international symposium of indonesian giant flowers (pdf

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FOREWORD

Sumatera is a home to two giant flower Rafflesia arnoldii and Amorphophallus titanum, as well

as their relatives. These two giant flowers are endemic and can rarely be found outside of their

natural habitat. Rafflesia spp., in particular are difficult to cultivate. The uniqueness of both

species has caused them to become flagship species, and both are commonly used as symbols in

important national documents and even by international organizations. On the other hand, many

people are still unable to differentiate between the species as the local name for both “bunga

bangkai” (corpse flower) refers to the smell they produced.

The rarity of these endemic flora means some aspects of their biological lives are yet to be

unveiled, while the natural habitat is rapidly changing over time. There is not much time left

for expert to do research and apply their results in order to produce a foundation frame-work

for the future of these giant flowers. Intensive research and collaboration between expert and

government is urgently required.

Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bogor Botanic Gardens, in collaboration with the local

government of Bengkulu and Ministry of Environmental and Forestry, are urge to hold a

symposium to discuss the future of these iconic species. The forum will be a global meeting for

stake-holders to share their knowledge and experience, especially those who work in scientific

institution, tourism and public education sectors.

The symposium will take place in Grage Horizon Hotel Bengkulu on 14th – 16th September 2015.

The aim of the event is to collate ideas from all participants (botanist, practitioners, students,

lecturer) regarding long term conservation programs for Rafflesia arnoldii and Amorphophallus

titanum. Your support is highly appreciated and meaningful to our conservation program, helping

to ensure a home and a future for these amazing giant flowers.

On behalf of the conference organizer,

Dr. Didik Widyatmoko

Director of Center for Plant Conservation – Bogor Botanic Gardens, LIPI

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Bengkulu: The Land of Giant Flowers

Tropical rain forest in Bengkulu are renowned as the habitat of two species of giant flowers

Rafflesia arnoldii and Amorphophallus titanum. In the world of botany, the history of Bengkulu was

first written with the arrival of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles. Many of the flora at that time were

new to science. The rare giant flower named after Raffles now an icon for one of Indonesia's

national flowers. The floral mascot of Bengkulu Province Amorphophallus titanum (corpse flower),

has become very popular all around the world and helped to raise the popularity of Sumatera as

home to exotic Sumateran flora and fauna.

Bengkulu has developed rapidly in recent years, with new cities and residential areas increasing

the strain on natural resources. As such, Bengkulu is in need of sustainable development

policies which can direct new developments within the province, while still maintaining its rich

biodiversity. A sustainable tourism model is also essential to the future of Bengkulu.

The reason why these two giant flowers can only be found in Bengkulu remains a mystery.

However, the uniqueness Rafflesia arnoldii and Amorphophallus titanum make them potential

attraction for tourism. The mystery of why these two giant flowers can only be found in Bengkulu

remind unveiled. While Amorphophallus titanum specimens kept by many botanic gardens

in America and Europe, where they attract thousands of visitors whenever they bloom. The

challenge for both species in the future will be the maintenance of genetic diversity as their

natural habitat disappears, and along with it the chance to develop representative and resilient

populations. Research on propagation and reintroduction of these species will take time and must

began as soon as possible.

Aims

1. The aim of the symposium is to develop future perspectives for the sustainability of two of

the most endangered flora. The conference will provide a platform for exchange of ideas and

dialogue to:

2. Take stock of global, regional and national issues and challenges on the research of the 2

genera.

3. Identify actionable elements supporting conservation of the both genera in Sumatera. It

will also define ways to interact with other disciplines and improve communication with the

general public and policy-makers.

4. To develop network

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KEYNOTE and Plenary SPEAKER

Dr. Tachrir Fathoni. (Director General of Natural Resources Conservation and Ecosystem,

Ministry of Environment and Forestry)

Assoc. Prof. Peter Boyce (Institute of Biodiversity and Environment Conservation Sarawak –

Malaysia)

Prof. Huanghong Wen (General Secretary of International Association of Botanic Gardens,

China Academy of Science)

Dr. Jamili Nais (Director of Sabah Parks Malaysia)

VENUE

Place: Grage Horizon Hotel – Jl. Pantai Nala 142

Anggut Bawah – Bengkulu-Indonesia

Time: 14th - 16th September 2015

PARTICIPANT

Participants from all background can join this symposium.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2

Welcome Messages Governor of Bengkulu Province ......................................................................................................................... 8Chairman of Indonesian Institute of Sciences................................................................................................. 9Ministry of Environment and Forest of Indonesia ........................................................................................10

Keynote Speakers profile Prof. HUANG Hongwen ......................................................................................................................................12 Dr. Jamili Nais ....................................................................................................................................................13 Assoc. Prof. Peter Boyce ...................................................................................................................................14 Dr. Ir. Tachrir Fathoni MSc ................................................................................................................................15

Program ....................................................................................................................................................................16

Abstract

1. Amorphophallus SPECIES OF THE LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS: a new distribution record for A.variabilis Blume Agung Kurniawan, Ni Putu Sri Asih, Ina Erlinawati dan Yuzammi .............................................................20

2. POPULATION STUDY OF VERY RARE OF Rafflesia bengkuluensis at MANAU SEMBILAN VILLAGE, KAUR REGENCY, SOUTHERN BENGKULU Agus Susatya and Faesal .................................................................................................................................21

3. EX SITU CONSERVATION OF Amorphophallus titanum IN CIBODAS BOTANIC GARDEN Destri, Muhammad Imam Surya, Lily Ismaini ...............................................................................................22

4. MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWER, FRUIT AND SEED OF Amorphophallus titanum Destri, Lily Ismaini and Muhammad Imam Surya ........................................................................................23

5. VIABILITY TESTING OF Rafflesia SEEDS Dian Latifah, Melani K. Riswati, Elizabeth Handini and Hary Wawangningrum .......................................24

6. CONSERVATION OF Rafflesia SPECIES IN THE PHILIPPINES Domingo A. Madulid and Esperanza Maribel G. Agoo ..................................................................................25

7. A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF BLANCO’S Rafflesia SPECIES FROM THE PHILIPPINES Esperanza Maribel G. Agoo, Domingo A. Madulid, Inocencio E. Buot .........................................................26

8. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF Rafflesia IN ROYAL BELUM FOREST RESERVE, PERAK, MALAYSIA Farah Khaliz Kedri, Nasihah Mokhtar & Siti Fatimah Amir .........................................................................27

9. EX SITU CULTIVATED FLORA OF CHINA HUANG Hongwen ...............................................................................................................................................28

10. TWO SPECIES OF Amorphophallus FROM FLORES ISLAND Inggit Puji Astuti, Sayyidah Fatchiyyah, Dwi Arinyuni, Nurjannah Yuanisa Ruliyanti, Gae Pius, Blasius Ndahu, Dian Andi Yudha and Dian Mustofa ....................................................................29

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11. IN VITRO CULTURE OF Amorphophallus titanum AT BOGOR BOTANIC GARDENS Irawati, Witjaksono, K. Nugraheni, Y. Isnaini, S. Mursidawati, E. Handini, R.V. Garvita, A. Leksonowati, E.M.D. Rahayu and R. Kusumawati .....................................................................................30

12. PLANT SPECIES RICHNESS ESTIMATION IN A Rafflesia patma Blume HABITAT USING RAREFACTION, NONPARAMETRIC ASYMPTOTES, AND EXTRAPOLATION ESTIMATION PROSEDURES

Muhammad Adlan Ali, Agus Hikmat, Ervizal Amir Muhammad Zuhud .....................................................31

13. EXPLORING THE HABITAT OF Amorphophallus titanum IN EX SITU AND IN SITU LOCATIONS Rina Ratnasih Purnamahati Irwanto1, Humaira Safitri Andari, Ardha Apriyanto, Liska Berlian ..........32

14. EX SITU CONSERVATION of Amorphophallus titanium (Becc.) Becc. IN BOGOR BOTANIC GARDEN Siti Roosita Ariati and Dwi Murti Puspitaningtyas ........................................................................................33

15. A REVIEW ON THE BIOLOGY OF Rafflesia: what do we know and what’s next? Siti Nurhidayati ..................................................................................................................................................34

16. EX SITU CONSERVATION OF Rafflesia patma Blume (RAFFLESIACEAE) AN ENDANGERED EMBLEMATIC PARASITIC SPECIES FROM INDONESIA Sofi Mursidawati, Irawati, Ngatari, Sarah Cardinal and Richa Kusumawati ............................................35

17. Amorphophallus titanum IN BUKIT DAUN NATURE RESERVE, BENGKULU Syamsul Hidayat, Kartika Ning Tyas, Sofi Mursidawati and Yuzammi ......................................................36

18. PRELIMINARY STUDY OF Rafflesia sp. HABITAT IN EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA Tri Atmoko ...........................................................................................................................................................37

19. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GROWING MEDIA ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF PORANG (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Tri Handayani and Yuzammi .............................................................................................................................38

20. THE GENUS Amorphophallus Blume Ex Decaine (ARACEAE – THOMSONIEAE) IN SUMATERA, INDONESIA Yuzammi and Wilbert L. A. Hetterscheid ........................................................................................................39

21. THE PECULIAR PETIOLE GROWTH OF Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. Ex Arcang AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR CONSERVATION EFFORTS Yuzammi, Kartika Ning Tyas and Tri Handayani ...........................................................................................40

22. CONSERVATION OF Rafflesia AND ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOOD: A CASE STUDY IN KELANTAN, MALAYSIA Zulhazman Hamzah, Farah Khaliz Kedri, Nurqayyum Nadia Wan Arifin and Nasihah Mokhtar ...........41

23. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMET OF Rafflesia kerrii POPULATION IN KELANTAN, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA Zulhazman Hamzah,Qayyum Nadia, W.A., Siti Munirah, M.Y. and Farah Khaliz Kedri .............................42

Photo Contest ............................................................................................................................................................43Bengkulu Province Profile ......................................................................................................................................62Bogor Botanic Gardens Profile ...............................................................................................................................65Ministry of Environment and Forestry Profile .....................................................................................................65Dewan Research Daerah Profile ............................................................................................................................65List of Participants ...................................................................................................................................................66

Welcome Messages

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MESSAGES FROM THE GOVERNOR OF BENGKULU

It is a tremendous pleasure to welcome all participants to the International Symposium on

Indonesian Giant Flowers Rafflesia and Amorphophallus 2015. Bengkulu is very proud to host this

international symposium and I hope your stay here is enjoyable and memorable.

Rafflesia and Amorphophallus have long been known as two charismatic species of Sumatera,

and Bengkulu is home to both of them. For Bengkulu, being a home for these two charismatic

spesies is something we are proud of. However it also represents a big responsibility. Rafflesia is

one of the world’s rarest plants. We know we have to do something to make sure that Bengkulu

remains the natural home for these giant flowers forever.

This International Symposium on Indonesian Giant Flowers Rafflesia and Amorphophallus is a

unique opportunity where so many experts and enthusiasts of giant flowers are gathered in one

place. This is the first time for Bengkulu to host an international symposium, and indeed it is

an honour for us to initiate what we expect will become a long-lasting collaboration between

all stakeholders involved in the conservation of giant flowers project. We hope the symposium

will bring particular benefit to the people of Bengkulu, as a lot of lessons can be drawn from the

experiences of expert delegates from other countries as well as from our own.

I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge our collaboration partners - the Indonesian

Institute of Sciences, and the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry. We cannot

succeed without the dedicated teams from each partner organisation. I wish all of you an

engaging and rewarding experience.

H. Junaidi Chamsyah

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MESSAGES FROM CHAIRMAN OF INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES (LIPI)

On behalf of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences, I would like to extend a warm wellcome to

all participants in the International Symposium on Indonesian Giant Flowers Rafflesia and

Amorphophallus 2015.

Indonesia has a reputation as a megadiversity country, the home of almost 10 per cent of the

world’s plant diversity. The giant flowers Rafflesia arnoldi R.Br. and Amorphophallus titanum

(Becc.). are two endemic species that inhabit the Sumateran rainforest. They have been popular

as iconic species yet are rarely encountered in the wild. Although some research on both

flowers has been carried out, many aspects of their biology are still unveiled and their rarity has

become a mystery which has captivated lots of botanists around the world. Unfortunately, their

natural habitat is rapidly changing. Not much time is left for experts to work on these species

and to apply the results of their work to give a framework for the future conservation of these

marvellous giant flowers.

Themed “Save Giant Flowers to Promote Sustainable Use of Biodiversity”, this forum, we hope,

will generate a powerful movement to save both flowers through research and collaboration

between government and experts, especially those who work in science institutions, sectors of

tourism and in public education.

I would like to take this opportunity to thank the Governor of Bengkulu who initiated the

partnership to hold this symposium. I also acknowledge The Ministry of Environment and Forestry

for great contribution. My appreciation also goes to the organizing committee for their dedicated

effort to make this event a success. I wish you all the best at the Symposium and look forward to

meeting all of you.

Prof. Dr. Iskandar Zulkarnain

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MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR GENERAL FOR NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND ECOSYSTEMS THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRY

A very warm welcome to all speakers, presenters and delegates to the International Symposium

on Indonesian Giant Flowers 2015.

On behalf of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, I would like to thank our long term

collaboration partner the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), and also the Government of

Bengkulu as host and initiator of this symposium. Without their hard effort this important meeting

couldn't have taken place.

Rafflesia arnoldii and Amorphophallus titanum are two giant plant species representing the

uniqueness of the Indonesian forest. Both species are protected under Indonesian law and

are used as symbols of the nation's rarest flora as well as in the logo for the city of Bengkulu.

Unfortunately, their iconic status has not necessarily resulted in these plants being free from

threat of extinction. Human activities in the name of development are still, in part, the cause of

their rarity. Realizing this, the Government of Bengkulu has decided that it has to do something

to ensure both flowers become an integrated part of planning for development. Conservation of

these flowers and their habitat needs support from all parties and not solely from people who

work in the fields of science and forestry.

Through a series of group discussions over the past year, the Government of Bengkulu, the

Indonesian Institute of Sciences, and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry have worked

together to prepare the national document on an action plan for the conservation of Rafflesia and

Amorphophallus 2015-2025, and to launch this symposium. For us as the management authority,

this represents the first national action plan document focused on flora, rather than on fauna.

We sincerely hope that this document will prove useful as a reference for guiding development

activities in Indonesia where the giant flowers and their habitats are an integral part of the

environment.

Again, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the teams from each institution involved in

the preparation of the docment. We trust that in the long run all parties will continue to work

together to keep the giant flowers as part of Indonesia’s precious plant diversity.

Dr. Ir. Tachrir Fathoni, MSc.

Keynote Speakers Profile

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Professor Huanghong Wen is the professor and past director of South

China Botanical Garden/South China Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of

Sciences (CAS) since November, 2006. Prior to that, he worked as the director of the Wuhan Botanical

Garden/Wuhan Institute of Botany, CAS for 10 years. He is Secretary General of International

Association of Botanic Gardens (IABG), the general coordinator of East Asia Botanical Gardens

Network etc. Professor Huang also serves as vice president of Chinese Botanical Society and chair of

Actinidia section of Chinese Horticultural Society.

Native to Wuhan, China, Hongwen Huang graduated in pomology in 1979 and received his MA from

Central China Agricultural University in 1984. He previously worked at Hubei Provincial Institute

of Fruit and Tea for 10 years (1980-1990) first as a research assistant and latterly as assistant

professor and head of pomology department. His previous work and contribution to the poverty

alleviation campaign in Dabie Mountain region honored him recognition of Hubei Outstanding Yong

Scientist in 1989 and Outstanding Contribution Award of ZhenHua Foundation of Scientific Alleviation

to Poverty in 1997.

Professor Huang started his research career as plant germplasm collector and fruit tree breeder of

chestnut (Castanea) and kiwifruit (Actinidia) and received his Ph.D. in plant population genetics and

breeding at Horticultural Department, Auburn University, USA in 1993 and worked as co-investigator

in USDA pawpaw fruit repository (Asimina triloba) in 1996. His career spans over 30 years in arena

of plant genetic resources and breeding, with experiences as co-principal investigator and co-

investigator positions for a number of research projects funded by USDA, European Union, MOST and

CAS.

He is best known for kiwi fruit germplasm research and breeding and responsible for founding

Actinidia section of Chinese Horticultural Society. He developed and released novel yellow-fleshed

kiwi fruit cultivars (Actinidia chinensis) grown worldwide for commercial production. His more

recent research focused in conservation genetics of threatened plants and contributed to Chinese

botanical garden community for understanding of conservation principles and applied practices for

Chinese native plants. Apart from his research, he actively advocated and passionately outspoken

for conserving Chinese native plants, which has raised enthusiastic attention among botanical

community.

Professor Huang received many prestigious awards and honorable recognitions, including one

national and three provincial Science & Technology Advancement Prizes, National Service Model

Recognition and Honorary Fellow in HortResearch New Zealand.

Professor Huang is author of >200 publications and holder of >20 registered or patented cultivars. As

a teacher, he trained 25 Ph.D. and 35 MS graduates.

Professor Huanghong Wen

General Secretary of International Association of Botanic Gardens, China

Academy of Sciene.

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Dr. Jamili Nais

Director of Sabah Parks Malaysia

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Peter Boyce, a botanist that is known throughout the world as a specialist

in Southeast Asian Araceae (members of the philodendron or Jack-in-the-

pulpit plant family). Peter has written important books on aroids, as these plants are commonly

called, notably The Genera of Araceae and The Genus Arum. Peter has also written numerous

scientific papers and semi-popular articles on aroids.

After 15 years at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, during when he produced revisions of Arum

and Biarum, accounts of most other European genera, revised many of the climbing aroids of

tropical Asia. Currently concentrating on the Schismatoglottis alliance and Homalomena, together

comprising in excess of 700 species. In all Peter Boyce has published over 160 scientific papers

and semi-popular articles, and contributed complete or part text to five books. Peter has a long

association with the International Aroid Society also visiting Lecturer in USM, Pinang Malaysia.

Peter Boyce

Institute of Biodiversity and Environment Conservation Sarawak – Malaysia

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Dr. Fathoni is currently the Director General of Natural Resources

Conservation and Ecosystem at the Indonesia's Ministry of Environment

and Forestry.

He has held various senior posts at the Ministry including: Director General of Forestry Research

and Development Agency (FORDA), Secretary of the Directorate General Forest Protection and

Nature Conservation, Director of Forest Training Agency, Director of the Information Bureau, and

Forestry Attaché at the Indonesian Embassy in Tokyo, Japan.

Dr. Fathoni is a forester by training. He is graduated from Gajah Mada University in Yogyakarta,

Indonesia, hold a Master of Science from University of Ghent, Belgia in 1992 and PhD from the

University of Edinburgh, UK.

He is also a member of CIFOR's Board of Trustees.

Dr. Ir. Tachrir Fathoni, MSc.

Director General of Natural Resources Conservation and Ecosystem

Ministry of Environment and Forestry.

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PROGRAMSDAY-1: MONDAY, 14 SEPTEMBER 2015

10:00 am – 5:00 pm Arrival and Registration

Attendees put up posters and photos

Free Time

07:00 pm – 9:30 pm Welcoming Dinner at the hotel restaurant

DAY-2: TUESDAY, 15 SEPTEMBER 2015

08:00 am – 09:00 am Registration

09:00 am – 09:05 am Opening — MC

09:05 am – 09:15 am Welcome Remarks — Organizing of Committee

09:15 am – 09:30 am Welcome Address — Governor of Bengkulu Province

09:30 am – 09:45 am Welcome Address — Chairman of Indonesian Institute of Sciences

09:45 am – 10:00 am

Welcome Address and Opening Ceremony — Ministry of Environment

and Forestry of Indonesia

Declaration

10:00 am – 10:15 am COFFEE BREAK

10:15 am – 10:35 am

Indonesian Conservation Policies for two giant flowers — Directorate

General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation, Ministry of

Environment and Forestry

10:35 am – 10:55 am

Overview on conservation of the giant flower: Future perspective

on policies, research and benefit sharing — Prof. HUANG hongwen,

Secretary General of International Association of Botanic Gardens

(IABG), China Academy of Science

10:55 am – 11:15 amRafflesia conservation research — Dr. Jamili Nais - Director of Sabah

Parks Malaysia

11:15 am – 11:35 am

Amorphophallus conservation research — Ass. Prof. Peter C. Boyce -

Institute of Biodiversity and Environment Conservation Sarawak,

Malaysia

11:35 am – 12:00pm Discussion - Chair: Prof. Dr. Dedy Darnaedi

12:00 pm – 13:00 pm LUNCH BREAK AND POSTERS SESSION

13:00 pm – 13:15 pm Presentation: Biological Aspect and Conservation Management of

Rafflesia& Amorphophallus - Chair: Dr. Julisasi Tri Hadiah

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13:15 pm – 13:30 pmA REVIEW ON THE BIOLOGY OF Rafflesia: what do we know and what’s

next? - Siti Nurhidayati

13:30 pm – 13:45 pm

POPULATION STUDY OF VERY RARE OF Rafflesia bengkuluensis at

MANAU SEMBILAN VILLAGE, KAUR REGENCY, SOUTHERN BENGKULU -

Agus Susatya

13:45 pm – 14:05 pm Discussion - Chair: Dr. Irawati

14:05 pm – 14:20 pmEX SITU CONSERVATION OF Amorphophallus titanum IN CIBODAS

BOTANIC GARDEN - Destri

14:20 pm – 14:35 pm CONSERVATION OF Rafflesia SPECIES IN THE PHILIPPINES - Domingo

A. Madulid

14:35 pm – 14:50 pmCONSERVATION OF Rafflesia AND ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOOD: A CASE

STUDY IN KELANTAN, MALAYSIA - Zulhazman Hamzah

14:50 pm – 15:10 pm Discussion - Chair: Dr. Siti Nurhidayati

15:10 pm – 15:25 pm Coffee Break and Posters Session

15:25 pm – 15:40 pm THE GENUS Amorphophallus Blume Ex Decaine (ARACEAE –

THOMSONIEAE) IN SUMATERA, INDONESIA - Yuzammi

15:40 pm – 15:55 pm

PLANT SPECIES RICHNESS ESTIMATION IN A Rafflesia patma Blume

HABITAT USING RAREFACTION, NONPARAMETRIC ASYMPTOTES, AND

EXTRAPOLATION ESTIMATION PROSEDURES - Muhammad Adlan Ali

15:55 pm – 16:10 pmA CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF BLANCO’S Rafflesia SPECIES FROM THE

PHILIPPINES - Esperanza Maribel G. Agoo

16:10 pm – 16:30 pm Discusion - Chair: Ir. Hery Suhartoyo, M,Sc, Ph.D

16:30 pm – 16:45 pmIN VITRO CULTURE OF Amorphophallus titanum AT BOGOR BOTANIC

GARDENS - Irawati

16:45 pm – 17:00 pmDISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF Rafflesia IN ROYAL BELUM FOREST

RESERVE, PERAK, MALAYSIA - Farah Khaliz Kedri

17:00 pm – 17:15 pm

EX SITU CONSERVATION OF Rafflesia patma Blume (RAFFLESIACEAE)

AN ENDANGERED EMBLEMATIC PARASITIC SPECIES FROM

INDONESIA - Sofi Mursidawati

17:15 pm – 17:35 pm Discussion

17:35 pm – 17:50 pm Closing

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DAY-3: WEDNESDAY, 15 SEPTEMBER 2015

08:00 am – 16:00 pm Field trip to Rafflesia and Amorphophallus site at Kepahiang District

Organizing Committee: Inggit Puji Astuti, MSi., Pemprov & UNIB

DAY-4: THURSDAY, 16 SEPTEMBER 2015

8:00 AM Depart to airport

ABSTRACTS

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Agung Kurniawan¹*, Ni Putu Sri Asih¹, Ina Erlinawati², and Yuzammi³

¹)Bali Botanical Garden, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), INDONESIA

²)Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Divisions, Research Center for Biology,

Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), INDONESIA

³)Bogor Botanical Garden, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), INDONESIA

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Amorphophallus variabilis Blume, a species formerly known only in Java, Madura and Kangeans

Islands, is newly recorded as also present on the Island of Bali in the Lesser Sunda Islands of

Indonesia (LSI). This finding brings to three the total number of species recorded in the genus

Amorphophallus for LSI, the other two being A. muelleri Blume and A. paeoniifolius (Dennst.)

Nicolson. We provide a description of A. variabilis Blume in the context of a new key for the three

Amorphophallus species of LSI.

Keywords: Araceae, Lesser Sunda Island, Amorphophallus variabilis Blume, new record.

1. Amorphophallus SPECIES OF THE LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS: a new distribution record for A.variabilis Blume

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Agus Susatya and Faesal

Department of Forestry

University of Bengkulu, INDONESIA

Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Rafflesia bengkuluensis Susatya, Arianto and Mat-Salleh is a little known species; with a very

restricted geographical range at Padang Guci Hilir in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia; a very small

population size; and a high mortality rate. Known populations are all found onprivate land.

Ourresearch site was a coffee plantation in the vicinity of Manau Sembilan village, 5 km away

from Talang Tais, the place where it was first found. Our objective wasto study the population;

by mapping it and sequentially measuring subpopulations every month for fivemonths. Five

known subpopulations appeared to have comparable sizes with those of Talang Tais Village.

The population size varied between 2 and 7 flower buds mostly with a diameter less than 6 cm

(83%). Buds with diameter 12-15 cm represented only 15.5% of all buds observed. The bud size

just prior to flowering was around 21-26 cm. The average mortality of buds was 73 %, which is

lower than at Talang Tais Village, where within 3 months 80% to 80 % of flower buds died. These

mortality patterns seem to be the highest recorded for the Rafflesia genus. Sixty seven percent

of the mortality of our R. bengkuluensis occurred in buds with a diameter less than 6 cm. After

buds exceed a diameter of 8 cm, they generally experience minor mortality. It is observed that

less than 27 % of the mortality takes place in buds more than 8 cm in diameter. The majority of

buds of R. Bengkuluens is emerge from host stems with a diameter of less than 2 cm. It was

postulated that, besides bud size, bud density is a factor in high bud mortality.

Keywords: Buds, density, mortality, population, Rafflesia.

2. POPULATION STUDY OF THE VERY RARE Rafflesia bengkuluensis at MANAU SEMBILAN VILLAGE, KAUR REGENCY, SOUTHERN BENGKULU

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Destri, Muhammad Imam Surya, Lily Ismaini

Cibodas Botanical Garden – Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Jalan Kebun Raya Cibodas, Po. Box. 19 SDL Cipanas – Cianjur 43253,

West Java, INDONESIA

Phone: +62-263-512233


ABSTRACT

Amorphophallus titanum is one of the rare, unique plant species that have been assembled in

Cibodas Botanic Garden (CBG) since the year 2000. This species is known in English as corpse

flower. It is an endemic species of Sumatra and our specimen was collected in an expedition

to Sungai Manau, West Sumatra. Beside the tuber, seed from the same mother plantwas also

collected during this expedition. Currently, CBG has 12 individuals of A. titanum consisting of one

mother plant and another 11, the result of propagation from the seeds. All these plants were

planted from 2000 to 2003. This report focuses on conservation activity relating to this species

in CBG e.g. observations of plant development, of flowering, of fertilization, and of germination.

There are still so many questions that need to be answered about the biological aspects of this

magnificent flower and all relevant information should be compiled to get a clearer picture.

Keywords: Amorphophallus titanum, Cibodas Botanic Garden, conservation.

3. EX SITU CONSERVATION OF Amorphophallus titanum IN CIBODAS BOTANIC GARDEN

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Destri, Lily Ismaini and Muhammad Imam Surya

Cibodas Botanical Garden – Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Jalan Kebun Raya Cibodas, Po. Box. 19 SDL Cipanas – Cianjur 43253,

West Java, INDONESIA

Phone: +62-263-512233


ABSTRACT

Observations on the generative parts of Amorphophallus titanum was conducted to obtain detailed

information about this flower. Information about flower parts, fruits and seed is still deficient

because of the complexities of the plant’s unique life cycle and the small number of individual

plants available for study. The flower observations were carried out in the plant collection of

Cibodas Botanic Garden on April 8, 2015. Fruits and seed observed were from the result of

fertilization in the previous year. It was found that this giant flower has at least 2000 anthers and

about 500 female flowers with stigma. The fruit are ellipsoid, fleshy, sweet, and bright red when

ripe; the seed is heart-shaped and dark brown to greenish brown in colour.

Keywords: Amorphophallus titanum, Cibodas Botanic Garden, morphology, reproductive parts.

4. MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWER, FRUIT AND SEED OF Amorphophallus titanum

24

Dian Latifah*, Melani K. Riswati, Elizabeth Handini and Hary Wawangningrum

Center for Plant Conservation-Bogor Botanic Garden,

Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No.13, Bogor, INDONESIA

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Rafflesia is a holoparasite which is facing extinction according to the IUCN Red List. The Center

for Plant Conservation Bogor Botanic Gardens LIPI has been pioneering ex situ conservation

by grafting methods. However, the ex situ conservation program based on seed inoculation

has been a challenge. Studies on viability testing of Rafflesia seeds aim to provide viable seeds

for supporting ex situ conservation programs applying the technique of seed inoculation. In

particular, the aims of the research were: (1) to investigate the morphological characters of the

seeds; (2) to determine the method for viability tests of the seed. The seeds of R. arnoldii and

R. patma were used in this research. Firstly, the morphological characters of the seeds were

observed under a binocular microscope. The viability test, using a bioassay procedure, was

as follows: (1) reagent preparation; (2) pre-staining; (3) embryo exposure; (4) staining; and (5)

assessment. The research resulted in: (1) morphological description of the characteristics of

Rafflesia seeds, and (2) techniques for bioassay viability tests of Rafflesia seeds.

Keywords: morphology, Rafflesia, seeds, viability tests.

5. VIABILITY TESTING OF Rafflesia SEEDS

25

Domingo A. Madulid and Esperanza Maribel G. Agoo

Biology Department, De La Salle University,

Manila, PHILIPPINES


ABSTRACT

The Philippines is host to more than 13 endemic species of Rafflesia distributed in Luzon, Visayas

and Mindanao. Almost all of them have very limited range and are highly localized, occupying

specific niches in primary lowland, mid-elevation forests. So far only one species of Rafflesia from

the Philippines has been assessed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List of Threatened

Species. i.e. R. magnifica. Actually, all of the Philippine Rafflesia species should be in this

category for reasons that they are narrow endemics and their habitats are threatened by forest

destruction, fragmentation, and anthropogenic activities. The national and local government

agencies, scientists, researchers, the academe, and private organizations are cognizant of the

importance of conserving these botanical treasures and have rallied for an effective program to

achieve this worthy cause. Among the activities recently launched are the creation of sanctuaries

and special protected areas for natural habitats of Rafflesia species, a vigorous public awareness

campaign, education, and publication of scientific and popular articles about these species. In

order to gain first-hand knowledge of the methods of in situ conservation of Rafflesia a group

of concerned and interested Filipino scientists, local government unit managers, researchers

and faculty staff from various schools visited the Rafflesia Conservation Center and the natural

habitats of Rafflesia species in Sabah, Malaysia in 2007.

Keywords: endemics, endangered, Rafflesia, the Philippines.

6. CONSERVATION OF Rafflesia SPECIES IN THE PHILIPPINES

26

Esperanza Maribel G. Agoo¹, Domingo A. Madulid¹, Inocencio E. Buot²

¹Biology Department, De La Salle University, Manila, PHILIPPINES

²University of the Philippines, Los Banos, Laguna, PHILIPPINES


ABSTRACT

Rafflesia philippensis Blco. and Rafflesia lagascae Blco, were both collected in Majayjay in

Mt. Banahaw, Laguna, Luzon Island, Philippines, and originally published in the second edition

of Flora de Filipinas (1845) shortly after Fr. Manuel Blanco’s death in 1845. The former name

was described in the Main text of the Flora, but is confusing since it cited two type localities, (i.e.

Majayjay and Basey, Samar) while the latter name was featured in the Supplement, which are

compilation of Blanco’s other manuscripts retrieved after his death. The original descriptions in

Spanish were reproduced in the 3rd Grand edition of the Flora (1879) with Latin translation, and

in the re-issue of the Grand Edition (1993) with an English translation. In past and even recent

taxonomic treatments of Rafflesia in the Philippines authors have always cited Blanco’s species

as synonyms of Rafflesia manillana Teschem. from Basey, Samar. However these two names were

recently resurrected (Barcelona et al. (2009 and 2013) based on assumption by these authors that

Blanco’s species were the earlier correct names of the Rafflesia species in Mt. Banahaw and in

Mt. Makiling, Luzon recently described R. banahawensis Madulid et al. and R. panchoana Madulid,

et al. According to these authors the recently described species are synonyms of Blanco’s species

as they were published later. Based on the present author’s in-depth study and analysis of the

protologues, descriptions, type localities, historical background and circumstances related to

the publication of the Flora, the distinction between the species cited in the main text and in the

Supplement of the Flora , comparison and analysis of type localities of Blanco’s species and the

newly-described species (i.e. R. banahaw and R. panchoana), the appropriate provisions of the

International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants we conclude that the resurrection

of the names R. philippensis and R. lagascae are unjustified and do not warrant recognition as the

correct species to replace the validly published names R. banahawensis and R. lagascae.

Keywords: Rafflesia philippensis, Rafflesia lagascae, the Philippines, taxonomic review.

7. A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF BLANCO’S Rafflesia SPECIES FROM THE PHILIPPINES

27

Farah Khaliz Kedri, Nasihah Mokhtar and Siti Fatimah Amir

Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Kampus Jeli, Peti Berkunci No 100, Jeli, 17600, Kelantan, MALAYSIA

Phone: +60 9-947 7000 ext. 2000


ABSTRACT

Rafflesia, the biggest flowers in the world, are considered majestic and are designated

ecotourism icons in several places in South East Asia. Currently, a total of 28 species is recorded

worldwide. The genus Rafflesia inhabits the forests of Malaysia, south Thailand, Borneo Island and

Indonesia, including Sumatra and Java. Ten species of Rafflesia are found in Peninsular Malaysia

alone. Generally, Rafflesia flowers are located only in specific areas. This study was carried out

in Royal Belum Forest Reserve in the state of Perak. This site was gazetted in 2007 and consists

of a total area of 117,500 ha, bordered by Thailand in the north, and in the east the state of

Kelantan, Malaysia. Our study aimed to update the distribution of species and their ecology, and to

determine their status for conservation purposes. The Rafflesia populations were mapped using

Global Positioning System (GPS), their ecology was observed and their respective distributions

were plotted using Geographical Information System (GIS). During this study, there were three

species of Rafflesia found in the Royal Belum Forest Reserve, namely Rafflesia cantleyi, Rafflesia

kerrii and Rafflesia azlanii. The species were recorded at Sg. Gadong, Sg. Kenarong, Sg. Selantan

and Sg. Kooi. The species distributions were compared with a study done by Siti Munirah in 2006.

It was found that the populations and the extent of their distribution had decreased in response

to habitat interruption by human intervention and by natural factors such as wildlife trampling on

the immature buds. However, other physiological and environmental factors were also taken into

account in considering efforts to conserve these unique flowers.

Keywords: conservation, ecology, Peninsular Malaysia, Rafflesia distribution.

8. DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF Rafflesia IN ROYAL BELUM FOREST RESERVE, PERAK, MALAYSIA

28

Huang Hongwen

South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CHINA


ABSTRACT

China is one of the richest countries of plant diversity with a high percent of plant species of the world

total and high endemism. China has approximate 33,000 higher plants, ranking the top two in the world, of

which more than half are endemic to China. This tremendous plant diversity encompasses a huge number

of species of bryophytes (c. 2,200 species), pteridophytes (c. 2,600 species), gymnosperms (c. 250 species),

and angiosperms (> 30,000 species) that occur in China, accounting for 9.1%, 22%, 26.7% and 10% of the

world total, respectively. Flora in China is the living remnants of the early Miocene floras of the whole

North Temperate regions and is the sources of numerous crops and of medicinal and horticultural plants.

Furthermore, a long history of agriculture civilization and crop plant domestication in China has generated

an enormous number of cultivated germplasm of crops, vegetables, fruits and ornamentals.

China has increasingly recognized the importance of plant diversity to the country’s efforts to conserve and

sustainably use of plant diversity. Botanical garden conserved flora is quite extensive. Recent survey shows

that the Chinese botanical gardens have maintained living collections of 23,340 species belonging to 3,633

genera, and 396 families in ex situ conservation.

This presentation provides a comprehensive introduction and a long term plan of a recently new initiative

of Ex situ Cultivated Flora of China, aiming three main goals: 1) Enhancement of taxonomic research with

common-garden based living specimens. The morphological and biological data collecting from common

garden should provide both adequate and accurate description and delimitation of difficult taxa when

traditional taxonomy revision were made based on herbarium specimens; 2) Support of comparative biology

and frontier plant science research, such as, with increasing awareness of environmental and habitat

changes in the overall background of climate changes on plant distributions in situ, the Ex situ Cultivated

Flora project should provides intensive plant biological information from different gardens across a wide

spectrum of different latitudes, regional climates and habitats to related research on species adaptive

evolution, plant migration and distribution shift and physiological or/and biochemical changes, etc.;

3) Strengthening germlasm discovery and sustainability of plant resource, which should enhance our

current ongoing efforts in medicinal plants, industrial bio-energy plants, landscaping and ornamental plants,

new functional fruits and vegetables, environmental meliorating plants, etc.

The project of Ex situ Cultivated Flora is prospected to be an important initiative of plant diversity research

platform for sustainable economic and social development in China.

9. EX SITU CULTIVATED FLORA OF CHINA

29

Inggit Puji Astuti1*, Sayyidah Fatchiyyah2, Dwi Arinyuni3, Nurjannah Yuanisa Ruliyanti4,

Gae Pius5, Blasius Ndahu6, Dian Andi Yudha7 and Dian Mustofa8

1) Center for Plant Conservation – Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Jln. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13 Bogor 16122, INDONESIA 2)Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro, Central Java, INDONESIA3)Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jendral Soedirman, Central Java, INDONESIA4) Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Padjajaran, West Java, INDONESIA5)Taman Nasional Kelimutu, NTT, INDONESIA6)Komando Daerah Militer 1602 Ende, NTT, INDONESIA7)Pasukan Komando Strategis TNI AU Abdul Rahman Saleh, East Java, INDONESIA8)Yonif 4 Marinir Cilandak, Jakarta, INDONESIA*Coresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Flores Island is one of the four major islands in the East Nusa Tenggara Province, of Indonesia.

Flores still has forest areas with adequate biological diversity. However, empirical data about

the biodiversity of plants resources is limited. The NKRI Expedition subregional 6 Ende was

carried out to reveal the biodiversity of plant resources on Flores. In the expedition’s inventory of

plants observed, two species of the genus Amorphophallus belonging to the Araceae family were

recorded. These are Amorphophallus muelleri and Amorphophallus paeoniifolius.

Keywords: Amorphophallus, Flores Island, NKRI Expedition, two species.

10. TWO SPECIES OF Amorphophallus FROM FLORES ISLAND

30

Irawati¹, Witjaksono², K. Nugraheni², Y. Isnaini¹, S. Mursidawati¹, E. Handini¹, R.V. Garvita¹,

A. Leksonowati², E.M.D. Rahayu¹ and R. Kusumawati¹

¹Center for Plant Conservation – Bogor Botanic Gardens

Indonesian Institute of Science

Jln. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13 Bogor 16122, INDONESIA

²Research Center of Biologi, LIPI, Cibinong, INDONESIA


ABSTRACT

In vitro culture of Amorphophallus titanum began more than a decade ago at Bogor Botanic

Gardens. The initial cultures originated from different sources; some of them were from the

gardens collections. Different parts of the plant were used as explants; axillary buds of the corm,

leaf veins and leaf sheaths. Murashige and Skoog (MS) formulation was used as the basal media;

and different plant growth regulators or organic substances were added to find out the most

suitable media for inoculation and for development of callus, root and shoot. Different types of

cultures were developed and single shoots or multiple shoots as well as compact and friable

culture were obtained from different explant sources. Zeatin added to MS medium gave the best

result for shoot and root induction and the addition of banana showed promising results for shoot

maturation in culture. The overall trials are described in this paper.

Keywords: Amorphophallus titanum, in vitro, propagation.

11. IN VITRO CULTURE OF Amorphophallus titanum AT BOGOR BOTANIC GARDENS

31

Muhammad Adlan Ali, Agus Hikmat, Ervizal Amir Muhammad Zuhud

Departement of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry

Jl. Ulin Kampus IPB Darmaga, Darmaga Bogor 16680, INDONESIA

Coresponding authors: [email protected]; [email protected];

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Bojonglarang Jayanti Nature Reserve (CABJ) is a Rafflesia patma habitat that has become

degraded, such that the species richness of flora around the habitat is low. The purpose of this

study was to compare several species richness estimation methods to determine the species

richness of the flora in the Rafflesia patma habitat of CABJ. The research was conducted in

March - April 2014 using a single quadrat habitat analysis and a literature study. The results

were analysed to estimate the expected species richness in the R. patma habitat using several

prosedures including rarefaction species richness analysis, nonparametric asymptotes, and

extrapolation analysis. Direct observation of elevan quadrats recorded a total of 41 species.

Meanwhile, rarefraction analysis of species richness estimated there to be 26 species in the

habitat. The results of the estimation using the nonparametric analysis method of Anne Chao

obtained a richness estimate of 46 species, ACE (Abundance-based Coverage Estimator)

procedures estimated 66 species, and jackknife species richness first order and second order

respectively, obtained 48 and 50 species. Finally, estimation using species richness extrapolation

estimated 51 species.

Keywords: flora, habitat, Rafflesia patma, species richness.

12. PLANT SPECIES RICHNESS ESTIMATION IN A Rafflesia patma Blume HABITAT USING RAREFACTION, NONPARAMETRIC ASYMPTOTES, AND EXTRAPOLATION ESTIMATION PROCEDURES

32

Rina Ratnasih Purnamahati Irwanto, Humaira Safitri Andari, Ardha Apriyanto, Liska Berlian

School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Jl. Ganesa 10, Bandung, INDONESIA

Coresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Titan arum (Amorphophallus titanum), a member of Araceae family, is endemic in the northern

part of Sumatera. The spectacular titan arum produces the largest recorded unbranched

inflorescence, which can reach 3.5 metres high. Given the importance of these species not only

for Indonesia but also for the world, it is necessary to take preventive action to conserve the

species, especially of their habitat. Exploring the habitat of Amorphophallus titanum was done in

ex situ and in situ locations. We collected data for in situ collection from Tanggamus mountain,

Lampung, while for ex situ collection we gathered data from Kebun Raya Cibodas and Taman

Hutan Raya Djuanda. The morphological and microclimate conditions were also recorded.

Furthermore, we used DNA barcoding markers to attain phylogenetic data. In the Tanggamus

mountain, in the secondary forest at an altitude of 500 m above sea level area, there are at least

eleven A. titanum individuals of vegetative phase. This location has a temperature of 22-250C and

an 82-94% humidity. The Amorphophallus titanum population from Tanggamus mountain has a

similar rbcL and matK sequences to the titan arum from Cibodas Botanical Garden, although they

differ slightly from the titan arum sequence on the GenBank Database.

Keywords: Amorphophallus titanum, conservation, DNA barcoding marker, habitat,

Tanggamus mountain.

13. EXPLORING THE HABITAT OF Amorphophallus titanum IN EX SITU AND IN SITU LOCATIONS

33

Siti Roosita Ariati and Dwi Murti Puspitaningtyas

Center for Plant Conservation – Bogor Botanic Gardens




ABSTRACT

The Titan Arum (Amorphophallus titanium (Becc.) Becc.) is an endemic plant of Sumatera. It was

discovered in the 19th century by the Florentine botanist Odoardo Beccari (1843-1920). Because of

its gigantic inflorescences, this plant is regarded as a flagship species for Bogor Botanic Gardens.

This plant naturally grows in the rainforests, or in adjacent crop plantations belonging to local

inhabitants. In the wild, its population suffers from increasing pressure on their natural habitat,

or by people cutting them off as weeds. In addition, illegal logging may also be a threat to its

population. Bogor Botanic Gardens can play an important role in the ex-situ conservation of the

species. This plant has been growing in ex situ conservation programs since 1954. The cultivation

of A. titanum is not easy but it offers a challenge for any horticulturist.

Keywords: Amorphophallus titanum, Bogor Botanic Gardens, ex situ, conservation, Sumatera.

14. EX SITU CONSERVATION of Amorphophallus titanium (Becc.) Becc.

IN BOGOR BOTANIC GARDEN

34

Siti Nurhidayati

Department of Biology

Middle Tennessee State University. USA


ABSTRACT

A literature review was conducted to summarize information, particularly recently published, on

the biology of Rafflesia. By far most of the recent papers on Rafflesia have named new species.

Since 2002, ten species have been discovered in the Philippines compared to three species in

Indonesia. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that floral gigantism in Rafflesia was a

recent and rapid innovation, genes in Rafflesia may have been horizontally transferred from the

host Tetrastigma, and a dramatic increase in diversification may be explained by Mid-Miocene

to Pliocene rainforest conditions as well as by flower size character displacement. A recent

morphological study has shown that the endophyte does not develop from an embryo, the flower

arises from an undifferentiated endophyte, and the host does not react to the parasite (except

when the flower forms). Unfortunately, we still know very little about the life cycle biology

and ecological relations of Rafflesia. Much of what we know comes from observations (e.g.

the discovery that ants may play a role in seed dispersal) and not from experimental evidence.

In the era of changing climates, we vitally need long-term population studies in relation to

environmental parameters.

Keywords: ecology, Rafflesia, host-parasite morphology, phylogeny, review.

15. A REVIEW ON THE BIOLOGY OF Rafflesia: what do we know and what’s next?

35

Sofi Mursidawati¹ , Irawati¹, Ngatari¹, Sarah Cardinal² and Richa Kusumawati¹



Jl. Ir. Juanda 13 Bogor-16003 - INDONESIA

²Conservatoire Botanique Nationale Brest

52 allée du Bot-29200 Brest – FRANCE


ABSTRACT

Plants in the genus Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) bear the largest flowers in the world. Almost all

member of this holoparasitic plant family have limited ranges and are rare or threatened.

Therefore this genus is important from a scientific and conservation perspective. An ex situ

conservation collection of a population of Rafflesia patma Blume was monitored at Bogor Botanic

Garden (BBG) for the first time (since 2004). Studies were made, including propagation trials

on both seed and vegetative material at BBG. Of all the propagation method tested, grafting on

to the host plants Tetrastigma scariosum (Blume) Planch proved to be the most successful for

growing R. patma, whereby blooming occurred seven time since 2010. Grafting is the quickest

way to propagate Rafflesia in cultivation. This cultivation process provides a new hope for the

conservation of this endangered charismatic genus. This paper describe the methods trialed

which were unsuccesfull as well as those which resulted in blooming events.

Keywords: ex situ conservation, grafting, Rafflesia patma

16. EX SITU CONSERVATION OF Rafflesia patma Blume (RAFFLESIACEAE) AN ENDANGERED EMBLEMATIC PARASITIC SPECIES FROM INDONESIA

36

Syamsul Hidayat, Kartika Ning Tyas, Sofi Mursidawati, and Yuzammi





ABSTRACT

Population density of Amorphophallus titanum ( Becc.) Becc. Has been studied in Bukit Daun

Reserve, Tebat Monok, Kepahiang District of Bengkulu during the last decade. The monitoring

was initiated in 2006 and continued from 2013 to 2014. The aim of the study has been to assess

habitat and population status over the last decade. Random sampling of potential sites was

carried out to gain population data and sampling of three stationary plots was carried out at fixed

observation points. The results suggest that there has been a decline in habitat quality and also

in the population of Amorphophallus titanum.

Keywords: Amorphohallus titanum, habitat, population, Bukit Daun Nature Reserve.

17. Amorphophallus titanum IN BUKIT DAUN NATURE RESERVE, BENGKULU

37

Tri Atmoko

Balai Penelitian Teknologi Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam

Badan Litbang dan Inovasi, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan

Jalan Soekarno-Hatta Km. 38 Samboja, Po.Box 758

Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur


ABSTRACT

A new occurrence of a Rafflesia sp. was found in Penajam Paser Utara District, East Kalimantan,

Indonesia. Its geographic position was at S0o54’04” E116o34’27”. It was growingat an altitude

of 326 a.s.l. on ground with steep sloping topography (35o). The area is a concession of PT. ITCI

Kartika Utama. The conditions of micro-climate, based on data collected directly in the field,

are 26.4 – 26.6oC for temperature and 205-7080 lux forlight intensity. The soil conditions are

generally sandy, with low pH anda low availability of the macro nutrients (N, P, K). The diameter

of stems of the Tetrastigma sp. host plant was measured as 4.5-5.1 cm. Several buds and dead

flowers were found with an average diameter of 4.5 cm and 12.8 cm respectively. Two specimens

were preserved at the Herbarium Wanariset (WAN). Forty-one plant species belonging to 23

families were found in the habitat. The Important Value Index (IVI) was calculated to estimate

the overall importance of each key species in the community structure. The upper tree canopy

was dominated by three species Eusideroxylon zwageri (IVI: 135.980%), Licania splendens (IVI:

24.923%), and Dacryodes rostrata (IVI: 23.849%). The middle canopy (pole level) was dominated

by Shorea parvifolia (IVI: 40.764%), Prunusbeccarii (IVI: 35.047%), and Zyzyphus sp. (IVI: 28.218%).

The lower canopy (sapling level) was dominated by Madhuca kingiana (IVI: 37.635%), Syzygium

sp. (IVI: 27.784%), and Xanthophyllum sp.1 (IVI: 27.316%). The seedling stage was dominated by

Diospyros sp. (IVI: 32.468%), Walsura sp. (IVI: 30.519%), and Hopea rudiformis (IVI: 23.377%).

Keywords: Rafflesia sp., habitat, micro-climate, Important Value Index (IVI).

18. PRELIMINARY STUDY OF Rafflesia sp. HABITAT IN EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

38

Tri Handayani and Yuzammi

Central for Plant Conservation - Bogor Botanic Gardens


Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13 Bogor (16122) – INDONESIA

Phone/Fax: +62 251 8322187

Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different growing media on seed germination,

seedling growth and seedling vigour of Amorphophallus muelleri (porang, in the Indonesian

language) during 2014 in the Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia. The treatments consisted

of three growing media (sand, cocopeat and charcoaled rice husk) laid out in a Completely

Randomized Design (CRD). The following parameters were assessed: days to first germination,

viability, seedling height, petiole circumference, leaf diameter, leaf length, leaf width, number of

roots, roots length, tuber diameter, fresh weight of seedling and fresh weight of tuber. The best

results for leaf width (2.70 cm) and root length (13.3 cm) were obtained in sand media. Most

rapid seed germination was found in cocopeat media. The best results for seed viability, seedling

height, petiole circumference, leaf diameter, number of roots, tuber diameter, fresh weight of

seedling and fresh weight of tuber were 72%, 19.7 cm, 3.35 cm, 8.89 cm, 26, 16.7 cm, 5.77 g and

2.43 g, respectively in the husk charcoal media. On the other hand, the cocopeat media showed

unsatisfactory results. It was also found that vegetative growth of seedlings could be effectively

classified into four identifiable stages.

Keywords: Amorphophallus muelleri, porang, growing media, seedling growth.

19. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GROWING MEDIA ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF PORANG (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)

39

Yuzammi1* and Wilbert L. A. Hetterscheid²




Phone/Fax: +62 251 8322187

²Von Gimborn Arboretum Verperengh 13941 BZ Doorn, NETHERLANDS*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The genus Amorphophallus belongs to the Araceae family. It consists of 200 species world-wide,

of which 25 occur in Indonesia. Among the Indonesian islands, Sumatera is the richest in terms

of the number of species of Amorphophallus, as well as in endemic species. There are 14 species

found in Sumatera, of which 11 species are endemic to the island, including the famous one with

the largest inflorescence in the world, Amorphophallus titanum. We provide a field key to the

species and full descriptions of each.

Keywords: Amorphophallus, Araceae, description, Sumatera.

20. THE GENUS Amorphophallus Blume Ex Decaine (ARACEAE – THOMSONIEAE) IN SUMATERA, INDONESIA

40

Yuzammi, Kartika Ning Tyas and Tri Handayani




Phone/Fax: +62 251 8322187


ABSTRACT

Amorphophallus titanum is a plant species endemic to Sumatera. It is found in all provinces of

Sumatra. Land degradation and illegal capture of hornbills (a distributor of A. titanum seeds) is

leading to extinction of A. titanum in the wild. Moreover, some people in Kapahiyang district in

Bengkulu Province believe that inside the petiole there is a magic stone, which encourages them

to harvest the plant in the wild. In order to conserve the species and save it from extinction,

there is an urgent need to develop methods to propagate it, not only in its natural habitat but

also outside it (ex situ). One propagation technique for growing A. titanum is from petiole calluses

which are naturally formed in the wild. This peculiar petiole growth phenomenon is one of the

plant's attempts to re-generate. In our research we aim to discover the factors triggering callus

growth from petiole pieces in the wild and to determine the viability of the callus after growing

it out ex situ in Bogor Botanic Gardens. The results of our field observations have shown that

environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and soil influenced the formation of the

callus in the wild. A standard technique to propagate petiole calluses ex situ was carried out on

several callus replicates. For each replicate the following parameters of growth were assessed:

the time of appearance of shoots; the plant height when the first leaf fully opened; the petiole

diameter; the diameter of the leaf lamina; and the number of young shoots. The size of the callus

affected the shoot and root growth. The best result was obtained from callus 2 cm in diameter,

which could produce 2 – 3 shoots with an average height of 18.8 cm.

Keywords: Amorphophallus titanum, callus, conservation, peculiar petiole growth, Sumatera.

21. THE PECULIAR PETIOLE GROWTH OF Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. Ex Arcang AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR CONSERVATION EFFORTS

41

Zulhazman Hamzah1*, Farah Khaliz Kedri¹, Nurqayyum Nadia Wan Arifin² and Nasihah Mokhtar²

¹Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan,

Locked Bag 36, 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, MALAYSIA

²Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52110 Kepong,

Selangor DarulEhsan, MALAYSIA.*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This paper is a report continuing on from previous studies on the conservation of Rafflesia in

Lojing Highlands, Kelantan. This area is one of the oldest rainforests but has been subject to

destruction from large scale, unsustainable agricultural practices. However, in July 2001, the

State Government of Kelantan declared 400 ha of the forest as a Rafflesia Conservation Area. An

important factor in the efforts to encourage conservation of the area is the presence of the local

Temiar ethnic community. The Temiar still rely on forest products for their daily livelihood and

depend on a healthy forest for the security of their drinking water supply and for hunting. They

also acts as guides for tourists who come to enjoy the uniqueness of Rafflesia in the wild. Our

study in the area began in 2008. The fundamental features of this study were reported previously

at the RENPER 2012 seminar in Bengkulu, Indonesia. This present paper provides an up-date. It

also discusses the conflict between conservation and agricultural practices, and how the local

Temiar ethnic minority will participate in the conservation activities.

Keywords: alternative livelihood, conservation, Rafflesia, Temiar ethnic group.

22. CONSERVATION OF Rafflesia AND ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS: A CASE STUDY IN KELANTAN,

MALAYSIA

42

Zulhazman Hamzah1*, Nurqayyum Nadia Wan Arifin¹, M.Y. Siti Munirah² and Farah Khaliz Kedri¹

¹Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kampus Jeli, Beg Berkunci No. 100, 17600

Jeli, Kelantan, MALAYSIA.

²Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52110 Kepong,

Selangor Darul Ehsan, MALAYSIA.*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Lojing Highlands in Kelantan provide many valuable natural treasures namely Rafflesia kerrii.

Land used shape agriculture such as urbanization, road network or other uses have caused

or contributed to the extinction of R. kerrii in Lojing Highlands. Unsustainable cutting of forest

especially for vegetable farms is potentially decreasing the growth of R. kerrii population. An

observation on growth and development were investigated to prove that the current situation

in Lojing Highlands played as the major causes for its growth and development. The method

used was cluster mapping where the Rafflesia area was divided into its population based on the

available host; Tetrastigma hookerii and T. rafflesia. Ecological data were collected every month

started from May 2011 to November 2012. A total of 476 buds of R. kerrii from 17 populations

have been recorded with the diameter size of the host is ranged between 5.0 cm to 15.0 cm. The

highest number of bud growth was recorded in Population 6 with 42.7% or 129 buds. Meanwhile,

no bud growth was observed in Population 12. After conducting the study, the highest number of

buds was recorded in February 2012; 14.6% or 46 buds. During the study period, it was reported

that the bud growth became faster as its development started from Phase III. Thus, the study on

growth and development of R. kerrii is necessary in order to obtain its population.

Keywords: development, growth, habitat, Lojing Highlands, Rafflesia kerrii.

23. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF Rafflesia kerrii POPULATION IN KELANTAN, PENINSULAR

MALAYSIA

Rafflesia sppGIANT FLOWERS PHOTO CONTEST

44

Rafflesia patma Bl. at Bogor Botanic Gardens, Bogor, Province of West Java. 5 November 2012. Photo by: Ayi Doni Darussalam ([email protected])

Rafflesia patma Bl. at Bogor Botanic Gardens, Bogor, Province of West Java . 5 November 2012Photo by: Ayi Doni Darussalam ([email protected])

Rafflesia patma Bl. at Bogor Botanic Gardens, Bogor, Province of West Java. 29 July 2015. Photo by: Tatang Rohana

Rafflesia patma Bl. at Bogor Botanic Gardens, Bogor, Province of West Java. 2 January 2014. Photo by: Ayi Doni Darussalam ([email protected])

45

Rafflesia patma Bl. at Bogor Botanic Gardens, Bogor, Province of West Java. 5 November 2012. Photo by: Ayi Doni Darussalam ([email protected])

Rafflesia patma Bl. at Bogor Botanic Gardens, Bogor, Province of West Java. 29 July 2015. Photo by: Erti Ernawati ([email protected])

Rafflesia arnoldii R.Br. at Bukit Daun Nature Reserve, Province of Bengkulu. Photo by: Roni Septianda ([email protected])

Rafflesia sp, at Anambas Island Province of Riau Photo by: Muhtar Hakim. R ([email protected])

46

Rafflesia arnoldii R. Br. at Bukit Daun Nature Reserve, Province of Bengkulu, 6 october 2011. Photo by: Neka Afnidarti ( [email protected])

Rafflesia hasseltii Suringar. at Kerinci Seblat National Park, Province of Jambi. 25 March 2011. Photo by: Nurul Marufi ([email protected])

Rafflesia sp, at Anambas Island Province of Riau Photo by: Muhtar Hakim. R ([email protected])

Rafflesia arnoldii R.Br. at Bukit Daun Nature Reserve, Province of Bengkulu, 6 october 2011. Photo by: Neka Afnidarti ( [email protected])

47

Rafflesia arnoldii R.Br. at Bukit Daun Nature Reserve, Province of Bengkulu21 April 2015. Photo by: Sofian Rafflesia ([email protected])

Rafflesia lawangensis Susatya & Mahyuni at Leuser National Park, Province of Aceh May 2007. Photo by: Ridha Mahyuni ([email protected])

Rafflesia hasseltii Suringar. at Kerinci Seblat National Park, Province of Jambi, 25 March 2011. Photo by: Nurul Marufi ([email protected])

Rafflesia lawangensis Susatya & Mahyuni at Leuser National Park, Province of AcehMay 2007. Photo by: Ridha Mahyuni ([email protected])

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Rafflesia arnoldii R.Br. at Bukit Daun Nature Reserve, Province of Bengkulu. 21 April 2015. Photo by: Sofian Rafflesia ([email protected])


Rafflesia arnoldii R.Br. at Bukit Daun Nature Reserve, Province of Bengkulu21 April 2015. Photo by: Sofian Rafflesia ([email protected])


49



Rafflesia arnoldii R. Br. at Tebat Monok District, Province of BengkuluMarch 2014. Photo by: Sungjun Kim ([email protected])

Rafflesia arnoldii R. Br. at Tebat Monok District, Province of BengkuluMarch 2014. Photo by: Sungjun Kim ([email protected])

50

Rafflesia arnoldii R.Br. at Tebat Monok District, Province of Bengkulu. March2014. Photo by: Sungjun Kim ([email protected])

Rafflesia gadutensis Meijer R.Br. at TAHURA DR.M.HATTA, Province of West Sumatera 7 May 2015. Photo by:Yuliza Rahma ([email protected])



51

Rafflesia rochusenii Teijsm. & Binn. at Cibodas Botanic Garden, Province of West Java. 7 July 2011. Photo by: Irawati ([email protected])

Rafflesia rochusenii Teijsm.& Binn. at Cibodas Botanic Garden, Province of West Java. 7 July 2011. Photo by: Irawati ([email protected])

Rafflesia meijerii Wiriadinata & Sari at Tele Toba Regency, Province of North Sumatera. 27 October 2010. Photo by: Sugiarti ([email protected])

Rafflesia meijerii Wiriadinata & Sari at Tele Toba Regency, Province of North Sumatera. 27 October 2010. Photo by: Sugiarti ([email protected])

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Rafflesia arnoldii R.Br. at IHK Flora Exhibition, Goyang City, South Korea. May 2014. Photo by: Sofi Mursidawati ([email protected])

Rafflesia arnoldii R.Br. at IHK Flora Exhibition, Goyang City, South Korea. May 2014. Photo by: Sofi Mursidawati ([email protected])

Amorphophallus titanum Becc.GIANT FLOWERS PHOTO CONTEST

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Amorphophallus titanum Becc. at Bogor Botanic Gardens, Bogor, West Java2 Februari 2012. Photo by: Ayi Doni Darussalam ([email protected])

Amorphophallus titanum Becc. at Bogor Botanic Gardens, Bogor, West Java. 2 Februari 2012. Photo by: Ayi Doni Darussalam ([email protected])

Amorphophallus titanum Becc. at Tebat Monok District, Province of Bengkulu. 28 September 2013. Photo by: Sugiarti ([email protected])

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Amorphophallus titanum Becc. at Bogor Botanic Gardens, Bogor, West Java4 Mei 2014. Photo by: Ayi Doni Darussalam ([email protected])

Amorphophallus titanum Becc. at Bogor Botanic Gardens, Bogor, West Java. 26 November 2012.Photo by: Ayi Doni Darussalam ([email protected])


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Amorphophallus titanum Becc. at Tebat Monok District, Province of Bengkulu. 28 September 2013. Photo by: Sofi Mursidawati ([email protected])

Amorphophallus titanum Becc. at Tebat Monok District , Province of Bengkulu. March 2014. Photo by: Sungjun Kim ([email protected])

Amorphophallus titanum Becc. at Tebat Monok District, Province of BengkuluMarch 2014. Photo by: Sungjun Kim ([email protected])

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Amorphophallus titanum Becc. at Cibodas Botanic Garden, Cianjur Regency, Province of West Java. 11 May 2011. Photo by: Trisno Utomo ([email protected])



58

Amorphophallus titanum Becc. at IHK Flora Exhibition, Goyang City, South KoreaMay 2013. Photo by: Sugiarti ([email protected])

Amorphophallus titanum Becc. at IHK Flora Exhibition, Goyang City, South KoreaMay 2013. Photo by: Sugiarti ([email protected])

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Amorphophallus titanum Becc. at Kapahyang Regency, Province of Bengkulu. 21 April 2006. Photo by: Yuzammi ([email protected])

Amorphophallus titanum Becc. at Lembah Anai , Province of West Sumatera23 May 2006. Photo by: Yuzammi ([email protected])

Profile

62

BENGKULU PROVINCE PROFILE

Bengkulu is the capital of Bengkulu province in the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. The Province is

bounded by the Indian Ocean to the west, the South Sumatra Province to the east, West Sumatra

Province to the north and Lampung Province to the southeast. Its location, which directly facesthe

Indian Ocean, was developed as a trading post by the British during the 17th century. In 1714 they

built the famous Fort of Marlborough there.

Bengkulu was formerly known as Benconden. It was the place where Sir Stamford Raffles first

came to Indonesia and left the remains of British influence. In 1824, Bengkulu was handed over

to the Dutch as part of the agreements made under the Anglo-Dutch treaty of 1824. In time,

Bengkulu became part of the Indonesian nation. The first president of the Republic of Indonesia,

Soekarno, was once exiled to this province during the nationalist struggle against the Dutch

colonialists.

Fort Marlborough, Bengkulu, Indonesia

63

Pepper, nutmeg, coffee and sugar cane are the primary crops that first drew the Europeans to the

area. The rare giant flower, Rafflesia arnoldi, is one of the exotic, natural attractions of Bengkulu.

The culture of Bengkulu today is mostly influenced by Islamic traditions. Bengkulu has a popular

festival called the “Tabot Festival”. Tabot Festival is a ceremony of the Islamic community which

commemorates the death of the Prophet Muhammad’s grandsons, Hasan and Husein. The

tradition was first brought to Bengkulu by Shia Muslim workers from India, whom the British

brought to their coastal trading-post to build Fort Marlborough. The Tabot Festival ceremony is

actually not only celebrated in Bengkulu, but also in several other regions of Sumatra. However,

the Tabot Festival has become a special cultural attraction of Bengkulu Province.

The house of Bung Karno (The First President of Indonesia Ir. Soekarno), Bengkulu, Indonesia

64

There are many interesting places to be seen in this province. The well preserved buildings such

as Fort Marlborough, Hamilton Monument, Thomas Parr Monument, British Cemetery and Fort York

are prominent historical landmarks. The house of Bung Karno (The First President of Indonesia,

Ir. Soekarno), still standing, is another interesting historical building that can be visited by

tourists. The natural attractions such as Bukit Kaba (Kaba Hill), Jakat Beach, Duayu Sekundang

Beach and Harun Bastari Lake are interesting destinations for visitors. The Enggano Island of

Bengkulu, in the Indian Ocean is famous for its beauty.

The Largest Flower in the World, Raflesia arnoldii, Bengkulu, Indonesia

65

CENTER FOR PLANT CONSERVATION - BOGOR BOTANIC GARDENUnder the administration of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences, the Center for Plant

Conservation Bogor Botanic Garden functions to conserve native Indonesian flora, as well as to

research and promote sustainable use of plant resources, and to provide botanical education

and recreation for the public at large. Established in 1817, the Bogor Botanic Gardens currently

maintains over 3500 species in its collection. At national level Center for Plant Conservation act

as scientific authority.

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTRYThe Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia is responsible for determining the policies

and direction to ensure a sustainable environment for a better human quality of life in line with

improving the ability of natural resources to contribute to the national economy. Ministry of

Environment and Forestry act as Management Authority at national level.

REGIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL - GOVERNMENT Of BENGKULUThe Regional Research Council (RRC) is an organization under the Local Government of Bengkulu.

Established in 2009, the Regional Research Council has the function of providing advocational

support to local government in the field of research and technology and to act as a research

coordinator in developing research within Bengkulu and other provinces of Indonesia. The mision

of the RRC is to develop the results of research and technology applicable to current conditions at

the regional level.

66

No. Participants Institution Email

1. Abdul Saab Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

Hp. 085381327061

2. Abdullah Wazir Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

3. Adi Susmianto Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan - Gedung Manggala Wanabakti Blok VII Lantai 7, Jl. Jenderal Gatot Subroto Jakarta 10270

4. Adithyo Wicaksono Xenobiota - Jl. Palapa II No. 25, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selatan (12520) - INDONESIA

[email protected]

5. Agus Hikmat Institut Pertanian Bogor - Jl. Raya Dramaga - Bogor, INDONESIA

[email protected]

6. Ainsyah Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

7. Almidianto Kelompok Peduli Puspa Langka - Kab. Kepahiyang Bengkulu- INDONESIA

8. Ari Winarti Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

Hp. 08111553137

9. Arianto Wahyudi Bengkulu, INDONESIA [email protected]

10. Asnody Restiawan Kelompok Peduli Puspa Langka - Kab. Kepahiyang Bengkulu- INDONESIA

11. Bandi Hermawan Dewan Riset Daerah - Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

12. Bambang Dahono Aji Gedung Manggala Wanabakti Blok VII Lantai 7, Jl. Jenderal Gatot Subroto Jakarta 10270

Telp/Fax. 021 572 0227

13. Bambang Supriyanto Direktorat Pemanfaatan Jasa Lingkungan Hutan Konservasi, Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Dan Ekosistem. Jl. Ir. H. Juanda 15, Bogor

Tel/Fax. 0251 8324013, [email protected]

14. Budi Achmadi Kelompok Peduli Puspa Langka, Kab. Kepahiyang Bengkulu- INDONESIA

15. Budi Maratoni Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

16. Caesar Colina Sr. Mayor - Maragusan Compostela Valley, PHILIPPINA

17. Christopher Lim HILK - 795, Pung-dong, Ilsandong-guGoyang-si Gyeonggi-do KOREA

[email protected]

18. Dede Kusyana Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

19. Dedy Darnaedi Puslit Biologi – LIPI - INDONESIA [email protected]

20. Dennis Ruldan Tourism Council Office - Maragusan Compostella Valley, PHILIPPHINES

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

67


21. Deska Ayu Safitri Kelompok Peduli Puspa Langka - Kab. Kepahiyang Bengkulu- INDONESIA

22. Destri Kebun Raya Cibodas - Jl. Raya Cipanas Sindanglaya Cianjur, INDONESIA

[email protected]

23. Desy Satya Candra Dewi Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup & Kehutanan

24. Dewi Lestari Kebun Raya Eka Karya Bali - Jl. Raya Bedugul, Ds Candi Kuning Bedugul Bali - INDONESIA

25. Dian Latifah PKT. Kebun Raya LIPI - Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13 Bogor, INDONESIA

[email protected]

26. Didik Widyatmoko PKT. Kebun Raya LIPI - Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13 Bogor, INDONESIA

[email protected]

27. Djauhar Asikin PKT. Kebun Raya LIPI - Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13 Bogor, INDONESIA

[email protected]

28. Dodhy Shaputra Kelompok Peduli Puspa Langka - Kab. Kepahiyang Bengkulu- INDONESIA

29. Domingo Madulid De La SalleUniversity - Biology Department 2401 Taft Avenue- Manila 1004 – PHILIPPINES

[email protected]

30. Dwi Mei Fitriani Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

31. Dwi Murti Puspita Ningtyas

PKT Kebun Raya Bogor - Jl. Juanda 13 Bogor, INDONESIA

[email protected]

32. Edhi Sandra ESHA Flora - Jl. Raya Cimanggu – Bogor, INDONESIA

33. Eki Susanto Fak. Pertanian dan Kehutanan -UNIB - Jl. Raya Kandang Limun -Bengkulu, INDONESIA

34. Elbert Wijaya Jl.Kembang Ayu 1 E1/5 Jakarta Barat 11610, INDONESIA, Phone: 081932077092

[email protected]

35. Elvy Kurniati Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

Hp. 085381553222

36. Enda Fitri Sari Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

Hp. 081328477373

37. Enny Sudarmonowati Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia - Jl. Gatot Subroto 10, Jakarta - INDONESIA

38. Epan Gustiawan Kelompok Peduli Puspa Langka - Kab. Kepahiyang Bengkulu- INDONESIA

39. Erti Ernawati PKT Kebun Raya Bogor - Jl. Juanda 13 Bogor, INDONESIA

[email protected]

40. Esperanza Maribel Agoo De La Salle University - Biology Department 2401 Taft Avenue- Manila 1004 – PHILIPPINES

[email protected]

41. Evan Chandra Wirawan Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

Hp. 085267114313

68


42. Evelyn Riandini Institute Pertanian Bogor - Jl. Raya Dramaga, Bogor, INDONESIA

43. Farah Khaliz binti Kedri Faculty of Earth Science - University Malaysia Kelantan, Locked bak.36, 16100 Pengkalan Chepa Kelantan MALAYSIA

[email protected]

44. Farianzory Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

45. Farida Mukhtar Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

46. Ferdinand Bautista MENRO - Maragusan Compostela Valley, PHILIPPHINES

47. Ferdy Rosbarnawan Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

Hp. 085379501111

48. Gilang Ibnu Kelompok Peduli Puspa Langka - Kab. Kepahiyang Bengkulu- INDONESIA

49. Hardenni Meidianto Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

50. Hartono Gedung Manggala Wanabakti Blok VII Lantai 7, Jl. Jenderal Gatot Subroto Jakarta 10270

Telp/Fax. 021 572 0229

51. Harwindah Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

Hp.085718298271

52. Haslinda Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

53. Hendra Gunawan Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan, Badan Litbang Kehutanan, - Jl. Gunung Batu No.5, Bogor, INDONESIA

[email protected]

54. Herman Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

55. Hery Suhartoyo Dewan Riset Daerah - Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

56. H. Z. Anudin Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

57. Holidin Kelompok Peduli Puspa Langka - Kab. Kepahiyang Bengkulu- INDONESIA

58. Indarwati Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. Jln. Gunung Batu 5, Bogor-INDONESIA

Hp. 081381133019

59. Indra Wirianto Jl. Riau Perum Lily Spring Garden No. 15 Pekan Baru 2892 Riau, INDONESIA Phone: 081371659999

[email protected]

60. Inggit P. Astuti PKT. Kebun Raya Bogor - Jl. Ir. Juanda 13 Bogor, INDONESIA

[email protected]

69


61. Irawati PKT. Kebun Raya Bogor - Jl. Ir. Juanda 13 Bogor, INDONESIA

[email protected]

62. Iriansyah Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

63. Irpeka Aryani Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

Hp. 085269606022

64. Iskandar Zulkarnain Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia - Jl. Gatot Subroto 10, Jakarta - INDONESIA

65. Jamili Nais Sabah Park - Sabah - MALAYSIA

66. Johan Utama Perbatasari Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. Jln. Gunung Batu 5, Bogor

Hp. 081522851966

67. Juliandono Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

Hp. 081373456517

68. Julisasi Tri Hadiah PKT. Kebun Raya Bogor - Jl. Ir. Juanda 13 Bogor, INDONESIA

[email protected]

69. Junaidi Rusli Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

70. Krisna Kelompok Peduli Puspa Langka - Kab. Kepahiyang Bengkulu- INDONESIA

71. Lily Ismaini Kebun Raya Cibodas - Jl. Raya Cipanas Sindanglaya Cianjur, INDONESIA

[email protected]

72. Lukman Hakim Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia - Jl.Gatot Subroto 10, Jakarta INDONESIA

73. M. Adlan Institut Pertanian Bogor - Jl. Raya Dramaga - Bogor, INDONESIA

[email protected]

74. M. Fadli Saleh Kelompok Peduli Puspa Langka - Kab. Kepahiyang Bengkulu- INDONESIA

75. Mar Athun Hidaya Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, -Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

Hp. 081273005100

76. Mardian Farizal Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

Hp. 085268355522

77. Marini Sipayung Kelompok Peduli Puspa Langka - Kab. Kepahiyang Bengkulu- INDONESIA

78. Marlina Siregar Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

Hp. 0813777777285

79. Muhammad Ikhsan Kelompok Peduli Puspa Langka - Kab. Kepahiyang, Bengkulu- INDONESIA

80. M. Syamsir Alam Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

81. Murata Jin Botanic Garden Kyoto University - JAPAN [email protected]

70


82. Neka Afnidarti Fak. Kehutanan Universitas Bengkulu - Jl. Kandang Limun, Bengkulu INDONESIA

83. Ngaidin Fauzi Kelompok Peduli Puspa Langka - Kab. Kepahiyang Bengkulu- INDONESIA

84. Ni Putu Sri Asih PKT. Kebun Raya Eka Karya Bali - Jl. Raya Bedugul, Bali, INDONESIA

85. Nopiza Alwi Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

Hp. 081367777101

86. Noprianto Kelompok Peduli Puspa Langka - Kab. Kepahiyang Bengkulu- INDONESIA

87. Nurana Azhari Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, -Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

88. Nurdin Gultom Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

Hp. 082177790885

89. Peter Boyce Pusat Pengkajian Sains Kajihayat (School of Biological Sciences) University Sains – 11800 USM Pulau Penang MALAYSIA

[email protected]. +60173292609

90. PilyongYun National Institute of Ecology - Biological Collection & Greenhouse management Team- 1210 , Geumgang-RoMaso-Myeon Seocheon-Gun, Chungcheongnam-Do – KOREA

[email protected]

91. Pitaimiko Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

92. Puja Utama Gedung Manggala Wanabakti Blok VII Lantai 7, Jl. Jenderal Gatot Subroto Jakarta 10270

Telp/Fax. 021 572 0227Hp. 08127963755

93. Rahmi Wati Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

Hp. 085267109070

94. Reni Marlina Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

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96. Reza Raihan INDONESIA

97. Richat Naxsen Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

98. Ridha Mahyuni Cibinong Science Center - Center for Biology Research & Development, Jl. Raya Cibinong – Bogor, INDONESIA

99. Rina Institut Teknologi Bandung - Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung INDONESIA

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100. Ronggigaga Sianipar Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

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101. Roslaini Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

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102. Rosniati Apriani Risna PKT. Kebun Raya LIPI - Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13 Bogor, INDONESIA

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103. Sarah Cardinal Conservatoire Botanique National De Brest - 52 Alee du Bot-29200 Brest- FRANCE

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104. Sarpendi Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

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106. Septian Driki Kelompok Peduli Puspa Langka - Kab. Kepahiyang Bengkulu- INDONESIA

107. Shandy Destiadi Institute Pertanian Bogor - Jl. Raya Dramaga, Bogor, INDONESIA

108. Siti Munirah Forest Research Institute MALAYSIA [email protected]

109. Siti Nurhidayati Biology Departement - Middle Tenesse State University (MTSU), USA

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110. Siti Roosita Ariati PKT. Kebun Raya LIPI - Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13 Bogor, INDONESIA

111. Siti Salamah Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

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112. Sofi Mursidawati PKT Kebun Raya LIPI - Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13 Bogor, INDONESIA

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113. Sofiyan Raflesia Kelompok Peduli Puspa Langka - Kab. Kepahiyang Bengkulu- INDONESIA

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114. Sri Wahyuni Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

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115. Sudirman Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

116. Sugiarti PKT Kebun Raya LIPI - Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13 Bogor, INDONESIA

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117. Sulaeman Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

118. Suranti INDONESIA

119. Syamsul Hidayat PKT Kebun Raya LIPI - Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13 Bogor, INDONESIA

120. Tachrir Fathoni Gedung Manggala Wanabakti Blok VII Lantai 7, Jl. Jenderal Gatot Subroto Jakarta 10270 - INDONESIA

121. Tri Atmoko Balai PenelitianTeknologi Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam - Badan Litbang dan Inovasi, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan - Jalan Soekarno-Hatta Km. 38 Samboja, Po.Box 758 Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur, INDONESIA

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122. Tri Handayani PKT Kebun Raya LIPI - Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13 Bogor, INDONESIA

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123. Tubagus Ardian Gunawan Kelompok Peduli Puspa Langka - Kab. Kepahiyang Bengkulu- INDONESIA

124. Yanti Kelompok Peduli Puspa Langka - Kab. Kepahiyang Bengkulu- INDONESIA

125. Yudi Batra Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

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127. Yuhani Balitbang dan Statistik Daerah Prov.Bengkulu, - Jl. Pembangunan No.15, Bengkulu, INDONESIA

128. Yuliza Rahma Universitas Andalas - Desa Kampung Apar, Kec. Pariaman Selatan, Kota Pariaman, Sumbar, INDONESIA

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129. Yuzammi PKT Kebun Raya LIPI - Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13 Bogor, INDONESIA

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130. Zul Kelompok Peduli Puspa Langka - Kab. Kepahiyang Bengkulu- INDONESIA

131. Zulhazman Hamzah Faculty of Earth Science, - Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Locked bag 36, 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan - MALAYSIA

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