international numbering system for food additives

CLASS NAMES AND THE INTERNATIONAL NUMBERING SYSTEM FORFOOD ADDITIVES

SECTION 1

Foreword

Background

The International Numbering System for Food Additives (INS) has been prepared by the CodexCommittee on Food Additives and Contaminants (CCFAC) for the purpose of providing an agreed internationalnumerical system for identifying food additives in ingredient lists as an alternative to the declaration of thespecific name which is often lengthy and a complex chemical structure. It has been based on the restrictedsystem already introduced successfully within the EEC.

The need for the identification of food additives on food labels arises from the provisions of the CodexGeneral Standard for the labelling of Prepackaged Foods (CODEX STAN 1 - 1985). This contains thefollowing specific provisions relating to the declaration and identification of food additives in the list ofingredients.

"4.2.2.3. For food additives falling in the respective classes and appearing in lists of foodadditives permitted for use in foods generally, the following class titles should be used together withthe specific name or recognised numerical identification as required by natural legislation."

As required by this provision, the identification numbers are for use only in conjunction with classtitles which are meaningful to consumers as descriptions of the actual functions of food additives. As anexample, tartrazine when used as a colour in food could be declared as either "colour (tartrazine)" or "colour102". The advantages of the system are perhaps more apparent in the following example - "thickener (sodiumcarboxymethyl cellulose)" or "thickener 466".

The 18th Session (July 1989) of the Codex Alimentarius Commission adopted the INS as a CodexAdvisory Text on the basis that the list would be an open one and that proposals for inclusion of furtheradditives would be considered (ALINORM 89/40, para 297).

Composition of the INS

The INS is intended as an identification system for food additives approved for use in one or moremember countries. It does not imply toxicological approval by Codex but is a means of identifying foodadditives on a world-wide basis. The list extends well beyond those additives currently cleared by the JointFAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).

The INS does not include flavours since the Codex General Standard for Labelling does not requirethese to be specifically identified in the list of ingredients. Further, it does not include chewing gum bases, anddietetic and nutritive additives.

Enzymes which function as food additives are included in the INS along with the technologicalfunctions they perform. It was not possible to insert these enzymes in the INS in close proximity to other foodadditives with similar functions (eg flour treatment agents). They have therefore been included together in an1100 series.

Explanatory notes on the lay-out of the INS

The INS in numerical order (Section 3) is set out in three columns giving the identification number, thename of the food additive and the technological functions. The identification number for labelling purposesusually consists of three or four digits such as 100 for Curcumins and 1001 for Chlorine salts and esters. However in some instances the number is followed by an alphabetical subscript for example 150a identifiesCaramel I-plain, 150b identifies Caramel II-caustic sulphite process, and so on. Therefore, the numbersincluding any alphabetical subscripts are for use on labels.

Under the column listing the name of the food additive, some additives are further subdivided bynumerical subscripts, such as (i), (ii), etc. For example, Curcumins are subdivided into (i) Curcumin and (ii)Turmeric. These identifications are not for labelling purposes but simply to identify sub-classes (in this case ofCurcumins) which are covered by separate specifications.

The various technological functions performed by the food additives are included in the INS in a thirdcolumn. The functions listed are indicative rather than exhaustive and are not intended for labelling purposes.

For labelling purposes, the technological functions are grouped under more descriptive functional classtitles which are intended to be meaningful to consumers. These are listed in Section 2 along with simpledefinitions of the function performed.

The twenty-three class titles given in Section 2 have been endorsed by the Codex Committee on FoodLabelling and were adopted by the 19th Session (July 1991) of the Codex Alimentarius Commission(ALINORM 91/40, para 181).

A single food additive can often be used for a range of technological functions in a food and it remainsthe responsibility of the manufacturer to declare the most descriptive functional class in the list of ingredients. For example, sulphur dioxide may function as either a preservative or an antioxidant in foods and maytherefore be declared in the list of ingredients as "preservative 220" or "antioxidant 220", as appropriate.

In preparing the INS in numerical order an effort has been made to group food additives with similarfunctions together in line with the previous procedure used with EEC numbers. However, because of theextension of the list and its open nature most of the three digit numbers have already been allocated. Consequently, the positioning of a food additive in the list can no longer be taken as an indication of thefunction, although this will often be the case.

It should be noted that a few of the numbers previously allocated within the EEC have been changed tofacilitate grouping of similar additives in a more effective layout. This applies particularly to the diphosphatesand polyphosphates which have now been grouped under numbers 450 to 452 and to the mineral hydrocarbonsnow grouped under number 905. Further changes of this nature are not expected and would be made onlyunder exceptional and justified circumstances such as in order to prevent the confusion of consumers or avoidundue difficulties for industry.

The open nature of the list

Because of its primary purpose of identification, the INS is an open list subject to the inclusion ofadditional additives or removal of existing ones on an ongoing basis. Similarly, the CCFAC will maintain anongoing review, in conjunction with the Codex Committee on Food Labelling, of the functional class titlesspecified for use in food labelling.

In line with the above purpose of the INS, members governments and international organizations areinvited to make proposals to the CCFAC on an ongoing basis regarding

- additional food additives for which an international identification number can be justified

- additional functional class titles for use in food labelling in conjunction with the INS

- the deletion of food additives or class titles

Proposals should be directed in the first instance to the Chief, Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme,FAO, 00100, Rome, ITALY.

SECTION 2

TABLE OF FUNCTIONAL CLASSES, DEFINITIONS AND TECHNOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS

FUNCTIONALCLASSES(for labelling purposes)

DEFINITION SUB-CLASSES(technicological functions)

1. Acid Increases the acidity and/or imparts a sour tasteto a food

acidifer

2. Acidity regulator

Alters or controls the acidity or alkalinity of afood

acid, alkali, base, buffer,buffering agent, pH adjustingagent

3. Anticaking agent

Reduces the tendency of particles of food toadhere to one another

anticacking agent, antistickagent, drying agent, dustingpowder, release agent

4. Antifoaming agent

Prevents or reduces foamingantifoaming agent

5. Antioxidant Prolongs the shelf-life of foods by protectingagainst deterioration caused by oxidation, suchas fat rancidity and colour changes

antioxidant, antioxidantsynergist, sequestrant

6. Bulking agents

A substance, other than air or water, whichcontributes to the bulk of a food withoutcontributing significantly to its available energyvalue bulking agent, filler

7. Colour Adds or restores colour in a food colour8. Colour retention

agentStabilizes, retains or intensifies the colour of afood colour fixative, colour

stabilizer9. Emulsifier Forms or maintains a uniform mixture of two or

more immiscible phases such surface as oil andwater in a food

emulsifier, plasticizer,dispersing agent, surface activeagent, surfactant, wetting agent

10. Emulsifying salt

Rearranges cheese proteins in the manufactureof processed cheese, in order to prevent fatseparation melding salt, sequestrant

11. Firming agent

Makes or keeps tissues of fruit or vegetablesfirm and crisp, or interacts with gelling agentsto produce or strengthen a gel firming agent

12. Flavour enhancer

Enhances the existing taste and/or odour of afood flavour enhancer, flavour

modifier, tenderizer13. Flour treatment

agentA substance added to flour to improve itsbaking quality or colour

bleaching agent, doughimprover, flour improver

14. Foaming agent

Makes it possible to form or maintain a uniformdispersion of a gaseous phase in a liquid orsolid food

whipping agent, aerating agent

15. Gelling agent

Gives a food texture through formation of a gel gelling agent

16. Glazing agent A substance which, when applied to theexternal surface of a food, imparts a shinyappearance or provides a protective coating

coating, sealing agent, polish

17. Humectant Prevents food from drying out by counteractingthe effect of an wetting agent atmospherehaving a low degree of humidity

moisture/water retention agent,wetting agent

FUNCTIONALCLASSES(for labelling purposes)

DEFINITION SUB-CLASSES(technicological functions)

18. Preservative Prolongs the shelf-life of a food by protectingagainst deterioration caused by microorganisms

antimicrobial preservative,antimycotic agent,bacteriophage control agent,chemosterilant/ wine maturingagent, disinfection agent

19. Propellant A gas, other than air, which expels a food froma container

propellant

20. Raising agent A substance or combination of substanceswhich liberate gas and thereby increase thevolume of a dough

leavening agent, raising agent

21. Stabilizer Makes it possible to maintain a uniformdispersion of two or more immisciblesubstances in a food

binder, firming agentmoisture/water retention agent,foam stabilizer

22. Sweetener A non-sugar substance which imparts a sweettaste to a food

sweetener, artificial sweetner,nutritive sweetner

23. Thickener Increases the viscosity of a food thickening agent, texturizer,bodying agent

SECTION 3

LIST IN NUMERICAL ORDER

No. Name of Food Additive Technical Function(s)100 Curcumins Colour100 (i) Curcumin Colour100 (ii) Turmeric Colour101 Riboflavins Colour101 (i) Riboflavin Colour101 (ii) Riboflavin 5'- Phosphate, Sodium Colour102 Tartrazine Colour103 Alkanet Colour104 Quinoline Yellow Colour107 Yellow 2G Colour110 Sunset Yellow FCF Colour120 Carmines Colour121 Citrus Red 2 Colour122 Azorubine Colour123 Amaranth Colour124 Ponceau 4R Colour125 Ponceau SX Colour127 Erythrosine Colour128 Red 2G Colour129 Allura Red AC Colour131 Patent Blue V Colour132 Indigotine Colour133 Brilliant Blue FCF Colour140 Chlorophyll Colour141 Copper Chlorophylls Colour141 (i) Chlorophyll Copper Complex Colour141 (ii) Chlorophyllin Copper Complex, Sodium and

Potassium SaltsColour

142 Green S Colour143 Fast Green FCF Colour150a Caramel I - Plain Colour150b Caramel II - Caustic Sulphite Process Colour150c Caramel III - Ammonia Process Colour150d Caramel IV - Ammonia Sulphite Process Colour151 Brilliant Black PN Colour152 Carbon Black (Hydrocarbon) Colour153 Vegetable Carbon Colour154 Brown FK Colour155 Brown HT Colour160a Carotenes Colour160a (i) Beta-Carotene (Synthetic) Colour160a (ii) Natural Extracts Colour160b Annatto Extracts Colour160c Paprika Oleoresins Colour160d Lycopene Colour160e Beta-Apo-Carotenal Colour160f Beta-Apo-8'-Carotenic Acid, Methyl Or Ethyl

EsterColour

161a Flavoxanthin Colour161b Lutein Colour161c Kryptoxanthin Colour161d Rubixanthin Colour

No. Name of Food Additive Technical Function(s)161e Violoxanthin Colour161f Rhodoxanthin Colour161g Canthaxanthin Colour162 Beet Red Colour163 Anthocyanins Colour163 (i) Anthocyanins Colour163 (ii) Grape Skin Extract Colour163 (iii) Blackcurrant Extract Colour166 Sandalwood Colour170 Calcium Carbonates Surface Colourant, Anticaking

Agent, Stabilizer170 (i) Calcium Carbonate Surface Colourant, Anticaking

Agent, Stabilizer170 (ii) Calcium Hydrogen Carbonate Surface Colourant, Anticaking

Agent, Stabilizer171 Titanium Dioxide Colour172 Iron Oxides Colour172 (i) Iron Oxide, Black Colour172 (ii) Iron Oxide, Red Colour172 (iii) Iron Oxide, Yellow Colour173 Aluminium Colour174 Silver Colour175 Gold Colour180 Lithol Rubine BK Colour181 Tannins, Food Grade Colour, Emulsifier, Stabilizer,

Thickener182 Orchil Colour200 Sorbic Acid Preservative201 Sodium Sorbate Preservative202 Potassium Sorbate Preservative203 Calcium Sorbate Preservative209 Heptyl p-Hydroxybenzoate Preservative210 Benzoic Acid Preservative211 Sodium Benzoate Preservative212 Potassium Benzoate Preservative213 Calcium Benzoate Preservative214 Ethyl p-Hydroxybenzoate Preservative215 Sodium Ethyl p-Hydroxybenzoate Preservative216 Propyl p-Hydroxybenzoate Preservative217 Sodium Propyl p-Hydroxybenzoate Preservative218 Methyl p-Hydroxybenzoate Preservative219 Sodium Methyl p-Hydroxybenzoate Preservative220 Sulphur Dioxide Preservative, Antioxidant221 Sodium Sulphite Preservative, Antioxidant222 Sodium Hydrogen Sulphite Preservative, Antioxidant223 Sodium Metabisulphite Preservative, Bleaching Agent,

Antioxidant224 Potassium Metabisulphite Preservative, Antioxidant225 Potassium Sulphite Preservative, Antioxidant226 Calcium Sulphite Preservative, Antioxidant227 Calcium Hydrogen Sulphite Preservative, Antioxidant228 Potassium Bisulphite Preservative, Antioxidant230 Diphenyl Preservative231 Ortho-Phenylphenol Preservative232 Sodium o-Phenylphenol Preservative233 Thiabendazole Preservative

No. Name of Food Additive Technical Function(s)234 Nisin Preservative235 Pimaricin (Natamycin) Preservative236 Formic Acid Preservative237 Sodium Formate Preservative238 Calcium Formate Preservative239 Hexamethylene Tetramine Preservative240 Formaldehyde Preservative241 Gum Guaicum Preservative242 Dimethyl Dicarbonate Preservative249 Potassium Nitrite Preservative, Colour Fixative250 Sodium Nitrite Preservative, Colour Fixative251 Sodium Nitrate Preservative, Colour Fixative252 Potassium Nitrate Preservative, Colour Fixative260 Acetic Acid, Glacial Preservative, Acidity Regulator261 Potassium Acetates Preservative, Acidity Regulator261 (i) Potassium Acetate Preservative, Acidity Regulator261 (ii) Potassium Diacetate Preservative, Acidity Regulator262 Sodium Acetates Preservative, Acidity Regulator,

Sequestrant262 (i) Sodium Acetate Preservative, Acidity Regulator,

Sequestrant262 (ii) Sodium Diacetate Preservative, Acidity Regulator,

Sequestrant263 Calcium Acetate Preservative, Stabilizer, Acidity

Regulator264 Ammonium Acetate Acidity Regulator265 Dehydroacetic Acid Preservative266 Sodium Dehydroacetate Preservative270 Lactic Acid (L-, D- and Dl-) Acidity Regulator280 Propionic Acid Preservative281 Sodium Propionate Preservative282 Calcium Propionate Preservative283 Potassium Propionate Preservative290 Carbon Dioxide Carbonating Agent, Packing Gas296 Malic Acid (DL-) Acidity Regulator297 Fumaric Acid Acidity Regulator300 Ascorbic Acid (L-) Antioxidant301 Sodium Ascorbate Antioxidant302 Calcium Ascorbate Antioxidant303 Potassium Ascorbate Antioxidant304 Ascorbyl Palmitate Antioxidant305 Ascorbyl Stearate Antioxidant306 Mixed Tocopherols Concentrate Antioxidant307 Alpha-Tocopherol Antioxidant308 Synthetic Gamma-Tocopherol Antioxidant309 Synthetic Delta-Tocopherol Antioxidant310 Propyl Gallate Antioxidant311 Octyl Gallate Antioxidant312 Dodecyl Gallate Antioxidant313 Ethyl Gallate Antioxidant314 Guaiac Resin Antioxidant315 Isoascorbic Acid (Erythorbic Acid) Antioxidant316 Sodium Isoascorbate Antioxidant317 Potassium Isoascorbate Antioxidant318 Calcium Isoascorbate Antioxidant319 Tertiary Butylhydroquinone Antioxidant

No. Name of Food Additive Technical Function(s)320 Butylated Hydroxyanisole Antioxidant321 Butylated Hydroxytoluene Antioxidant322 Lecithins Antioxidant, Emulsifier323 Anoxomer Antioxidant324 Ethoxyquin Antioxidant325 Sodium Lactate Antioxidant Synergist, Humectant,

Bulking Agent326 Potassium Lactate Antioxidant Synergist, Acidity

Regulator327 Calcium Lactate Acidity Regulator, Flour Treatment

Agent328 Ammonium Lactate Acidity Regulator, Flour Treatment

Agent329 Magnesium Lactate (DL-) Acidity Regulator, Flour Treatment

Agent330 Citric Acid Acidity Regulator, Antioxidant,

Sequestrant331 Sodium Citrates Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,

Emulsifier, Stabilizer331 (i) Sodium Dihydrogen Citrate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,

Emulsifier, Stabilizer331 (ii) Disodium Monohydrogen Citrate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,

Emulsifier, Stabilizer331 (iii) Trisodium Citrate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,

Emulsifier, Stabilizer332 Potassium Citrates Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,

Stabilizer332 (i) Potassium Dihydrogen Citrate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,

Stabilizer332 (ii) Tripotassium Citrate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,

Stabilizer333 Calcium Citrates Acidity Regulator, Firming Agent,

Sequestrant334 Tartaric Acid (L (+)-) Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,

Antioxidant Synergist335 Sodium Tartrates Stabilizer, Sequestrant335 (i) Monosodium Tartrate Stabilizer, Sequestrant335 (ii) Disodium Tartrate Stabilizer, Sequestrant336 Potassium Tartrates Stabilizer, Sequestrant336 (i) Monopotassium Tartrate Stabilizer, Sequestrant336 (ii) Dipotassium Tartrate Stabilizer, Sequestrant337 Potassium Sodium Tartrate Stabilizer, Sequestrant338 Orthophosphoric Acid Acidity Regulator, Antioxidant

Synergist339 Sodium Phosphates Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,

Emulsifier, Texturizer, Stabilizer,Water Retention Agent

339 (i) Monosodium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,Emulsifier, Texturizer, Stabilizer,Water Retention Agent

339 (ii) Disodium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,Emulsifier, Texturizer, Stabilizer,Water Retention Agent

339 (iii) Trisodium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,Emulsifier, Texturizer, Stabilizer,Water Retention Agent

No. Name of Food Additive Technical Function(s)340 Potassium Phosphates Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,


340 (i) Monopotassium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,Emulsifier, Texturizer, Stabilizer,Water Retention Agent

340 (ii) Dipotassium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,Emulsifier, Texturizer, Stabilizer,Water Retention Agent

340 (iii) Tripotassium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,Emulsifier, Texturizer, Stabilizer,Water Retention Agent

341 Calcium Phosphates Acidity Regulator, Flour TreatmentAgent, Firming Agent, Texturizer,Raising Agent, Anticaking Agent,Water Retention Agent

341 (i) Monocalcium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Flour TreatmentAgent, Firming Agent, Texturizer,Raising Agent, Anticaking Agent,Water Retention Agent

341 (ii) Dicalcium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Flour TreatmentAgent, Firming Agent, Texturizer,Raising Agent, Anticaking Agent,Water Retention Agent

341 (iii) Tricalcium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Flour TreatmentAgent, Firming Agent, Texturizer,Raising Agent, Anticaking Agent,Water Retention Agent

342 Ammonium Phosphates Acidity Regulator, Flour TreatmentAgent

342 (i) Monoammonium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Flour TreatmentAgent

342 (ii) Diammonium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Flour TreatmentAgent

343 Magnesium Phosphates Acidity Regulator, AnticakingAgent

343 (i) Monomagnesium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, AnticakingAgent

343 (ii) Dimagnesium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, AnticakingAgent

343 (iii) Trimagnesium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, AnticakingAgent

344 Lecithin Citrate Preservative345 Magnesium Citrate Acidity Regulator349 Ammonium Malate Acidity Regulator350 Sodium Malates Acidity Regulator, Humectant350 (i) Sodium Hydrogen Malate Acidity Regulator, Humectant350 (ii) Sodium Malate Acidity Regulator, Humectant351 Potassium Malates Acidity Regulator351 (i) Potassium Hydrogen Malate Acidity Regulator351 (ii) Potassium Malate Acidity Regulator352 Calcium Malates Acidity Regulator352 (i) Calcium Hydrogen Malate Acidity Regulator352 (ii) Calcium Malate Acidity Regulator353 Metatartaric Acid Acidity Regulator354 Calcium Tartrate Acidity Regulator

No. Name of Food Additive Technical Function(s)355 Adipic Acid Acidity Regulator356 Sodium Adipates Acidity Regulator357 Potassium Adipates Acidity Regulator359 Ammonium Adipates Acidity Regulator363 Succinic Acid Acidity Regulator365 Sodium Fumarates Acidity Regulator366 Potassium Fumarates Acidity Regulator367 Calcium Fumarates Acidity Regulator368 Ammonium Fumarate Acidity Regulator370 1, 4 - Heptonolactone Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant375 Nicotinic Acid Colour Retention Agent380 Ammonium Citrates Acidity Regulator381 Ferric Ammonium Citrate Anticaking Agent383 Calcium Glycerophosphate Thickener, Gelling Agent,

Stabilizer384 Isopropyl Citrates Antioxidant, Preservative,

Sequestrant385 Calcium Disodium Ethylene-Diamine-Tetra-

AcetateAntioxidant, Preservative,Sequestrant

386 Disodium Ethylene-Diamine-Tetra-Acetate Antioxidant, PreservativeSynergist, Sequestrant

387 Oxystearin Antioxidant, Sequestrant388 Thiodipropionic Acid Antioxidant389 Dilauryl Thiodipropionate Antioxidant390 Distearyl Thiodipropionate Antioxidant391 Phytic Acid Antioxidant399 Calcium Lactobionate Stabilizer400 Alginic Acid Thickener, Stabilizer401 Sodium Alginate Thickener, Stabilizer, Gelling

Agent402 Potassium Alginate Thickener, Stabilizer403 Ammonium Alginate Thickener, Stabilizer404 Calcium Alginate Thickener, Stabilizer, Gelling

Agent, Antifoaming Agent405 Propylene Glycol Alginate Thickener, Emulsifier406 Agar Thickener, Gelling Agent,

Stabilizer407 Carrageenan and its Na, K, NH4 salts (includes

Furcellaran)Thickener, Gelling Agent,Stabilizer

407a Processed Euchema Seaweed (PES) Thickener, Stabilizer408 Bakers Yeast Glycan Thickener, Gelling Agent,

Stabilizer409 Arabinogalactan Thickener, Gelling Agent,

Stabilizer410 Carob Bean Gum Thickener, Stabilizer411 Oat Gum Thickener, Stabilizer412 Guar Gum Thickener, Stabilizer413 Tragacanth Gum Thickener, Stabilizer, Emulsifier414 Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum) Thickener, Stabilizer415 Xanthan Gum Thickener, Stabilizer416 Karaya Gum Thickener, Stabilizer417 Tara Gum Thickener, Stabilizer418 Gellan Gum Thickener, Stabilizer, Gelling

Agent419 Gum Ghatti Thickener, Stabilizer, Emulsifier420 Sorbitol And Sorbitol Syrup Sweetener, Humectant,

No. Name of Food Additive Technical Function(s)Sequestrant, Texturizer, Emulsifier

421 Mannitol Sweetener, Anticaking Agent422 Glycerol Humectant, Bodying Agent425 Konjac Flour Thickener429 Peptones Emulsifier430 Polyoxyethylene (8) Stearate Emulsifier431 Polyoxyethylene (40) Stearate Emulsifier432 Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monolaurate Emulsifier, Dispersing Agent433 Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monooleate Emulsifier, Dispersing Agent434 Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monopalmitate Emulsifier, Dispersing Agent435 Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monostearate Emulsifier, Dispersing Agent436 Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Tristearate Emulsifier, Dispersing Agent440 Pectins Thickener, Stabilizer, Gelling

Agent441 Superglycerinated Hydrogenated Rapeseed Oil Emulsifier442 Ammonium Salts Of Phosphatidic Acid Emulsifier443 Brominated Vegetable Oil Emulsifier, Stabilizer444 Sucrose Acetate Isobutyrate Emulsifier, Stabilizer445 Glycerol Esters Of Wood Resin Emulsifier, Stabilizer446 Succistearin Emulsifier450 Diphosphates Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,

Regulator, Raising Agent,Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

450 (i) Disodium Diphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,Regulator, Raising Agent,Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

450 (ii) Trisodium Diphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,Regulator, Raising Agent,Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

450 (iii) Tetrasodium Diphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,Regulator, Raising Agent,Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

450 (iv) Dipotassium Diphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,Regulator, Raising Agent,Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

450 (v) Tetrapotassium Diphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,Regulator, Raising Agent,Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

450 (vi) Dicalcium Diphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,Regulator, Raising Agent,Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

450 (vii) Calcium Dihydrogen Diphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,Regulator, Raising Agent,Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

450 (viii) Dimagnesium Diphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,Regulator, Raising Agent,Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

No. Name of Food Additive Technical Function(s)451 Triphosphates Sequestrant, Acidity Regulator,

Texturizer451 (i) Pentasodium Triphosphate Sequestrant, Acidity Regulator,

Texturizer451 (ii) Pentapotassium Triphosphate Sequestrant, Acidity Regulator,

Texturizer452 Polyphosphates Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,


452 (i) Sodium Polyphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,Regulator, Raising Agent,Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

452 (ii) Potassium Polyphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,Regulator, Raising Agent,Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

452 (iii) Sodium Calcium Polyphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,Regulator, Raising Agent,Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

452 (iv) Calcium Polyphosphates Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,Regulator, Raising Agent,Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

452 (v) Ammonium Polyphosphates Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,Regulator, Raising Agent,Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

459 Beta-Cyclodextrin Stabilizer, Binder460 Cellulose Emulsifier, Anticaking Agent,

Texturizer, Dispersing Agent460 (i) Microcrystalline Cellulose Emulsifier, Anticaking Agent,

Texturizer, Dispersing Agent460 (ii) Powdered Cellulose Emulsifier, Anticaking Agent,

Texturizer, Dispersing Agent461 Methyl Cellulose Thickener, Emulsifier, Stabilizer462 Ethyl Cellulose Binder, Filler463 Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Thickener, Emulsifier, Stabilizer464 Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Thickener, Emulsifier, Stabilizer465 Methyl Ethyl Cellulose Thickener, Emulsifier, Stabilizer,

Foaming Agent466 Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Thickener, Stabilizer, Emulsifier467 Ethyl Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ,Thickener, Stabilizer, Emulsifier468 Croscaramellose Stabilizer, Binder469 Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Enzymatically

HydrolysedThickener, Stabilizer

470 Salts Of Fatty Acids (With Base Al, Ca, Na, Mg,K And NH4)

Emulsifier, Stabilizer, AnticakingAgent

471 Mono- And Di-Glycerides Of Fatty Acids Emulsifier, Stabilizer472a Acetic And Fatty Acid Esters Of Glycerol Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Sequestrant472b Lactic And Fatty Acid Esters Of Glycerol Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Sequestrant472c Citric And Fatty Acid Esters Of Glycerol Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Sequestrant472d Tartaric Acid Esters Of Mono- And Di-Glycerides

Of Fatty AcidsEmulsifier, Stabilizer, Sequestrant

No. Name of Food Additive Technical Function(s)472e Diacetyltartaric And Fatty Acid Esters Of

GlycerolEmulsifier, Stabilizer, Sequestrant

472f Mixed Tartaric, Acetic And Fatty Acid Esters OfGlycerol

Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Sequestrant

472g Succinylated Monoglycerides Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Sequestrant473 Sucrose Esters Of Fatty Acids Emulsifier474 Sucroglycerides Emulsifier475 Polyglycerol Esters Of Fatty Acids Emulsifier476 Polyglycerol Esters Of Interesterified Ricinoleic

AcidEmulsifier

477 Propylene Glycol Esters Of Fatty Acids Emulsifier478 Lactylated Fatty Acid Esters Of Glycerol And

Propylene GlycolEmulsifier

479 Thermally Oxidized Soya Bean Oil With Mono-And Di-Glycerides Of Fatty Acids

Emulsifier

480 Dioctyl Sodium Sulphosuccinate Emulsifier, Wetting Agent481 Sodium Lactylates Emulsifier, Stabilizer481 (i) Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate Emulsifier, Stabilizer481 (ii) Sodium Oleyl Lactylate Emulsifier, Stabilizer482 Calcium Lactylates Emulsifier, Stabilizer482 (i) Calcium Stearoyl Lactylate Emulsifier, Stabilizer482 (ii) Calcium Oleyl Lactylate Emulsifier, Stabilizer483 Stearyl Tartrate Flour Treatment Agent484 Stearyl Citrate Emulsifier, Sequestrant485 Sodium Stearoyl Fumarate Emulsifier486 Calcium Stearoyl Fumarate Emulsifier487 Sodium Laurylsulphate Emulsifier488 Ethoxylated Mono - And Di - Glycerides Emulsifier489 Methyl Glucoside- Coconut Oil Ester Emulsifier491 Sorbitan Monostearate Emulsifier492 Sorbitan Tristearate Emulsifier493 Sorbitan Monolaurate Emulsifier494 Sorbitan Monooleate Emulsifier495 Sorbitan Monopalmitate Emulsifier496 Sorbitan Trioleate Stabilizer, Emulsifier500 Sodium Carbonates Acidity Regulator, Raising Agent,

Anticaking Agent500 (i) Sodium Carbonate Acidity Regulator, Raising Agent,

Anticaking Agent500 (ii) Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Acidity Regulator, Raising Agent,

Anticaking Agent500 (iii) Sodium Sesquicarbonate Acidity Regulator, Raising Agent,

Anticaking Agent501 Potassium Carbonates Acidity Regulator, Stabilizer501 (i) Potassium Carbonate Acidity Regulator, Stabilizer501 (ii) Potassium Hydrogen Carbonate Acidity Regulator, Stabilizer503 Ammonium Carbonates Acidity Regulator, Raising Agent503 (i) Ammonium Carbonate Acidity Regulator, Raising Agent503 (ii) Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate Acidity Regulator, Raising Agent504 Magnesium Carbonates Acidity Regulator, Anticaking

Agent, Colour Retention Agent504 (i) Magnesium Carbonate Acidity Regulator, Anticaking

Agent, Colour Retention Agent504 (ii) Magnesium Hydrogen Carbonate Acidity Regulator, Anticaking

Agent, Colour Retention Agent505 Ferrous Carbonate Acidity Regulator

No. Name of Food Additive Technical Function(s)507 Hydrochloric Acid Acidity Regulator508 Potassium Chloride Gelling Agent509 Calcium Chloride Firming Agent510 Ammonium Chloride Flour Treatment Agent511 Magnesium Chloride Firming Agent512 Stannous Chloride Antioxidant, Colour Retention

Agent513 Sulphuric Acid Acidity Regulator514 Sodium Sulphates Acidity Regulator515 Potassium Sulphates Acidity Regulator516 Calcium Sulphate Flour Treatment Agent,

Sequestrant, Firming Agent517 Ammonium Sulphate Flour Treatment Agent, Stabilizer518 Magnesium Sulphate Firming Agent519 Cupric Sulphate Colour Fixative, Preservative520 Aluminium Sulphate Firming Agent521 Aluminium Sodium Sulphate Firming Agent522 Aluminium Potassium Sulphate Acidity Regulator, Stabilizer523 Aluminium Ammonium Sulphate Stabilizer, Firming Agent524 Sodium Hydroxide Acidity Regulator525 Potassium Hydroxide Acidity Regulator526 Calcium Hydroxide Acidity Regulator, Firming Agent527 Ammonium Hydroxide Acidity Regulator528 Magnesium Hydroxide Acidity Regulator, Colour

Retention Agent529 Calcium Oxide Acidity Regulator, Flour Treatment

Agent530 Magnesium Oxide Anticaking Agent535 Sodium Ferrocyanide Anticaking Agent536 Potassium Ferrocyanide Anticaking Agent537 Ferrous Hexacyanomanganate Anticaking Agent538 Calcium Ferrocyanide Anticaking Agent539 Sodium Thiosulphate Antioxidant, Sequestrant541 Sodium Aluminium Phosphate Acidity Regulator, Emulsifier541 (i) Sodium Aluminium Phosphate-Acidic Acidity Regulator, Emulsifier541 (ii) Sodium Aluminium Phosphate-Basic Acidity Regulator, Emulsifier542 Bone Phosphate (Essentially Calcium Phosphate,

Tribasic)Emulsifier, Anticaking AgentWater Retention Agent

550 Sodium Silicates Anticaking Agent550 (i) Sodium Silicate Anticaking Agent550 (ii) Sodium Metasilicate Anticaking Agent551 Silicon Dioxide, Amorphous Anticaking Agent552 Calcium Silicate Anticaking Agent553 Magnesium Silicates Anticaking Agent, Dusting Powder553 (i) Magnesium Silicate Anticaking Agent, Dusting Powder553 (ii) Magnesium Trisilicate Anticaking Agent, Dusting Powder553 (iii) Talc Anticaking Agent, Dusting Powder554 Sodium Aluminosilicate Anticaking Agent555 Potassium Aluminium Silicate Anticaking Agent556 Calcium Aluminium Silicate Anticaking Agent557 Zinc Silicate Anticaking Agent558 Bentonite Anticaking Agent559 Aluminium Silicate Anticaking Agent560 Potassium Silicate Anticaking Agent570 Fatty Acids Foam Stabilizer, Glazing Agent,

Antifoaming Agent

No. Name of Food Additive Technical Function(s)574 Gluconic Acid (D-) Acidity Regulator, Raising Agent575 Glucono Delta-Lactone Acidity Regulator, Raising Agent576 Sodium Gluconate Sequestrant577 Potassium Gluconate Sequestrant578 Calcium Gluconate Acidity Regulator, Firming Agent579 Ferrous Gluconate Colour Retention Agent580 Magnesium Gluconate Acidity Regulator, Firming Agent585 Ferrous Lactate Colour Retention Agent620 Glutamic Acid (L (+)-) Flavour Enhancer621 Monosodium Glutamate Flavour Enhancer622 Monopotassium Glutamate Flavour Enhancer623 Calcium Glutamate Flavour Enhancer624 Monoammonium Glutamate Flavour Enhancer625 Magnesium Glutamate Flavour Enhancer626 Guanylic Acid Flavour Enhancer627 Disodium 5'-Guanylate Flavour Enhancer628 Dipotassium 5'-Guanylate Flavour Enhancer629 Calcium 5'-Guanylate Flavour Enhancer630 Inosinic Acid Flavour Enhancer631 Disodium 5'-Inosinate Flavour Enhancer632 Potassium Inosinate Flavour Enhancer633 Calcium 5'-Inosinate Flavour Enhancer634 Calcium 5'-Ribonucleotides Flavour Enhancer635 Disodium 5'-Ribonucleotides Flavour Enhancer636 Maltol Flavour Enhancer637 Ethyl Maltol Flavour Enhancer640 Glycine Flavour Modifier641 L-Leucine Flavour Modifier642 Lysin Hydrochloride Flavour Enhancer900a Polydimethylsiloxane Antifoaming Agent, Anticaking

Agent, Emulsifier900b Methylphenylpolysiloxane Antifoaming Agent901 Beeswax, White And Yellow Glazing Agent, Release Agent902 Candelilla Wax Glazing Agent903 Carnauba Wax Glazing Agent904 Shellac Glazing Agent905a Mineral Oil, Food Grade Glazing Agent, Release Agent,

Sealing Agent905b Petrolatum (Petroleum Jelly) Glazing Agent, Release Agent,

Sealing Agent905c Petroleum Wax Glazing Agent, Release Agent,

Sealing Agent905c (i) Microcrystalline Wax Glazing Agent905c (ii) Paraffin Wax Glazing Agent906 Benzoin Gum Glazing Agent907 Hydrogenated Poly-1-Decene Glazing Agent908 Rice Bran Wax Glazing Agent909 Spermaceti Wax Glazing Agent910 Wax Esters Glazing Agent911 Methyl Esters of Fatty Acids Glazing Agent913 Lanolin Glazing Agent915 Glycerol-, Methyl-, or Penta- Erithrytol Esters of

ColophaneGlazing Agent

916 Calcium Iodate Flour Treatment Agent917 Potassium Iodate Flour Treatment Agent918 Nitrogen Oxides Flour Treatment Agent

No. Name of Food Additive Technical Function(s)919 Nitrosyl Chloride Flour Treatment Agent920 L-Cysteine and its Hydrochlorides- Sodium and

Potassium SaltsFlour Treatment Agent

921 L-Cystine and its Hydrochlorides- Sodium andPotassium Salts

Flour Treatment Agent

922 Potassium Persulphate Flour Treatment Agent923 Ammonium Persulphate Flour Treatment Agent924a Potassium Bromate Flour Treatment Agent924b Calcium Bromate Flour Treatment Agent925 Chlorine Flour Treatment Agent926 Chlorine Dioxide Flour Treatment Agent927a Azodicarbonamide Flour Treatment Agent927b Carbamide (Urea) Flour Treatment Agent928 Benzoyl Peroxide Flour Treatment Agent,

Preservative929 Acetone Peroxide Flour Treatment Agent930 Calcium Peroxide Flour Treatment Agent938 Argon Packing Gas939 Helium Packing Gas940 Dichlorodifuluoromethane Propellant, Liquid Freezant941 Nitrogen Packing Gas, Freezant942 Nitrous Oxide Propellant943a Butane Propellant943b Isobutane Propellant944 Propane Propellant945 Chloropentafluoroethane Propellant946 Octafluorocyclobutane Propellant948 Oxygen Packing Gas950 Acesulfame Potassium Sweetener951 Aspartame Sweetener, Flavour Enhancer952 Cyclamic Acid (and Na, K, Ca Salts) Sweetener953 Isomalt (Isomaltitol) Sweetener, Anticaking Agent,

Bulking Agent, Glazing Agent954 Saccharin (and Na, K, Ca Salts) Sweetener955 Sucralose (Trichlorogalactosucrose) Sweetener956 Alitame Sweetener957 Thaumatin Sweetener, Flavour Enhancer958 Glycyrrhizin Sweetener, Flavour Enhancer959 Neohesperidine Dihydrochalcone Sweetener965 Maltitol and Maltitol Syrup Sweetener, Stabilizer, Emulsifier966 Lactitol Sweetener, Texturizer967 Xylitol Sweetener, Humectant, Stabilizer,

Emulsifier, Thickener999 Quillaia Extracts Foaming Agent1000 Cholic Acid Emulsifier1001 Choline Salts and Esters Emulsifier1001 (i) Choline Acetate Emulsifier1001 (ii) Choline Carbonate Emulsifier1001 (iii) Choline Chloride Emulsifier1001 (iv) Choline Citrate Emulsifier1001 (v) Choline Tartrate Emulsifier1001 (vi) Choline Lactate Emulsifier1100 Amylases Flour Treatment Agent1101 Proteases Flour Treatment Agent, Stabilizer,

Tenderizer, Flavour Enhancer1101 (i) Protease Flour Treatment Agent, Stabilizer,

No. Name of Food Additive Technical Function(s)Tenderizer, Flavour Enhancer

1101 (ii) Papain Flour Treatment Agent, Stabilizer,Tenderizer, Flavour Enhancer

1101 (iii) Bromelain Flour Treatment Agent, Stabilizer,Tenderizer, Flavour Enhancer

1101 (iv) Ficin Flour Treatment Agent, Stabilizer,Tenderizer, Flavour Enhancer

1102 Glucose Oxidase Antioxidant1103 Invertases Stabilizer1104 Lipases Flavour Enhancer1105 Lysozyme Preservative1200 Polydextroses A and N Bulking Agent, Stabilizer,

Thickener, Humectant, Texturizer1201 Polyvinylpyrrolidone Bodying Agent, Stabilizer,

Clarifying Agent, Dispersing Agent1202 Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Colour Stabilizer, Colloidal,

Stabilizer1503 Castor Oil Release Agent1505 Triethyl Citrate Foam Stabilizer1518 Triacetin Humectant1520 Propylene Glycol Humectant, Wetting Agent,

Dispersing Agent1521 Polyethylene Glycol Antifoaming Agent

SUPPLEMENTARY LIST - MODIFIED STARCHES

EXPLANATORY NOTE

The Codex General Standard for the Labelling of Prepackaged Foods (CODEX STAN 1 - 1985)specifies that modified starches may be declared as such in the list of ingredients. However, as somecountries presently require the specific identification of modified starches the following numbers areprovided as a guide and as a means of facilitating uniformity. Where these starches are specificallyidentified in the list of ingredients then it would be appropriate to include them under the relevant classname eg Thickener.

No. Name Of Food Additive Technical Function(s)1400 Dextrins, Roasted Starch White and Yellow Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder1401 Acid-Treated Starch Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder1402 Alkaline Treated Starch Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder1403 Bleached Starch Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder1404 Oxidized Starch Emulsifier, Thickener, Binder1405 Starches, Enzyme-Treated Thickener1410 Monostarch Phosphate Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder1411 Distarch Glycerol Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder1412 Distarch Phosphate Esterified with Sodium

Trimetaphosphate; Esterified with PhosphorusOxychloride

Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder

1413 Phosphated Distarch Phosphate Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder

No. Name Of Food Additive Technical Function(s)1414 Acetylated Distarch Phosphate Emulsifier, Thickener1420 Starch Acetate Esterified with Acetic Anhydride Stabilizer, Thickener1421 Starch Acetate Esterified with Vinyl Acetate Stabilizer, Thickener1422 Acetylated Distarch Adipate Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder1423 Acetylated Distarch Glycerol Stabilizer, Thickener1440 Hydroxypropyl Starch Emulsifier, Thickener, Binder1442 Hydroxypropyl Distarch Phosphate Stabilizer, Thickener1443 Hydroxypropyl Distarch Glycerol Stabilizer, Thickener1450 Starch Sodium Octenyl Succinate Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder,

Emulsifier

SECTION 4

INTERNATIONAL NUMBERING SYSTEM FOR FOOD ADDITIVES

LIST IN ALPHABETICAL ORDERNo. Name Of Food Additive Technical Function(s)370 1, 4 - Heptonolactone Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant950 Acesulfame Potassium Sweetener260 Acetic Acid, Glacial Preservative, Acidity Regulator472a Acetic And Fatty Acid Esters Of Glycerol Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Sequestrant929 Acetone Peroxide Flour Treatment Agent355 Adipic Acid Acidity Regulator406 Agar Thickener, Gelling Agent,

Stabilizer400 Alginic Acid Thickener, Stabilizer956 Alitame Sweetener103 Alkanet Colour129 Allura Red AC Colour307 Alpha-Tocopherol Antioxidant173 Aluminium Colour523 Aluminium Ammonium Sulphate Stabilizer, Firming Agent522 Aluminium Potassium Sulphate Acidity Regulator, Stabilizer559 Aluminium Silicate Anticaking Agent521 Aluminium Sodium Sulphate Firming Agent520 Aluminium Sulphate Firming Agent123 Amaranth Colour264 Ammonium Acetate Acidity Regulator359 Ammonium Adipates Acidity Regulator403 Ammonium Alginate Thickener, Stabilizer503 (i) Ammonium Carbonate Acidity Regulator, Raising Agent503 Ammonium Carbonates Acidity Regulator, Raising Agent510 Ammonium Chloride Flour Treatment Agent380 Ammonium Citrates Acidity Regulator368 Ammonium Fumarate Acidity Regulator503 (ii) Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate Acidity Regulator, Raising Agent527 Ammonium Hydroxide Acidity Regulator328 Ammonium Lactate Acidity Regulator, Flour Treatment

Agent349 Ammonium Malate Acidity Regulator923 Ammonium Persulphate Flour Treatment Agent342 Ammonium Phosphates Acidity Regulator, Flour Treatment

Agent 452 (v) Ammonium Polyphosphates Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,


442 Ammonium Salts of Phosphatidic Acid Emulsifier517 Ammonium Sulphate Flour Treatment Agent, Stabilizer1100 Amylases Flour Treatment Agent160b Annatto Extracts Colour323 Anoxomer Antioxidant163 Anthocyanins Colour163 (i) Anthocyanins Colour

No. Name Of Food Additive Technical Function(s)409 Arabinogalactan Thickener, Gelling Agent,

Stabilizer938 Argon Packing Gas300 Ascorbic Acid (L-) Antioxidant304 Ascorbyl Palmitate Antioxidant305 Ascorbyl Stearate Antioxidant951 Aspartame Sweetener, Flavour Enhancer927a Azodicarbonamide Flour Treatment Agent122 Azorubine Colour408 Bakers Yeast Glycan Thickener, Gelling Agent,

Stabilizer901 Beeswax, White And Yellow Glazing Agent, Release Agent162 Beet Red Colour558 Bentonite Anticaking Agent210 Benzoic Acid Preservative906 Benzoin Gum Glazing Agent928 Benzoyl Peroxide Flour Treatment Agent,

Preservative160f Beta-Apo-8'-Carotenic Acid, Methyl or Ethyl

EsterColour

160e Beta-Apo-Carotenal Colour160a (i) Beta-Carotene (Synthetic) Colour459 Beta-Cyclodextrin Stabilizer, Binder163 (iii) Blackcurrant Extract Colour542 Bone Phosphate (Essentially Calcium Phosphate,

Tribasic)Emulsifier, Anticaking AgentWater Retention Agent

151 Brilliant Black PN Colour133 Brilliant Blue FCF Colour1101 (iii) Bromelain Flour Treatment Agent, Stabilizer,

Tenderizer, Flavour Enhancer443 Brominated Vegetable Oil Emulsifier, Stabilizer154 Brown FK Colour155 Brown HT Colour943a Butane Propellant320 Butylated Hydroxyanisole Antioxidant321 Butylated Hydroxytoluene Antioxidant629 Calcium 5'-Guanylate Flavour Enhancer633 Calcium 5'-Inosinate Flavour Enhancer634 Calcium 5'-Ribonucleotides Flavour Enhancer263 Calcium Acetate Preservative, Stabilizer, Acidity

Regulator404 Calcium Alginate Thickener, Stabilizer, Gelling

Agent, Antifoaming Agent556 Calcium Aluminium Silicate Anticaking Agent302 Calcium Ascorbate Antioxidant213 Calcium Benzoate Preservative924b Calcium Bromate Flour Treatment Agent170 (i) Calcium Carbonate Surface Colourant, Anticaking

Agent, Stabilizer170 Calcium Carbonates Surface Colourant, Anticaking

Agent, Stabilizer509 Calcium Chloride Firming Agent333 Calcium Citrates Acidity Regulator, Firming Agent,

Sequestrant450 (vii) Calcium Dihydrogen Diphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,

Regulator, Raising Agent,

No. Name Of Food Additive Technical Function(s)Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

385 Calcium Disodium Ethylene-Diamine-Tetra-Acetate

Antioxidant, Preservative,Sequestrant

538 Calcium Ferrocyanide Anticaking Agent238 Calcium Formate Preservative367 Calcium Fumarates Acidity Regulator578 Calcium Gluconate Acidity Regulator, Firming Agent623 Calcium Glutamate Flavour Enhancer383 Calcium Glycerophosphate Thickener, Gelling Agent,

Stabilizer170 (ii) Calcium Hydrogen Carbonate Surface Colourant, Anticaking

Agent, Stabilizer352 (i) Calcium Hydrogen Malate Acidity Regulator227 Calcium Hydrogen Sulphite Preservative, Antioxidant526 Calcium Hydroxide Acidity Regulator, Firming Agent916 Calcium Iodate Flour Treatment Agent318 Calcium Isoascorbate Antioxidant327 Calcium Lactate Acidity Regulator, Flour Treatment

Agent399 Calcium Lactobionate Stabilizer482 Calcium Lactylates Emulsifier, Stabilizer352 (ii) Calcium Malate Acidity Regulator352 Calcium Malates Acidity Regulator482 (ii) Calcium Oleyl Lactylate Emulsifier, Stabilizer529 Calcium Oxide Acidity Regulator, Flour Treatment

Agent930 Calcium Peroxide Flour Treatment Agent341 Calcium Phosphates Acidity Regulator, Flour Treatment

Agent, Firming Agent, Texturizer,Raising Agent, Anticaking Agent,Water Retention Agent

452 (iv) Calcium Polyphosphates Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,Regulator, Raising Agent,Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

282 Calcium Propionate Preservative552 Calcium Silicate Anticaking Agent203 Calcium Sorbate Preservative486 Calcium Stearoyl Fumarate Emulsifier482 (i) Calcium Stearoyl Lactylate Emulsifier, Stabilizer516 Calcium Sulphate Flour Treatment Agent,

Sequestrant, Firming Agent226 Calcium Sulphite Preservative, Antioxidant354 Calcium Tartrate Acidity Regulator902 Candelilla Wax Glazing Agent161g Canthaxanthin Colour150a Caramel I - Plain Colour150b Caramel II - Caustic Sulphite Process Colour150c Caramel III - Ammonia Process Colour150d Caramel IV - Ammonia Sulphite Process Colour927b Carbamide (Urea) Flour Treatment Agent152 Carbon Black (Hydrocarbon) Colour290 Carbon Dioxide Carbonating Agent, Packing Gas469 Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Enzymatically

HydrolysedThickener, Stabilizer

No. Name Of Food Additive Technical Function(s)120 Carmines Colour903 Carnauba Wax Glazing Agent410 Carob Bean Gum Thickener, Stabilizer160a Carotenes Colour407 Carrageenan and its Na, K, NH4 salts (includes

Furcellaran)Thickener, Gelling Agent,Stabilizer

1503 Castor Oil Release Agent460 Cellulose Emulsifier, Anticaking Agent,

Texturizer, Dispersing Agent925 Chlorine Flour Treatment Agent926 Chlorine Dioxide Flour Treatment Agent945 Chloropentafluoroethane Propellant140 Chlorophyll Colour141 (i) Chlorophyll Copper Complex Colour141 (ii) Chlorophyllin Copper Complex, Sodium and

Potassium SaltsColour

1000 Cholic Acid Emulsifier1001 (i) Choline Acetate Emulsifier1001 (ii) Choline Carbonate Emulsifier1001 (iii) Choline Chloride Emulsifier1001 (iv) Choline Citrate Emulsifier1001 (vi) Choline Lactate Emulsifier1001 Choline Salts and Esters Emulsifier1001 (v) Choline Tartrate Emulsifier330 Citric Acid Acidity Regulator, Antioxidant,

Sequestrant472c Citric and Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Sequestrant121 Citrus Red 2 Colour141 Copper Chlorophylls Colour468 Croscaramellose Stabilizer, Binder519 Cupric Sulphate Colour Fixative, Preservative100 (i) Curcumin Colour100 Curcumins Colour952 Cyclamic Acid (and Na, K, Ca Salts) Sweetener265 Dehydroacetic Acid Preservative472e Diacetyltartaric and Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Sequestrant342 (ii) Diammonium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Flour Treatment

Agent450 (vi) Dicalcium Diphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,


341 (ii) Dicalcium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Flour TreatmentAgent, Firming Agent, Texturizer,Raising Agent, Anticaking Agent,Water Retention Agent

940 Dichlorodifluoromethane Propellant, Liquid Freezant389 Dilauryl Thiodipropionate Antioxidant450 (viii) Dimagnesium Diphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,


343 (ii) Dimagnesium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, AnticakingAgent

242 Dimethyl Dicarbonate Preservative480 Dioctyl Sodium Sulphosuccinate Emulsifier, Wetting Agent

No. Name Of Food Additive Technical Function(s)230 Diphenyl Preservative450 Diphosphates Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,


628 Dipotassium 5'-Guanylate Flavour Enhancer450 (iv) Dipotassium Diphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,


340 (ii) Dipotassium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,Emulsifier, Texturizer, Stabilizer,Water Retention Agent

336 (ii) Dipotassium Tartrate Stabilizer, Sequestrant627 Disodium 5'-Guanylate Flavour Enhancer631 Disodium 5'-Inosinate Flavour Enhancer635 Disodium 5'-Ribonucleotides Flavour Enhancer450 (i) Disodium Diphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,


386 Disodium Ethylene-Diamine-Tetra-Acetate Antioxidant, PreservativeSynergist, Sequestrant

331 (ii) Disodium Monohydrogen Citrate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,Emulsifier, Stabilizer

339 (ii) Disodium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,Emulsifier, Texturizer, Stabilizer,Water Retention Agent

335 (ii) Disodium Tartrate Stabilizer, Sequestrant390 Distearyl Thiodipropionate Antioxidant312 Dodecyl Gallate Antioxidant127 Erythrosine Colour488 Ethoxylated Mono - and Di - Glycerides Emulsifier324 Ethoxyquin Antioxidant462 Ethyl Cellulose Binder, Filler313 Ethyl Gallate Antioxidant467 Ethyl Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Thickener, Stabilizer, Emulsifier637 Ethyl Maltol Flavour Enhancer214 Ethyl p-Hydroxybenzoate Preservative143 Fast Green FCF Colour570 Fatty Acids Foam Stabilizer, Glazing Agent,

Antifoaming Agent381 Ferric Ammonium Citrate Anticaking Agent505 Ferrous Carbonate Acidity Regulator579 Ferrous Gluconate Colour Retention Agent537 Ferrous Hexacyanomanganate Anticaking Agent585 Ferrous Lactate Colour Retention Agent1101 (iv) Ficin Flour Treatment Agent, Stabilizer,

Tenderizer, Flavour Enhancer161a Flavoxanthin Colour240 Formaldehyde Preservative236 Formic Acid Preservative297 Fumaric Acid Acidity Regulator418 Gellan Gum Thickener, Stabilizer, Gelling

Agent574 Gluconic Acid (D-) Acidity Regulator, Raising Agent

No. Name Of Food Additive Technical Function(s)575 Glucono Delta-Lactone Acidity Regulator, Raising Agent1102 Glucose Oxidase Antioxidant620 Glutamic Acid (L (+)-) Flavour Enhancer422 Glycerol Humectant, Bodying Agent445 Glycerol Esters of Wood Resin Emulsifier, Stabilizer915 Glycerol-, Methyl-, or Penta- Erithrytol Esters of

ColophaneGlazing Agent

640 Glycine Flavour Modifier958 Glycyrrhizin Sweetener, Flavour Enhancer175 Gold Colour163 (ii) Grape Skin Extract Colour142 Green S Colour314 Guaiac Resin Antioxidant626 Guanylic Acid Flavour Enhancer412 Guar Gum Thickener, Stabilizer414 Gum Arabic (Acacia Gum) Thickener, Stabilizer419 Gum Ghatti Thickener, Stabilizer, Emulsifier241 Gum Guaicum Preservative939 Helium Packing Gas209 Heptyl p-Hydroxybenzoate Preservative239 Hexamethylene Tetramine Preservative507 Hydrochloric Acid Acidity Regulator907 Hydrogenated Poly-1-Decene Glazing Agent463 Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Thickener, Emulsifier, Stabilizer464 Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Thickener, Emulsifier, Stabilizer132 Indigotine Colour630 Inosinic Acid Flavour Enhancer1103 Invertases Stabilizer172 (i) Iron Oxide, Black Colour172 (ii) Iron Oxide, Red Colour172 (iii) Iron Oxide, Yellow Colour172 Iron Oxides Colour315 Isoascorbic Acid (Erythorbic Acid) Antioxidant943b Isobutane Propellant953 Isomalt (isomaltitol) Sweetener, Anticaking Agent,

Bulking Agent, Glazing Agent384 Isopropyl Citrates Antioxidant, Preservative,

Sequestrant416 Karaya Gum Thickener, Stabilizer425 Konjac Flour Thickener161c Kryptoxanthin Colour920 L-Cysteine and its Hydrochlorides- Sodium and

Potassium SaltsFlour Treatment Agent

921 L-Cystine and its Hydrochlorides- Sodium andPotassium Salts

Flour Treatment Agent

641 L-Leucine Flavour Modifier270 Lactic Acid (L-, D- and Dl-) Acidity Regulator472b Lactic and Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Sequestrant966 Lactitol Sweetener, Texturizer478 Lactylated Fatty Acid Esters of Glycerol and

Propylene GlycolEmulsifier

913 Lanolin Glazing Agent344 Lecithin Citrate Preservative322 Lecithins Antioxidant, Emulsifier1104 Lipases Flavour Enhancer180 Lithol Rubine BK Colour

No. Name Of Food Additive Technical Function(s)161b Lutein Colour160d Lycopene Colour642 Lysin Hydrochloride Flavour Enhancer1105 Lysozyme Preservative504 (i) Magnesium Carbonate Acidity Regulator, Anticaking

Agent, Colour Retention Agent504 Magnesium Carbonates Acidity Regulator, Anticaking

Agent, Colour Retention Agent511 Magnesium Chloride Firming Agent345 Magnesium Citrate Acidity Regulator580 Magnesium Gluconate Acidity Regulator, Firming Agent625 Magnesium Glutamate Flavour Enhancer504 (ii) Magnesium Hydrogen Carbonate Acidity Regulator, Anticaking

Agent, Colour Retention Agent528 Magnesium Hydroxide Acidity Regulator, Colour

Retention Agent329 Magnesium Lactate (DL-) Acidity Regulator, Flour Treatment

Agent530 Magnesium Oxide Anticaking Agent343 Magnesium Phosphates Acidity Regulator, Anticaking

Agent553 (i) Magnesium Silicate Anticaking Agent, Dusting Powder553 Magnesium Silicates Anticaking Agent, Dusting Powder518 Magnesium Sulphate Firming Agent553 (ii) Magnesium Trisilicate Anticaking Agent, Dusting Powder296 Malic Acid (DL-) Acidity Regulator965 Maltitol And Maltitol Syrup Sweetener, Stabilizer, Emulsifier636 Maltol Flavour Enhancer421 Mannitol Sweetener, Anticaking Agent353 Metatartaric Acid Acidity Regulator461 Methyl Cellulose Thickener, Emulsifier, Stabilizer911 Methyl Esters Of Fatty Acids Glazing Agent465 Methyl Ethyl Cellulose Thickener, Emulsifier, Stabilizer,

Foaming Agent489 Methyl Glucoside- Coconut Oil Ester Emulsifier218 Methyl p-Hydroxybenzoate Preservative900b Methylphenylpolysiloxane Antifoaming Agent460 (i) Microcrystalline Cellulose Emulsifier, Anticaking Agent,

Texturizer, Dispersing Agent905c (i) Microcrystalline Wax Glazing Agent905a Mineral Oil, Food Grade Glazing Agent, Release Agent,

Sealing Agent472f Mixed Tartaric, Acetic and Fatty Acid Esters of

GlycerolEmulsifier, Stabilizer, Sequestrant

306 Mixed Tocopherols Concentrate Antioxidant471 Mono- and Di-Glycerides of Fatty Acids Emulsifier, Stabilizer624 Monoammonium Glutamate Flavour Enhancer342 (i) Monoammonium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Flour Treatment

Agent341 (i) Monocalcium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Flour Treatment


343 (i) Monomagnesium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, AnticakingAgent

622 Monopotassium Glutamate Flavour Enhancer

No. Name Of Food Additive Technical Function(s)340 (i) Monopotassium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,


336 (i) Monopotassium Tartrate Stabilizer, Sequestrant621 Monosodium Glutamate Flavour Enhancer339 (i) Monosodium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,


335 (i) Monosodium Tartrate Stabilizer, Sequestrant160a (ii) Natural Extracts Colour959 Neohesperidine Dihydrochalcone Sweetener375 Nicotinic Acid Colour Retention Agent234 Nisin Preservative941 Nitrogen Packing Gas, Freezant918 Nitrogen Oxides Flour Treatment Agent919 Nitrosyl Chloride Flour Treatment Agent942 Nitrous Oxide Propellant411 Oat Gum Thickener, Stabilizer946 Octafluorocyclobutane Propellant311 Octyl Gallate Antioxidant182 Orchil Colour231 Ortho-Phenylphenol Preservative338 Orthophosphoric Acid Acidity Regulator, Antioxidant

Synergist948 Oxygen Packing Gas387 Oxystearin Antioxidant, Sequestrant1101 (ii) Papain Flour Treatment Agent, Stabilizer,

Tenderizer, Flavour Enhancer160c Paprika Oleoresins Colour905c (ii) Paraffin Wax Glazing Agent131 Patent Blue V Colour440 Pectins Thickener, Stabilizer, Gelling

Agent451 (ii) Pentapotassium Triphosphate Sequestrant, Acidity Regulator,

Texturizer451 (i) Pentasodium Triphosphate Sequestrant, Acidity Regulator,

Texturizer429 Peptones Emulsifier905b Petrolatum (Petroleum Jelly) Glazing Agent, Release Agent,

Sealing Agent905c Petroleum Wax Glazing Agent, Release Agent,

Sealing Agent391 Phytic Acid Antioxidant235 Pimaricin (Natamycin) Preservative1200 Polydextroses A and N Bulking Agent, Stabilizer,

Thickener, Humectant, Texturizer900a Polydimethylsiloxane Antifoaming Agent, Anticaking

Agent, Emulsifier1521 Polyethylene Glycol Antifoaming Agent475 Polyglycerol Esters of Fatty Acids Emulsifier476 Polyglycerol Esters of Interesterified Ricinoleic

AcidEmulsifier

432 Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monolaurate Emulsifier, Dispersing Agent433 Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monooleate Emulsifier, Dispersing Agent434 Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monopalmitate Emulsifier, Dispersing Agent435 Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monostearate Emulsifier, Dispersing Agent

No. Name Of Food Additive Technical Function(s)436 Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Tristearate Emulsifier, Dispersing Agent431 Polyoxyethylene (40) Stearate Emulsifier430 Polyoxyethylene (8) Stearate Emulsifier452 Polyphosphates Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,


1202 Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone Colour Stabilizer, Colloidal,Stabilizer

1201 Polyvinylpyrrolidone Bodying Agent, Stabilizer,Clarifying Agent, Dispersing Agent

124 Ponceau 4R Colour125 Ponceau SX Colour261 (i) Potassium Acetate Preservative, Acidity Regulator261 Potassium Acetates Preservative, Acidity Regulator357 Potassium Adipates Acidity Regulator402 Potassium Alginate Thickener, Stabilizer555 Potassium Aluminium Silicate Anticaking Agent303 Potassium Ascorbate Antioxidant212 Potassium Benzoate Preservative228 Potassium Bisulphite Preservative, Antioxidant924a Potassium Bromate Flour Treatment Agent 501 (i) Potassium Carbonate Acidity Regulator, Stabilizer501 Potassium Carbonates Acidity Regulator, Stabilizer508 Potassium Chloride Gelling Agent332 Potassium Citrates Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,

Stabilizer261 (ii) Potassium Diacetate Preservative, Acidity Regulator332 (i) Potassium Dihydrogen Citrate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,

Stabilizer536 Potassium Ferrocyanide Anticaking Agent366 Potassium Fumarates Acidity Regulator577 Potassium Gluconate Sequestrant 501(ii) Potassium Hydrogen Carbonate Acidity Regulator, Stabilizer351 (i) Potassium Hydrogen Malate Acidity Regulator525 Potassium Hydroxide Acidity Regulator632 Potassium Inosinate Flavour Enhancer917 Potassium Iodate Flour Treatment Agent317 Potassium Isoascorbate Antioxidant326 Potassium Lactate Antioxidant Synergist, Acidity

Regulator351 (ii) Potassium Malate Acidity Regulator351 Potassium Malates Acidity Regulator224 Potassium Metabisulphite Preservative, Antioxidant252 Potassium Nitrate Preservative, Colour Fixative249 Potassium Nitrite Preservative, Colour Fixative922 Potassium Persulphate Flour Treatment Agent340 Potassium Phosphates Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,


452 (ii) Potassium Polyphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,Regulator, Raising Agent,Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

283 Potassium Propionate Preservative560 Potassium Silicate Anticaking Agent

No. Name Of Food Additive Technical Function(s)337 Potassium Sodium Tartrate Stabilizer, Sequestrant202 Potassium Sorbate Preservative515 Potassium Sulphates Acidity Regulator225 Potassium Sulphite Preservative, Antioxidant336 Potassium Tartrates Stabilizer, Sequestrant460 (ii) Powdered Cellulose Emulsifier, Anticaking Agent,

Texturizer, Dispersing Agent407a Processed Euchema Seaweed (PES) Thickener, Stabilizer944 Propane Propellant280 Propionic Acid Preservative310 Propyl Gallate Antioxidant216 Propyl p-Hydroxybenzoate Preservative1520 Propylene Glycol Humectant, Wetting Agent,

Dispersing Agent405 Propylene Glycol Alginate Thickener, Emulsifier477 Propylene Glycol Esters of Fatty Acids Emulsifier1101 (i) Protease Flour Treatment Agent, Stabilizer,

Tenderizer, Flavour Enhancer1101 Proteases Flour Treatment Agent, Stabilizer,

Tenderizer, Flavour Enhancer999 Quillaia Extracts Foaming Agent104 Quinoline Yellow Colour128 Red 2G Colour161f Rhodoxanthin Colour101 (i) Riboflavin Colour101 (ii) Riboflavin 5'- Phosphate, Sodium Colour101 Riboflavins Colour908 Rice Bran Wax Glazing Agent161d Rubixanthin Colour954 Saccharin (and Na, K, Ca Salts) Sweetener470 Salts of Fatty Acids (With Base Al, Ca, Na, Mg,

K and NH4)Emulsifier, Stabilizer, AnticakingAgent

166 Sandalwood Colour904 Shellac Glazing Agent551 Silicon Dioxide, Amorphous Anticaking Agent174 Silver Colour262 (i) Sodium Acetate Preservative, Acidity Regulator,

Sequestrant262 Sodium Acetates Preservative, Acidity Regulator,

Sequestrant356 Sodium Adipates Acidity Regulator401 Sodium Alginate Thickener, Stabilizer, Gelling

Agent541 Sodium Aluminium Phosphate Acidity Regulator, Emulsifier541 (i) Sodium Aluminium Phosphate-Acidic Acidity Regulator, Emulsifier541 (ii) Sodium Aluminium Phosphate-Basic Acidity Regulator, Emulsifier554 Sodium Aluminosilicate Anticaking Agent301 Sodium Ascorbate Antioxidant211 Sodium Benzoate Preservative 452 (iii) Sodium Calcium Polyphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,


500 (i) Sodium Carbonate Acidity Regulator, Raising Agent,Anticaking Agent

500 Sodium Carbonates Acidity Regulator, Raising Agent,

No. Name Of Food Additive Technical Function(s)Anticaking Agent

466 Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Thickener, Stabilizer, Emulsifier331 Sodium Citrates Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,

Emulsifier, Stabilizer266 Sodium Dehydroacetate Preservative262 (ii) Sodium Diacetate Preservative, Acidity Regulator,

Sequestrant331 (i) Sodium Dihydrogen Citrate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,

Emulsifier, Stabilizer215 Sodium Ethyl p-Hydroxybenzoate Preservative535 Sodium Ferrocyanide Anticaking Agent237 Sodium Formate Preservative365 Sodium Fumarates Acidity Regulator576 Sodium Gluconate Sequestrant500 (ii) Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Acidity Regulator, Raising Agent,

Anticaking Agent350 (i) Sodium Hydrogen Malate Acidity Regulator, Humectant222 Sodium Hydrogen Sulphite Preservative, Antioxidant524 Sodium Hydroxide Acidity Regulator316 Sodium Isoascorbate Antioxidant325 Sodium Lactate Antioxidant Synergist, Humectant,

Bulking Agent481 Sodium Lactylates Emulsifier, Stabilizer487 Sodium Laurylsulphate Emulsifier350 (ii) Sodium Malate Acidity Regulator, Humectant350 Sodium Malates Acidity Regulator, Humectant223 Sodium Metabisulphite Preservative, Bleaching Agent,

Antioxidant550 (ii) Sodium Metasilicate Anticaking Agent219 Sodium Methyl p-Hydroxybenzoate Preservative251 Sodium Nitrate Preservative, Colour Fixative250 Sodium Nitrite Preservative, Colour Fixative232 Sodium o-Phenylphenol Preservative481 (ii) Sodium Oleyl Lactylate Emulsifier, Stabilizer339 Sodium Phosphates Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,


452 (i) Sodium Polyphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,Regulator, Raising Agent,Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

281 Sodium Propionate Preservative217 Sodium Propyl p-Hydroxybenzoate Preservative500 (iii) Sodium Sesquicarbonate Acidity Regulator, Raising Agent,

Anticaking Agent550 (i) Sodium Silicate Anticaking Agent550 Sodium Silicates Anticaking Agent201 Sodium Sorbate Preservative485 Sodium Stearoyl Fumarate Emulsifier481 (i) Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate Emulsifier, Stabilizer514 Sodium Sulphates Acidity Regulator221 Sodium Sulphite Preservative, Antioxidant335 Sodium Tartrates Stabilizer, Sequestrant539 Sodium Thiosulphate Antioxidant, Sequestrant200 Sorbic Acid Preservative493 Sorbitan Monolaurate Emulsifier

No. Name Of Food Additive Technical Function(s)494 Sorbitan Monooleate Emulsifier495 Sorbitan Monopalmitate Emulsifier491 Sorbitan Monostearate Emulsifier496 Sorbitan Trioleate Stabilizer, Emulsifier492 Sorbitan Tristearate Emulsifier420 Sorbitol and Sorbitol Syrup Sweetener, Humectant,

Sequestrant, Texturizer, Emulsifier909 Spermaceti Wax Glazing Agent512 Stannous Chloride Antioxidant, Colour Retention

Agent484 Stearyl Citrate Emulsifier, Sequestrant483 Stearyl Tartrate Flour Treatment Agent960 Steovioside Sweenter363 Succinic Acid Acidity Regulator472g Succinylated Monoglycerides Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Sequestrant446 Succistearin Emulsifier955 Sucralose (Trichlorogalactosucrose) Sweetener474 Sucroglycerides Emulsifier444 Sucrose Acetate Isobutyrate Emulsifier, Stabilizer473 Sucrose Esters of Fatty Acids Emulsifier220 Sulphur Dioxide Preservative, Antioxidant513 Sulphuric Acid Acidity Regulator110 Sunset Yellow FCF Colour441 Superglycerinated Hydrogenated Rapeseed Oil Emulsifier309 Synthetic Delta-Tocopherol Antioxidant308 Synthetic Gamma-Tocopherol Antioxidant553 (iii) Talc Anticaking Agent, Dusting Powder181 Tannins, Food Grade Colour, Emulsifier, Stabilizer,

Thickener417 Tara Gum Thickener, Stabilizer334 Tartaric Acid (L (+)-) Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,

Antioxidant Synergist472d Tartaric Acid Esters Of Mono- And Di-Glycerides

Of Fatty AcidsEmulsifier, Stabilizer, Sequestrant

102 Tartrazine Colour319 Tertiary Butylhydroquinone Antioxidant450 (v) Tetrapotassium Diphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,


450 (iii) Tetrasodium Diphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,Regulator, Raising Agent,Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

957 Thaumatin Sweetener, Flavour Enhancer479 Thermally Oxidized Soya Bean Oil with Mono-

and Di-Glycerides of Fatty AcidsEmulsifier

233 Thiabendazole Preservative388 Thiodipropionic Acid Antioxidant171 Titanium Dioxide Colour413 Tragacanth Gum Thickener, Stabilizer, Emulsifier1518 Triacetin Humectant341 (iii) Tricalcium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Flour Treatment


No. Name Of Food Additive Technical Function(s)1505 Triethyl Citrate Foam Stabilizer343 (iii) Trimagnesium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Anticaking

Agent451 Triphosphates Sequestrant, Acidity Regulator,

Texturizer332 (ii) Tripotassium Citrate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,

Stabilizer340 (iii) Tripotassium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,


331 (iii) Trisodium Citrate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,Emulsifier, Stabilizer

450 (ii) Trisodium Diphosphate Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Acidity,Regulator, Raising Agent,Sequestrant, Water RetentionAgent

339 (iii) Trisodium Orthophosphate Acidity Regulator, Sequestrant,Emulsifier, Texturizer, Stabilizer,Water Retention Agent

100 (ii) Turmeric Colour927b Urea (Carbamide) Texturizer153 Vegetable Carbon Colour161e Violoxanthin Colour910 Wax Esters Glazing Agent415 Xanthan Gum Thickener, Stabilizer967 Xylitol Sweetener, Humectant, Stabilizer,

Emulsifier, Thickener107 Yellow 2G Colour557 Zinc Silicate Anticaking Agent

SUPPLEMENTARY LIST - MODIFIED STARCHES

EXPLANATORY NOTE

The Codex General Standard for the Labelling of Prepackaged Foods (CODEX STAN 1 - 1985)specifies that modified starches may be declared as such in the list of ingredients. However, as somecountries presently require the specific identification of modified starches the following numbers areprovided as a guide and as a means of facilitating uniformity. Where these starches are specificallyidentified in the list of ingredients then it would be appropriate to include them under the relevant classname eg Thickener.

No. Name Of Food Additive Technical Function(s)1422 Acetylated Distarch Adipate Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder1423 Acetylated Distarch Glycerol Stabilizer, Thickener1414 Acetylated Distarch Phosphate Emulsifier, Thickener1401 Acid-Treated Starch Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder1402 Alkaline Treated Starch Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder1403 Bleached Starch Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder1400 Dextrins, Roasted Starch White And Yellow Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder1411 Distarch Glycerol Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder1412 Distarch Phosphate Esterified With Sodium

Trimetaphosphate; Esterified With PhosphorusOxychloride

Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder

1443 Hydroxypropyl Distarch Glycerol Stabilizer, Thickener1442 Hydroxypropyl Distarch Phosphate Stabilizer, Thickener1440 Hydroxypropyl Starch Emulsifier, Thickener, Binder1410 Monostarch Phosphate Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder1404 Oxidized Starch Emulsifier, Thickener, Binder1413 Phosphated Distarch Phosphate Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder1420 Starch Acetate Esterified With Acetic Anhydride Stabilizer, Thickener1421 Starch Acetate Esterified With Vinyl Acetate Stabilizer, Thickener1450 Starch Sodium Octenyl Succinate Stabilizer, Thickener, Binder,

Emulsifier1405 Starches, Enzyme-Treated Thickener

international numbering system for food additives

Engineering