international journal of research issn no:...

ASSESSMENT OF STRENGTH AND DURABILITY FACTORS OF CONCRETE WITH

METAKAOLIN AND MARBLE DUST

SYED MUBASHIRUDDIN1,CICI JENNIFER RAJ2,Dr. G. VENKATA RAMANA3

1PG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal, Hyderabad

2Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal,

Hyderabad

3Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal, Hyderabad

E-mail:[email protected]

Abstract:

Concrete is the most regularly utilized material in the construction industry. The worldwide generation of concrete has generously increased since 1990.Production of concrete mix entails a lot of natural contamination since it incorporates the outflow of CO2 gas. As the industry is shifting towards environmental friendly practices, different supplementary cementitious materials like silicon oxide exhaust, fly ash, slag, rice husk and metakaolin are being used. These materials help in developing High Strength Concrete (HSC) with advanced workability, durability, strength and diminished penetrability. Metakaolin(MK) is obtained from the clay mineral kaolinite in an anhydrous calcined form.

In this investigation, the substitution of concrete has been done in three distinct sorts of cases. The first case considers 0 %, 10 % with Metakaolin (MK) independently. The second case considers 0%, 10 % with Marble Dust (MD) independently. In the third case a combination of both MK and MD is used as 10% each. Compressive, tensile and flexural strength for concrete prepared in the three cases have been estimated and compared with conventional grade M30 concrete. In addition to the above compressive test, a durability analysis with Rapid Chloride Migration Test (RCMT) has been done to estimate the effects of acid and alkaline attacks on concrete.Results demonstrate that there is an increase in the compressive and tensile strength in the case of MK independently whereas the other cases show reduction. In the case of flexural strength, all the three cases show an improvement from the conventional concrete. Durability tests reveal that addition of MK and MD in conventional concrete yields a very less rate of penetration of chloride ions, thus, giving rise to a conclusion that durability has improved.

Keywords —Metakaolin, marble dust, strength, durability, compressive strength and split tensile strength.

International Journal of Research

Volume 7, Issue IX, September/2018

ISSN NO: 2236-6124

Page No:597

Introduction-The demand for Portland concrete has been increasing significantly in developing nations. This has led to hike in the cement costs thereby increasing the construction cost significantly. To reduce the cement costs and consumption of cement it has been suggested to substitute a certain part of cement with alternatives without affecting its strength and durability. Among the various alternatives available metakaolin and marble dust have been used in this study.

Kaolinite is a clay mineral which in its anhydrous calcined state forms metakaolin. The main mineral involved in the manufacture of porcelain is kaolinite. Another example of a material rich in kaolinite is china clay. Metakaolin can be obtained from various sources like high purity kaolinite deposits, paper sludge waste and oil sand tailings. The chemical composition of metakaolin is Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O. Table 1 shows the chemical composition of metakaolin percentage wise whereas Table 2 shows the physical properties of metakaolin.

Property Value Physical shape Powder Fineness 700-900 m2/kg Color White/gray Specific gravity 2.5 Specific surface 8-15 m2/g

Marble Dust is another extraneous waste which is created in surplus. It has been estimated that quarrying has led to the creation of millions of tons of marble dust. Since this marble dust is in its pure and unadulterated form it has become a preferred material to be used in cement as an alternative to enhance its properties and decrease the costs. Discharging these tons and tons of marble dust to nature can cause a significant ecological issue in the future. India being the third top most exporter of marble creates a lot of marble dust. So this can be effectively utilized in cement to not only decrease costs without affecting its strength, but also help our environment.



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Abid Nadeem et al (2008) examined the chloride porousness of high quality concrete and concrete samples containing fluctuating extents of Metakaolin (MK) and Fly ash debris at increased temperatures.

Seven concrete and three concretesamples were inspected in the wake of presenting each sample to 200, 400, six hundred and 800°C. In concrete, the percentage of MK had been 5, 10 and 20% and for Fly ash remains the percentages were 20, 40 and 60%. In concrete, the measurement phase of Metakaolin and Fly ash debris was 20%. Every single concrete sample tested had a base compressive strength of 85 MPa. At ordinary temperatures, cement and concrete samples had low chloride particle penetrability. At standard temperature, Metakaolin mix had brought down chloride penetrability than Fly ash and Portland concrete mix. At normal temperatures, concrete samples have been more chloride porous.Samples at 200°C and 400°C, mortar turned out to be more chloride porous than concrete, however the proportion of mortar to concrete, chloride penetrability turned out to be substantially less than that at normal temperature.Hemant Chauhan et al (2011)made an endeavor to utilize squanders like initiated Fly ash debris, Iron Oxide and Metakaolin as supplementary cementitious materials in various extents. Utilizing these mineral admixtures with OPC bond, 5 various types of solid combos had been readied and same were utilized to find compressive strength of concrete cube samples at 3,7, 14, 28 and 56 days. At the point when OPC progressed toward becoming supplanted as much as 42% with metakaolin, it offers vitality up to 40.67 N/mm2 .At a water cement proportion of 0.40 and 0.55, it surrendered vitality to 25.47 N/mm2 at 56th day. They said that it transformed into practical to make the concrete ease by methods for 42% supplanting of concrete with extraordinary conceivable outcomes of mineral admixtures like fly powder (30%), Metakaolin (10%) and press oxide (2%).

Properties Test results Specific Gravity 2.63

Colour White Form Powder Odour Odourless

Moisture Content (%) 0.60

Sieve 0.90mm

Hardness 3 on Mohr’s scale

Water absorption 0.97%



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Chemical compound

Test value of MDP in %

Standard of Natural cement Content (%)

Calcium oxide (CaO) 55.09 31-57

Silica dioxide (SiO2) 0.48 22-29

Magnesium oxide (MgO)

0.40 1.5-2.2

Iron oxide (Fe2O3) 0.12 1.5-3.2

Aluminum dioxide (Al2O3)

0.17 5.2-8.8

Sodium oxide (Na2O)

0.20 -

Potassium oxide (K2O)

0.06 -

Sulfur trioxide (SO3) 0.06 -

Lost on ignition in % 43.48 -

Total amount 100 -



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Test results on cement

S. No. Test Result IS Code Acceptable Limit

1 Specific gravity

3.16 IS:2386:1963 3-3.2

2 Standard consistency

6 mm at 34% w/c

IS:4031:1996 w/c ratio 28-35%

3 Initial and Final setting

time

45 mins and 10 hours

IS:4031:1988 Minimum 30 mins and not more than 10

hours

4 Fineness 3% IS:4031:1988 <10%

Test results on coarse aggregates

S. No.

Test Result IS Code Acceptable Limit

1 Fineness modulus

6.15 IS:2386:1963 6-8 mm

2 Specific gravity 2.9 IS:2386:1963 2-3.1 mm

3 Porosity 46.83% IS:2386:1963 <=100%

4 Voids ratio 0.8855 IS:2386:1963 Any value

5 Aggregate impact value

37.5 IS:2386:1963 <45%

6 Bulk density 1.5 g/cc IS:2386:1963 <45% 7 Aggregate

crushing value 26.6% IS:2386:1963 <45%



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Test results on fine aggregates

S. No.

Test Result IS Code Acceptable Limit

1 Fineness modulus

4.305 IS:2386:1963 <3.2 mm

2 Specific gravity

2.43 IS:2386:1963 2-3.1 mm

3 Porosity 36.6% IS:2386:1963 <=100%

4 Voids ratio 0.577 IS:2386:1963 Any value

5 Bulk density

1.5424 g/cc

IS:2386:1963

7 Bulking of sand

3% IS:2386:1963 <10%

II concrete Tests

For M30 Grade Concrete

A. Tests on Fresh Concrete 1. Slump Cone Test

S. No % Replacement Slump (mm)

1 0 98

2 10% MK 96

3 10%MDP 97

4 10% MK + 10% MDP 98



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S. No

1

2

3

4

2. Compaction Factor Test

% Replacement Slump (mm)

0 0.85

10% MK 0.9

10%MDP 0.92

10% MK + 10% MDP 0.93

B. Tests on Hardened Concrete



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S. No. % Replacement

1 0

2 10% MK

3 10%MDP

4 10% MK + 10% MDP

1. Compressive Strength

% Replacement Compressive strength of Concrete

7 days 14 days

28 days 56 days

21.5 25.3 33.42 36.28

10% MK 22 26 35.6 38.52

10%MDP 23 28 34.6 36.3

10% MK + 10% MDP

21 25 33.2 34.6

2. Split Tensile Strength of Concrete

Compressive strength of Concrete

days 90 days

36.28 40.55

38.52 42.5

39.5

38.6



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S. No. % Replacement

1

2

3

4 10% MK + 10%

S.no % Replacement Of Metakaolin

1 0.00%

2 10% MK

3 10% MDP

4 10%MK+10%MDP

% Replacement Split Tensile Strength of Concrete

28 days 56 days

90 days

0 5.72 5.84 6.8

10% MK 5.24 5.4 7.5

10%MDP 4.84 4.96 5.2

10% MK + 10% MDP

4.4 4.52 5.5

3. Flexural Strength

% Replacement Of Metakaolin `Flexural Strength Of Concrete

28days 56days

0.00% 14.62 16.84

10% MK 15.24 18.2

10% MDP 15.84 18.4

10%MK+10%MDP 15.1 17.4

Split Tensile Strength of

90 days

6.8

7.5

5.2

5.5

`Flexural Strength Of Concrete

90days

17.2

18.8

18.64

17.8



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Sl.No %

replacement

Initial weight

of cube after

28days curing

in grams

1 0.00% 2261

2 10% MK 2340

3 10% MDP 2351

4 10%

MK+10%MDP 2234

C. Durability 1. Acid Attack

Initial weight

cube after

28days curing

grams

Final weight

of cubes after

90days curing

in grams

% loss of

weight due to acid

attack

Compressive strength of cube after

28days curing

Compressive strength of cubes after

90days curing

2242 0.82 99.55 92.94

2318 0.94 100.19 92.78

2323 1.2 102.016 94.06

2202 1.44 100.47 92.03


90days curing

% loss of compressive

strength due to acid

attack

92.94 6.64

92.78 7.4

94.06 7.8

92.03 8.4



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Sl. No

% replacement

Initial weight

of cube after

28days curing

in grams

1 0.00% 2286

2 10% MK 2340

3 10% MDP 2280

4 10% MK+10%MDP

2310

Final weight

of cubes after

90days curing

in grams

% loss of

weight due to

alkaline attack

Compressive strength of cube after

28days curing


90days curing

2259 1.2 99.55 91.36

2306 1.44 100.19 91.5

2244 1.6 102.016 93.43

2268 1.84 100.47 91.33


90days curing

% loss of compressive

strength due to

alkaline attack

91.36 8.23

91.5 8.68

93.43 8.42

91.33 9.1



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From the above study the following conclusions were made

I)The replacement of cement with 10

2). If 10 % percentage of MK and 10 % of MDP is added then

3). The optimum percentage for replacement of cement with Metakaolin and Marble powder was

10 % respectively for both cubes and cylinders. Adding 10

split tensile strength starts decreasing.

4). Use of Metakaolin and Marble powder give

5). Use of MK and MDP save our environment, since dur

emission of carbon dioxide.

6). RCMT results shows that concrete

chloride ions. Hence Raw of penetration goes on decrease with increase of percentage of MK

concrete So we can say more durable concrete is obtained.

CONCLUSIONS

From the above study the following conclusions were made

)The replacement of cement with 10%MK, givesbetter strength compared to other parameters.

ntage of MK and 10 % of MDP is added then there is reduction in strength of concrete.

. The optimum percentage for replacement of cement with Metakaolin and Marble powder was

th cubes and cylinders. Adding 10MK & 10% MP, compressive strength as wel

decreasing.

. Use of Metakaolin and Marble powder gives GREEN CONCRETE.

P save our environment, since during the production of MK and MDP

RCMT results shows that concrete made of addition of MK-MP has very less rate of penetration of

chloride ions. Hence Raw of penetration goes on decrease with increase of percentage of MK

we can say more durable concrete is obtained.

sbetter strength compared to other parameters.

there is reduction in strength of concrete.

. The optimum percentage for replacement of cement with Metakaolin and Marble powder was 10 and

MP, compressive strength as well as

ing the production of MK and MDP there is no

ry less rate of penetration of

chloride ions. Hence Raw of penetration goes on decrease with increase of percentage of MK-MP in



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