible duties in respect of inputs held in stockand inputs contained in semi-finished or finished goods held instock on the appointed day subject to the following conditions,

namely:––(i) such inputs or goods are used or intended to be used formaking taxable supplies under this Act;(ii) the said registered person is not paying tax under section 10;(iii) the said registered person is eligible for input tax credit onsuch inputs under this Act;(iv) the said registered person is in possession of invoice or otherprescribed documents evidencing payment of duty under theexisting law in respect of inputs; and(v) such invoices or other prescribed documents were issued notearlier than twelve months immediately preceding the appointedday.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrarycontained in this Act, the input tax credit onaccount of any services received prior to theappointed day by an Input Service Distributorshall be eligible for distribution as creditunder this Act even if the invoices relating tosuch services are received on or after theappointed day.

Where a registered person having centralised registration under theexisting law has obtained a registration under this Act, such person shallbe allowed to take, in his electronic credit ledger, credit of the amountof CENVAT credit carried forward in a return, furnished under theexisting law by him, in respect of the period ending with the dayimmediately preceding the appointed day in such manner as may be

prescribed:

Provided that if the registered person furnishes his return for the periodending with the day immediately preceding the appointed day withinthree months of the appointed day, such credit shall be allowed subjectto the condition that the said return is either an original return or arevised return where the credit has been reduced from that claimedearlier:

Provided further that the registered person shall not be allowed to takecredit unless the said amount is admissible as input tax credit under thisAct:

Provided also that such credit may be transferred to any of theregistered persons having the same Permanent Account Number forwhich the centralised registration was obtained under the existing law.

Where any CENVAT credit availed for theinput services provided under the existinglaw has been reversed due to non-payment ofthe consideration within a period of threemonths, such credit can be reclaimed subjectto the condition that the registered personhas made the payment of the considerationfor that supply of services within a period ofthree months from the appointed day.

(1) Where any inputs received at a place of businesshad been removed as such or removed after beingpartially processed to a job worker for furtherprocessing, testing, repair, reconditioning or anyother purpose in accordance with the provisions ofexisting law prior to the appointed day and suchinputs are returned to the said place on or after theappointed day, no tax shall be payable if such inputs,after completion of the job work or otherwise, arereturned to the said place within six months from theappointed day:

Extendendable by 2 months, else shall be recoveredin accordance with the provisions of clause (a) ofsub-section (8) of section 142.

Where any semi-finished goods had beenremoved from the place of business to any otherpremises for carrying out certain manufacturingprocesses in accordance with the provisions ofexisting law prior to the appointed day and suchgoods are returned to the said place on or afterthe appointed day, no tax shall be payable, if thesaid goods, after undergoing manufacturingprocesses or otherwise, are returned to the saidplace within six months from the appointed day:

Extendendable by 2 months, else shall berecovered in accordance with the provisions ofclause (a) of sub-section (8) of section 142.

Where any excisable goods manufactured at a placeof business had been removed without payment ofduty for carrying out tests or any other process notamounting to manufacture, to any other premises,whether registered or not, in accordance with theprovisions of existing law prior to the appointed dayand such goods, are returned to the said place on orafter the appointed day, no tax shall be payable if thesaid goods, after undergoing tests or any otherprocess, are returned to the said place within sixmonths from the appointed day:

Extendendable by 2 months, else shall be recoveredin accordance with the provisions of clause (a) ofsub-section (8) of section 142.

The tax under sub-sections (1), (2) and (3)shall not be payable, only if the manufacturerand the job worker declare the details of theinputs or goods held in stock by the jobworker on behalf of the manufacturer on theappointed day in such form and manner andwithin such time as may be prescribed.

Where any goods on which duty, if any, had beenpaid under the existing law at the time of removalthereof, not being earlier than six months prior to theappointed day, are returned to any place of businesson or after the appointed day, the registered personshall be eligible for refund of the duty paid under theexisting law where such goods are returned by aperson, other than a registered person, to the saidplace of business within a period of six months fromthe appointed day and such goods are identifiable tothe satisfaction of the proper officer:

Provided that if the said goods are returned by aregistered person, the return of such goods shall bedeemed to be a supply

a) where, in pursuance of a contract entered into prior to the appointedday, the price of any goods or services or both is revised upwards onor after the appointed day, the registered person who had removed orprovided such goods or services or both shall issue to the recipient asupplementary invoice or debit note, containing such particulars asmay be prescribed, within thirty days of such price revision and forthe purposes of this Act such supplementary invoice or debit noteshall be deemed to have been issued in respect of an outward supplymade under this Act;

b) where, in pursuance of a contract entered into prior to the appointedday, the price of any goods or services or both is revised downwardson or after the appointed day, the registered person who had removedor provided such goods or services or both may issue to the recipienta credit note, containing such particulars as may be prescribed, withinthirty days of such price revision and for the purposes of this Act suchcredit note shall be deemed to have been issued in respect of anoutward supply made under this Act:

Provided that the registered person shall be allowed to reduce his taxliability on account of issue of the credit note only if the recipient ofthe credit note has reduced his input tax credit corresponding to suchreduction of tax liability.

Every claim for refund filed by any person before, on or after theappointed day, for refund of any amount of CENVAT credit, duty,tax, interest or any other amount paid under the existing law,shall be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of existinglaw and any amount eventually accruing to him shall be paid incash, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained underthe provisions of existing law other than the provisions of sub-section (2) of section 11B of the Central Excise Act, 1944:

Provided that where any claim for refund of CENVAT credit is fullyor partially rejected, the amount so rejected shall lapse:Appeal?

Provided further that no refund shall be allowed of any amount ofCENVAT credit where the balance of the said amount as on theappointed day has been carried forward under this Act.

Every claim for refund filed after the appointed dayfor refund of any duty or tax paid under existing lawin respect of the goods or services exported before orafter the appointed day, shall be disposed of inaccordance with the provisions of the existing law:

Provided that where any claim for refund of CENVATcredit is fully or partially rejected, the amount sorejected shall lapse:

Provided further that no refund shall be allowed ofany amount of CENVAT credit where the balance ofthe said amount as on the appointed day has beencarried forward under this Act.

Every claim filed by a person after theappointed day for refund of tax paid underthe existing law in respect of services notprovided shall be disposed of in accordancewith the provisions of existing law and anyamount eventually accruing to him shall bepaid in cash, notwithstanding anything to thecontrary contained under the provisions ofexisting law other than the provisions of sub-section (2) of section 11B of the CentralExcise Act, 1944.

a) every proceeding of appeal, review or reference relating to a claim forCENVAT credit initiated whether before, on or after the appointed dayunder the existing law shall be disposed of in accordance with theprovisions of existing law, and any amount of credit found to beadmissible to the claimant shall be refunded to him in cash,notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained under theprovisions of existing law other than the provisions of sub-section (2)of section 11B of the Central Excise Act, 1944 and the amountrejected, if any, shall not be admissible as input tax credit under thisAct: Provided that no refund shall be allowed of any amount ofCENVAT credit where the balance of the said amount as on theappointed day has been carried forward under this Act;

b) every proceeding of appeal, review or reference relating to recovery ofCENVAT credit initiated whether before, on or after the appointed dayunder the existing law shall be disposed of in accordance with theprovisions of existing law and if any amount of credit becomesrecoverable as a result of such appeal, review or reference, the sameshall, unless recovered under the existing law, be recovered as anarrear of tax under this Act and the amount so recovered shall not beadmissible as input tax credit under this Act.

a) every proceeding of appeal, review or reference relating to any outputduty or tax liability initiated whether before, on or after the appointedday under the existing law, shall be disposed of in accordance withthe provisions of the existing law, and if any amount becomesrecoverable as a result of such appeal, review or reference, the sameshall, unless recovered under the existing law, be recovered as anarrear of duty or tax under this Act and the amount so recovered shallnot be admissible as input tax credit under this Act.

b) every proceeding of appeal, review or reference relating to any outputduty or tax liability initiated whether before, on or after the appointedday under the existing law, shall be disposed of in accordance withthe provisions of the existing law, and any amount found to beadmissible to the claimant shall be refunded to him in cash,notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained under theprovisions of existing law other than the provisions of sub-section (2)of section 11B of the Central Excise Act, 1944 and the amountrejected, if any, shall not be admissible as input tax credit under thisAct.

a. where in pursuance of an assessment or adjudicationproceedings instituted, whether before, on or after theappointed day, under the existing law, any amount of tax,interest, fine or penalty becomes recoverable from the person,the same shall, unless recovered under the existing law, berecovered as an arrear of tax under this Act and the amount sorecovered shall not be admissible as input tax credit under thisAct;

b. where in pursuance of an assessment or adjudicationproceedings instituted, whether before, on or after theappointed day, under the existing law, any amount of tax,interest, fine or penalty becomes refundable to the taxableperson, the same shall be refunded to him in cash under thesaid law, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained inthe said law other than the provisions of sub-section (2) ofsection 11B of the Central Excise Act, 1944 and the amountrejected, if any, shall not be admissible as input tax creditunder this Act.

a) where any return, furnished under the existing law, is revisedafter the appointed day and if, pursuant to such revision, anyamount is found to be recoverable or any amount of CENVATcredit is found to be inadmissible, the same shall, unlessrecovered under the existing law, be recovered as an arrear oftax under this Act and the amount so recovered shall not beadmissible as input tax credit under this Act;

b) where any return, furnished under the existing law, is revisedafter the appointed day but within the time limit specified forsuch revision under the existing law and if, pursuant to suchrevision, any amount is found to be refundable or CENVATcredit is found to be admissible to any taxable person, thesame shall be refunded to him in cash under the existing law,notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the saidlaw other than the provisions of sub-section (2) of section 11Bof the Central Excise Act, 1944 and the amount rejected, ifany, shall not be admissible as input tax credit under this Act.

(10) Save as otherwise provided in this Chapter, thegoods or services or both supplied on or after theappointed day in pursuance of a contract enteredinto prior to the appointed day shall be liable to taxunder the provisions of this Act.◦ Re-writing contracts? Indian Contract Act?

a) notwithstanding anything contained in section 12, notax shall be payable on goods under this Act to theextent the tax was leviable on the said goods under theValue Added Tax Act of the State;

b) notwithstanding anything contained in section 13, notax shall be payable on services under this Act to theextent the tax was leviable on the said services underChapter V of the Finance Act, 1994;

c) where tax was paid on any supply both under the ValueAdded Tax Act and under Chapter V of the Finance Act,1994, tax shall be leviable under this Act and thetaxable person shall be entitled to take credit of valueadded tax or service tax paid under the existing law tothe extent of supplies made after the appointed day andsuch credit shall be calculated in such manner as may beprescribed.

Where any goods sent on approval basis, not earlier than sixmonths before the appointed day, are rejected or not approvedby the buyer and returned to the seller on or after the appointedday, no tax shall be payable thereon if such goods are returnedwithin six months from the appointed day:

Provided that the said period of six months may, on sufficientcause being shown, be extended by the Commissioner for afurther period not exceeding two months:

Provided further that the tax shall be payable by the personreturning the goods if such goods are liable to tax under thisAct, and are returned after a period specified in this sub-section:

Provided also that tax shall be payable by the person who hassent the goods on approval basis if such goods are liable to taxunder this Act, and are not returned within a period specified inthis sub-section.

Where a supplier has made any sale of goods inrespect of which tax was required to be deductedat source under any law of a State or Unionterritory relating to Value Added Tax and has alsoissued an invoice for the same before theappointed day, no deduction of tax at source undersection 51 shall be made by the deductor under thesaid section where payment to the said supplier ismade on or after the appointed day.

Bharat RaichandaniAdvocate

Partner

UBR LegalAdvocates

Mumbai * Daman * New Delhi

Chambers: 806, 8th Floor, “D” Square, Opp. Goklibai School, Dada Bhai Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400056

T: +91 22 26113635 * F: +91 22 26101358 * M: 9820875305 * E: ubrlegal@yahoo.in