international journal of pure and applied mathematics ... · analysis of sullage collected from...

ANALYSIS OF SULLAGE COLLECTED FROM RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN SELAIYUR REGION

Aswathy.M1, Vikash kumar Das2, Yumnam Lanchenba Singh3 1 Assistant Professor,

2,3 Student, Department of Civil Engineering,

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

BIST, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research

(BIHER), Bharath University, Chennai.

Abstract: The present study assesses the sullage water

of selected area of Selaiyur region, Chennai, Tamil

Nadu, India. Sullage or greywater is all wastewater

generated in households or office buildings from

streams without fecal contamination, i.e. all streams

except for the wastewater from toilets. Sources of

greywater include, e.g. sinks, showers, baths, clothes

washing machines or dish washers. As greywater

contains fewer pathogens than domestic wastewater, it

is generally safer to handle and easier to treat and reuse

onsite for toilet flushing, landscape or crop irrigation,

and other non-potable uses. 12 water samples were

taken from different location. Each location has 3

sample i.e washing clothes water, bathing water and

Kitchen waste water. The physical, chemical and

biological parameters are tested in environmental

laboratory. It is found that all the sample were safe

against pH, Alkalinity, Flouride, Chlorine, Iron,

Phosphate, and Turbidity which are within the

permissible limits of IS3025 (Part-1):1987 . However,

the water should be treated against Hardness, Total

Dissolved Solid (TDS), Ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite and

electrical conductivity as they are not found within the

permissible limits of IS IS3025 (Part-1):1987. The

possible treatment methods which are suggested are

Activated Sludge Process (ASP),

Trickling filter, Sewage farming and Oxidation ponds.

Key words: Sullage-water, physio-chemical analysis,

BOD-COD analysis, treatment methods.

1. Introduction

Sullage water is the impure water which contains

bacteria, soil contents etc. It can be originated from a

combination of domestic, industrial, commercial, or

agricultural activities, surface runoff or storm-water,

and from sewer inflow or infiltrations. Due to these

causes water pollution[1-3].

Water pollution is an addition of foreign

substances either organic/inorganic or biological or

radio-active substances into water in excess, which

alters the quality of water and which may pose health

hazard or otherwise makes it less fit or unfit for use.

Water pollution affects the entire biosphere plants and

organisms living in these bodies of water. In Almost all

cases the effect is damaging not only to individual

species and population, but also to the natural

biological communities.

Sullage or greywater is all wastewater generated

in households or office buildings from streams without

fecal contamination, i.e. all streams except for the

wastewater from toilets. Sources of greywater include,

e.g. sinks, showers, baths, clothes washing machines

or dish washers. As greywater contains fewer

pathogens than domestic wastewater, it is generally

safer to handle and easier to treat and reuse onsite for

toilet flushing, landscape or crop irrigation, and other

non-potable uses. The use of non-toxic and low-sodium

soap and personal care products is recommended to

protect vegetation when reusing grey water for

irrigation purposes. The application of greywater reuse

in urban water systems provides substantial benefits

for both the water supply subsystem by reducing the

demand for fresh clean water as well as the wastewater

subsystems by reducing the amount of wastewater

required to be conveyed and treated. Greywater, by

definition, does not include the discharge of toilets or

highly fecally contaminated wastewater, which is

designated sewage or blackwater to indicate it

contains human waste. The small traces of feces that

enter the greywater stream via effluent from the

shower, sink, or washing machine do not pose practical

hazards under normal conditions, as long as the

greywater is used correctly (for example, percolated

from a dry well or used correctly in farming

irrigation). Sullage water is all of the wastewater from

plumbing fixtures except the toilet. Usually waste from

the kitchen sink is connected to the septic tank as the

high levels of fats, organic matter, suspended solids and

microorganisms require treatment before discharge into

an absorption trench (or other treatment system).

Sullage water does contain high levels of

microorganisms that make it unsuitable for spray

irrigation. Salts and phosphorus from laundry

detergents are pollutants. This study was carried out to

determine the physio-chemical and biological

parameters of the sullage water collected from

residential building and to appreciate the opportunity of

building a wastewater treatment plant[4-9].

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 116 No. 13 2017, 131-136ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu

131

2. Material and Methods

2.1 Site of Study

Selaiyur is located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu and lies

This place is located on the Tambaram

Velachery Road. Once upon a time, this place was

called Silaiyur. Neighbouring towns include

Tambaram, Madambakkam, Rajakilpakkam,

Sembakkam, Chitlapakkam and Medavakkam. The

Indian Airforce has one if its bases here. It has been a

preferred area for most of the retired airforce families

and hence there are mix of people like north Indians,

andhraites, keralites etc. Over the past few years this

suburb has rapidly developed in terms of population

due to the presence of vast number of private

companie(national and multi-national) present nearby.

The nearest neighbourhood station is Tambaram and

the Chennai airport is only about 9km away. Selaiyur

has bus connectivity of all the main regions of the city.

The east tambaram bus terminal is about 3km away and

passengers can also board the buses in camp road

junction bus stop located in Selaiyur[10-11].

2.2 Sampling

The four areas has been chosen for sample in S

region as they are Camp road, Indira Nagar, Bhavani

Nagar and Padmavathy Nagar. Each nagar has the 3

samples of kitchen, bathroom& washing clothes waste

water. Sullage-water sample is collected in 1litres

bottles previously rinsed with distilled water and stored

in cool place away from direct sunlight.

2.3 Parameters

The physical parametes are Turbidity, Total dissolved

solids(TDS), Taste, Colour and Odour. The chemical

parameters are pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC),

Alkalinity, Hardness, Chloride, Fluoride, Iron,

Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate and Phosphate. Lastly

Biological Parameters are BOD and COD. They was

tested in environmental laboratory.

Selaiyur is located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu and lies

between latitudes 12056’ and 12

80008’ and 80

014’E.Selaiyur is neighbourhood near

Tambaram, Chennai

This place is located on the Tambaram-

Velachery Road. Once upon a time, this place was

called Silaiyur. Neighbouring towns include

Tambaram, Madambakkam, Rajakilpakkam,

akkam and Medavakkam. The

Indian Airforce has one if its bases here. It has been a

preferred area for most of the retired airforce families

and hence there are mix of people like north Indians,

andhraites, keralites etc. Over the past few years this

has rapidly developed in terms of population

due to the presence of vast number of private

national) present nearby.

The nearest neighbourhood station is Tambaram and

the Chennai airport is only about 9km away. Selaiyur

connectivity of all the main regions of the city.

The east tambaram bus terminal is about 3km away and

passengers can also board the buses in camp road

11].

The four areas has been chosen for sample in Selaiyur

region as they are Camp road, Indira Nagar, Bhavani

Nagar and Padmavathy Nagar. Each nagar has the 3

samples of kitchen, bathroom& washing clothes waste

water sample is collected in 1litres

ter and stored

The physical parametes are Turbidity, Total dissolved

solids(TDS), Taste, Colour and Odour. The chemical

parameters are pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC),

luoride, Iron,

Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate and Phosphate. Lastly

Biological Parameters are BOD and COD. They was

2.4 Physical characteristic of waste water

The physical characteristics of sullage water are

depends upon the taste, colour, turbidity and odour.It

can be easily find out its characteristics.

2.5 Chemical characteristic of waste water

Chemical characteristics of water state the presence of

metals their treatment, the determination of inorganic

non-metallic constituents and the determination of

organic constituents. Here goes a brief description of

all the experiments we have performed.

2.6 Biological characteristic of waste water

Biological methods used for evaluating water quality

include the collection, counting an

aquatic organisms. Most microorganisms known to

microbiologists can be found in domestic wastewater

like Bacteria, Protozoa, Viruses, and Algae. Planktons,

Periphyton, Macro-phyton, Macro

Amphibians and Aquatic reptiles are the biotic group of

interdependent organism. Wastewater contains vast

quantities of bacteria and other organisms. Aerobic

bacteria break down organic matter in the presence of

available oxygen. Anaerobic bacteria disintegrate

organic matter which is shut off from free oxygen, such

as in the interior of a mass of feces or a dead body. The

products of anaerobic decomposition have an extremely

nauseating odor. Matter in which this condition exists

is said to be septic. A multitude of the bacteria in

wastewater are coliform bacteria: those found in the

digestive tract of normal humans. It is these

comparatively few pathogenic organisms that pose the

greatest public health hazard. Water quality has a key

role in deciding the abundance, species compositio

stability, productivity and physiological condition of

indigenous populations of aquatic communities. Their

existence is an expression of the quality of the water

093’N and longitudes

14’E.Selaiyur is neighbourhood near

Physical characteristic of waste water

The physical characteristics of sullage water are

taste, colour, turbidity and odour.It

can be easily find out its characteristics.

Chemical characteristic of waste water

Chemical characteristics of water state the presence of

metals their treatment, the determination of inorganic

ents and the determination of

organic constituents. Here goes a brief description of

all the experiments we have performed.

Biological characteristic of waste water

Biological methods used for evaluating water quality

include the collection, counting and identification of

aquatic organisms. Most microorganisms known to

microbiologists can be found in domestic wastewater

like Bacteria, Protozoa, Viruses, and Algae. Planktons,

phyton, Macro-invertebrates, Fish,

iles are the biotic group of

interdependent organism. Wastewater contains vast

quantities of bacteria and other organisms. Aerobic

bacteria break down organic matter in the presence of

available oxygen. Anaerobic bacteria disintegrate

is shut off from free oxygen, such

as in the interior of a mass of feces or a dead body. The

products of anaerobic decomposition have an extremely

nauseating odor. Matter in which this condition exists

is said to be septic. A multitude of the bacteria in

astewater are coliform bacteria: those found in the

digestive tract of normal humans. It is these

comparatively few pathogenic organisms that pose the

greatest public health hazard. Water quality has a key

role in deciding the abundance, species composition,

stability, productivity and physiological condition of

indigenous populations of aquatic communities. Their

existence is an expression of the quality of the water

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

132

Waste water which is not properly treated may

eventually find its way into a community water source

and spread waterborne diseases[12-20].

Table 1. Sullage sample results obtained from Selaiyur region, Chennai

A= Washing clothes wastewater, B=Kitchen wastewater and C= Bathroom wastewater

Sl.

n

Parameters Requir

em

Permissib

le

Camp

Road

Indira

Nagar

Bhavani

Nagar

Padmavathy

Nagar

o ent limit

in

t

h

e

(Acce

pta

abse

nce

o

f

ble alter

nate

Limit) sourc

e

A B C A B C A B C A

B C

1. p

H

6.5-

8.5

No

relaxatio

n

6.5 7 7 9 6.5 6.5 7 7 6.5 8 6.5 7

2. Alkalinity(

mg/l)

200 600 400 32

0

300 40

0

35

0

330 39

0

36

0

350 37

0

36

0

350

3. Hardness(m

g/l)

200 600 380 37

0

350 30

0

34

0

340 45

0

42

0

350 32

0

32

0

360

4. Chloride

(mg/l)

250 1000 270 22

0

200 30

0

23

0

260 40

0

22

0

250 31

0

25

0

220

5. T

D

S

(mg/l) 500 2000 123

0

10

92

102

0

12

00

11

04

111

6

13

20

12

00

114

0

12

00

11

16

111

6

6. Fluoride

(mg/l)

1.0 1.5 0.5 1.5 1 1.5 1.5 0.5 1.5 0.5 1 0.5 1.5 1

7. Ir

on

(mg/l) 0.3 No

relaxatio

n

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

8. Ammonia(

mg/l)

0.5 No

relaxatio

n

3 5 1 5 1 3 5 1 5 3 3 1

9. Nitrite(mg/l

)

10 No

relaxatio

n

0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.2

10. Nitrate(mg/

l)

45 No

relaxatio

n

75 75 100 45 10

0

45 45 75 75 45 75 100

11. Phosphate( 0.1 1 0.5 1 1 2 1 0.5 0.5 1 0.5 1 0.5 1


133

mg/l)

12. EC(per oh

cm)

0.5 ----- 2.2

13 Turbidity

(NTU)

---- ----- 52

14 BOD (mg/l) 200 300 260

15 COD (mg/l) 450 700 620

3. Results and Discussion

The result of analysis performed on sullage water

collected from residential building are showed in Table.

According to table, we noted that most of the

parameters are under acceptable limit of IS

pH

From the graph it is evident that the pH of all

sullage samples from the area study were within the

desirable limits of IS3025 (Part-1):1987. Thus

treatment for pH is not needed.

4. Conclusion

The project has been carried out by collecting the

sample (sullage) from selected areas of Selaiyur region

(Bhavani Nagar, Camp Road, Padmavathy Nagar &

Indira Nagar). Three samples each has been collected

from each area which includes kitchen water, b

water and washing clothes water. Physico

analysis was carried out for the 12 samples. The results

showed that all the samples were safe against pH,

Alkalinity, Flouride, Chlorine, Iron, Phosphate, and

Turbidity which were found to be withi

(mg/l) 10

6.5 7

0

Ph

2.2 3.9 2.5 2.3 3.6 2.1 2.2 3.8 2.5

52 65 76 58 62 71 69 61 74

260 24

5

210 26

5

25

0

210 26

0

24

3

215

620 54

0

480 62

5

55

0

485 62

0

53

5

475

The result of analysis performed on sullage water

collected from residential building are showed in Table.

able, we noted that most of the

parameters are under acceptable limit of IS

3025(part-1), 1987 but most of its affected. Now, we

represented the graphical presentation of each

parameters with each Nagar samples in accordance

with IS 3025(part-1),1987.

h it is evident that the pH of all

sullage samples from the area study were within the

1):1987. Thus

The project has been carried out by collecting the

sample (sullage) from selected areas of Selaiyur region

(Bhavani Nagar, Camp Road, Padmavathy Nagar &

Indira Nagar). Three samples each has been collected

from each area which includes kitchen water, bathroom

water and washing clothes water. Physico-chemical

analysis was carried out for the 12 samples. The results

showed that all the samples were safe against pH,

Alkalinity, Flouride, Chlorine, Iron, Phosphate, and

Turbidity which were found to be within the

permissible limits of IS3025 (Part

may not be any treatment required for the above

parameters. However, the water should be treated

against Hardness, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS),

Ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite and electrical conductiv

they are not found within the permissible limits of IS

IS3025 (Part-1):1987. From these results it has been

concluded that Camp road sullage is more affected than

other areas. Mostly washing water can be used as

gardening, car washing purposes.

The project was successfully completed by suggesting

the possible treatment method for the sullage water.

9 6.56.5

7 7 7

6.5

8

6.5

7

Camp RoadIndira NagarBhavani

NagarPadmavathy Nagar

Sullage Sample

C.

Wash

ing

Kit

ch

en

Bathroom

2.5 2 3.4 2.8

74 53 64 75

215 25

5

23

0

215

475 62

0

52

0

490

1), 1987 but most of its affected. Now, we

represented the graphical presentation of each

parameters with each Nagar samples in accordance

permissible limits of IS3025 (Part-1):1987. Thus, there

may not be any treatment required for the above

parameters. However, the water should be treated

against Hardness, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS),

Ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite and electrical conductivity as

they are not found within the permissible limits of IS

1):1987. From these results it has been

concluded that Camp road sullage is more affected than

other areas. Mostly washing water can be used as

project was successfully completed by suggesting

the possible treatment method for the sullage water.


134

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